Non-destructive wood density assessment of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) using Resistograph and Pilodyn

Abstract Wood density was analysed and annual ring width was measured on increment cores from 1400 trees in a 30-year-old full-sib progeny test of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in north Sweden. Genetic parameters for wood density were analysed separately for ten outer annual rings, and for simple averages of the five most recent years. The evaluation included genetic correlations with height and stem diameter. Heritabilities of density estimated separately for each annual ring was 0.14-0.26 without any age trend, and jointly for the ten or five latest rings 0.30-0.33; for height growth it was 0.30-0.42 and for stem diameter 0.11-0.13. Additive genetic correlations with height and stem diameter were negative with the simplest statistical model (ȓA = -0.425 and 0.511, respectively) but vanished or diminished when ring width was added as covariate. Density breeding values calculated for the parent trees for each of ten annual rings separately varied considerably between parent trees and between years, tending to increase with increasing age, with a substantial increase between the ages 14 to 16 years from the pith. This age fits well with literature data on the change from juvenile to mature wood. The genetic correlation for wood density between rings from different years was high: ȓA = 0.8 ten years apart, increasing to 1.0 for neighbouring rings. The high genetic correlations for wood density between the innermost and outermost annual rings indicate possible strong covariation between juvenile and/or transition wood and mature wood. The annual variation in wood density in relation to genetic regulation, phenology, environmental conditions, and development from juvenile to mature age is discussed.

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Differences in growth and wood density traits in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) genetic entries grown at different spacing and sites

Silva Fennica ◽

10.14214/sf.192 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Heli Peltola ◽

Jaume Gort ◽

Pertti Pulkkinen ◽

Ane Zubizarreta Gerendiain ◽

Jouni Karppinen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Wood Density ◽

Scots Pine

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Influence of site conditions and silvicultural practice on the wood density of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) – a case study from the Doksy locality, Czech Republic

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/62/2017-jfs ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (No. 10) ◽

pp. 457-462

Author(s):

Schönfelder Ondřej ◽

Zeidler Aleš ◽

Borůvka Vlastimil ◽

Bílek Lukáš

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Wood Density ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Tree Species ◽

Site Conditions ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Clear Cutting ◽

Regeneration Period ◽

Coniferous Tree Species

After spruce, the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris Linnaeus) is the second most important commercial coniferous tree species in the Czech Republic. However, we are finding out that awareness of the variability of properties, and possibilities to affect them, are noticeably small for this type of tree species in our conditions. The goal of this study is to primarily evaluate the importance of site conditions, silvicultural measures and other factors for the density of Scots pine wