scholarly journals Does emotion regulation engage the same neural circuit as working memory? A meta-analytical comparison between cognitive reappraisal of negative emotion and 2-back working memory task

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. e0203753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tien-Wen Lee ◽  
Shao-Wei Xue
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Analytical Comparison

scholarly journals Meta-analytic evidence for downregulation of the amygdala during working memory maintenance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lycia D. de Voogd ◽  
Erno J. Hermans
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Amygdala Activity ◽  
Regulation Of Emotion

The amygdala is a region critically implicated in affective processes. Downregulation of the amygdala is therefore one of the hallmarks of successful emotion regulation. Downregulation is thought to be established through top-down control of the executive control network over the amygdala. Such a reciprocal relationship, however, is not exclusive to cognitive regulation of emotion. It has recently been noted that any cognitively demanding task may downregulate the amygdala, including a standard working memory task. Here, using a coordinate-based meta-analysis based on an activation likelihood estimation (ALE), we examined whether a standard working memory task (i.e., a 2-back task) downregulates the amygdala similarly to a cognitive reappraisal task. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we included a total of 66 studies using a 2-back working memory task and 65 studies using a cognitive reappraisal task. We found that a standard 2-back working memory task indeed systematically downregulates the amygdala, and that deactivated clusters strongly overlap with those observed during a cognitive reappraisal task. This finding has important consequences for the interpretation of the underlying mechanism of the effects of cognitive reappraisal on amygdala activity: downregulation of amygdala during cognitive reappraisal might be due to the cognitively demanding nature of the task and not per se by the act of the reappraisal itself. Moreover, it raises the possibility of applying working memory tasks in a clinical setting as an alternative emotion regulation strategy.

Caffeine alters emotion and emotional responses in low habitual caffeine consumers

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace E. Giles ◽  
Alexander M. Spring ◽  
Heather L. Urry ◽  
Joseph M. Moran ◽  
Caroline R. Mahoney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy

Caffeine reliably increases emotional arousal, but it is unclear whether and how it influences other dimensions of emotion such as emotional valence. These experiments documented whether caffeine influences emotion and emotion regulation choice and success. Low to abstinent caffeine consumers (maximum 100 mg/day) completed measures of state anxiety, positive and negative emotion, and salivary cortisol before, 45 min after, and 75 min after consuming 400 mg caffeine or placebo. Participants also completed an emotion regulation choice task, in which they chose to employ cognitive reappraisal or distraction in response to high and low intensity negative pictures (Experiment 1), or a cognitive reappraisal task, in which they employed cognitive reappraisal or no emotion regulation strategy in response to negative and neutral pictures (Experiment 2). State anxiety, negative emotion, and salivary cortisol were heightened both 45 and 75 min after caffeine intake relative to placebo. In Experiment 1, caffeine did not influence the frequency with which participants chose reappraisal or distraction, but reduced negativity of the picture ratings. In Experiment 2, caffeine did not influence cognitive reappraisal success. Thus, caffeine mitigated emotional responses to negative situations, but not how participants chose to regulate such responses or the success with which they did so.

scholarly journals Performance and belief-based emotion regulation capacity and tendency: Mapping links with cognitive flexibility and perceived stress

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joao F Guassi Moreira ◽  
Razia Sahi ◽  
Emilia Ninova ◽  
Carolyn Parkinson ◽  
Jennifer A Silvers
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
The Relationship

Cognitive reappraisal is among the most effective and well-studied emotion regulation strategies humans have at their disposal. Here, in 250 healthy adults across two preregistered studies, we examined whether reappraisal capacity (the ability to reappraise) and tendency (the propensity to reappraise) differentially relate to perceived stress. In Study 1, we also investigated whether cognitive flexibility, a skill hypothesized to support reappraisal, accounts for associations between reappraisal capacity and tendency, and perceived stress. Intriguingly, cognitive flexibility was unrelated to reappraisal and perceived stress. Both Studies 1 and 2 showed that reappraisal tendency was associated with perceived stress, whereas the relationship between reappraisal capacity and perceived stress was less robust. Further, Study 2 suggested that self-reported beliefs about one’s emotion regulation capacity and tendency were predictive of wellbeing, whereas no such associations were observed with performance-based assessments of capacity and tendency. That associations between reappraisal capacity and tendency and perceived stress were not accounted for by cognitive flexibility or working memory, core cognitive skills, alone, suggests that reappraisal’s links to wellbeing cannot be sufficiently explained by its underlying cognitive parts. Moreover, these data suggest that self-reported perceptions of reappraisal skills may be more predictive of wellbeing than actual reappraisal ability.

scholarly journals Total sleep deprivation reduces top-down regulation of emotion without altering bottom-up affective processing

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0256983
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Stenson ◽  
Courtney A. Kurinec ◽  
John. M. Hinson ◽  
Paul Whitney ◽  
Hans P. A. Van Dongen
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Affective Stimuli ◽  
Substantial Decline ◽  
Laboratory Acclimation

Sleep loss is reported to influence affective processing, causing changes in overall mood and altering emotion regulation. These aspects of affective processing are seldom investigated together, making it difficult to determine whether total sleep deprivation has a global effect on how affective stimuli and emotions are processed, or whether specific components of affective processing are affected selectively. Sixty healthy adults were recruited for an in-laboratory study and, after a monitored night of sleep and laboratory acclimation, randomly assigned to either a total sleep deprivation condition (n = 40) or a rested control condition (n = 20). Measurements of mood, vigilant attention to affective stimuli, affective working memory, affective categorization, and emotion regulation were taken for both groups. With one exception, measures of interest were administered twice: once at baseline and again 24 hours later, after the sleep deprived group had spent a night awake (working memory was assessed only after total sleep deprivation). Sleep deprived individuals experienced an overall reduction in positive affect with no significant change in negative affect. Despite the substantial decline in positive affect, there was no evidence that processing affectively valenced information was biased under total sleep deprivation. Sleep deprived subjects did not rate affective stimuli differently from rested subjects, nor did they show sleep deprivation-specific effects of affect type on vigilant attention, working memory, and categorization tasks. However, sleep deprived subjects showed less effective regulation of negative emotion. Overall, we found no evidence that total sleep deprivation biased the processing of affective stimuli in general. By contrast, total sleep deprivation appeared to reduce controlled processing required for emotion regulation.

scholarly journals ORGaNICs: A Canonical Neural Circuit Computation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Heeger ◽  
Wayne E Mackey
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Cortical Function ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Sustained Activity

A theory of cortical function is proposed, based on a family of recurrent neural circuits, called ORGaNICs (Oscillatory Recurrent GAted Neural Integrator Circuits). Here, the theory is applied to working memory and motor control. Working memory is a cognitive process for temporarily maintaining and manipulating information. Most empirical neuroscience research on working memory has measured sustained activity during delayed-response tasks, and most models of working memory are designed to explain sustained activity. But this focus on sustained activity (i.e., maintenance) ignores manipulation, and there are a variety of experimental results that are difficult to reconcile with sustained activity. ORGaNICs can be used to explain the complex dynamics of activity, and ORGaNICs can be use to manipulate (as well as maintain) information during a working memory task. The theory provides a means for reading out information from the dynamically varying responses at any point in time, in spite of the complex dynamics. When applied to motor systems, ORGaNICs can be used to convert spatial patterns of premotor activity to temporal profiles of motor control activity: different spatial patterns of premotor activity evoke different motor control dynamics. ORGaNICs offer a novel conceptual framework; Rethinking cortical computation in these terms should have widespread implications, motivating a variety of experiments.

scholarly journals Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and amygdala function during cognitive reappraisal predicts weight restoration and emotion regulation impairment in anorexia nervosa

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Trevor Steward ◽  
Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín ◽  
Gemma Mestre-Bach ◽  
Isabel Sánchez ◽  
Nadine Riesco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Abstract Background Although deficits in affective processing are a core component of anorexia nervosa (AN), we lack a detailed characterization of the neurobiological underpinnings of emotion regulation impairment in AN. Moreover, it remains unclear whether these neural correlates scale with clinical outcomes. Methods We investigated the neural correlates of negative emotion regulation in a sample of young women receiving day-hospital treatment for AN (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 21). We aimed to determine whether aberrant brain activation patterns during emotion regulation predicted weight gain following treatment in AN patients and were linked to AN severity. To achieve this, participants completed a cognitive reappraisal paradigm during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Skin conductance response, as well as subjective distress ratings, were recorded to corroborate task engagement. Results Compared to controls, patients with AN showed reduced activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) during cognitive reappraisal [pFWE<0.05, threshold-free cluster enhancement (TFCE) corrected]. Importantly, psycho–physiological interaction analysis revealed reduced functional connectivity between the dlPFC and the amygdala in AN patients during emotion regulation (pFWE<0.05, TFCE corrected), and dlPFC-amygdala uncoupling was associated with emotion regulation deficits (r = −0.511, p = 0.018) and eating disorder severity (r = −0.565, p = .008) in the AN group. Finally, dlPFC activity positively correlated with increases in body mass index (r = 0.471, p = 0.042) and in body fat mass percentage (r = 0.605, p = 0.008) following 12 weeks of treatment. Conclusions Taken together, our findings indicate that individuals with AN present altered fronto-amygdalar response during cognitive reappraisal and that this response may serve as a predictor of response to treatment and be linked to clinical severity.

scholarly journals An fMRI study of cognitive reappraisal in major depressive disorder and borderline personality disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor De la Peña-Arteaga ◽  
Mercedes Berruga-Sánchez ◽  
Trevor Steward ◽  
Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín ◽  
Ximena Goldberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Major Depressive

Abstract Background One common denominator to the clinical phenotypes of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) is emotion regulation impairment. Although these two conditions have been extensively studied separately, it remains unclear whether their emotion regulation impairments are underpinned by shared or distinct neurobiological alterations. Methods We contrasted the neural correlates of negative emotion regulation across an adult sample of BPD patients (n = 19), MDD patients (n = 20), and healthy controls (HCs; n = 19). Emotion regulation was assessed using an established functional magnetic resonance imaging cognitive reappraisal paradigm. We assessed both task-related activations and modulations of interregional connectivity. Results When compared to HCs, patients with BPD and MDD displayed homologous decreased activation in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) during cognitive reappraisal. In addition, the MDD group presented decreased activations in other prefrontal areas (i.e., left dorsolateral and bilateral orbitofrontal cortices), while the BPD group was characterized by a more extended pattern of alteration in the connectivity between the vlPFC and cortices of the visual ventral stream during reappraisal. Conclusions This study identified, for the first time, a shared neurobiological contributor to emotion regulation deficits in MDD and BPD characterized by decreased vlPFC activity, although we also observed disorder-specific alterations. In MDD, results suggest a primary deficit in the strength of prefrontal activations, while BPD is better defined by connectivity disruptions between the vlPFC and temporal emotion processing regions. These findings substantiate, in neurobiological terms, the different profiles of emotion regulation alterations observed in these disorders.

The Effect of the Task-unrelated Negative Emotion on the Visual and Spatial Working Memory Task

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1483-1495
Author(s):  
Seonkyoung Lee ◽  
Youngji Hong ◽  
Yoonhyoung Lee ◽  
Wonil Choi
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Memory Task
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document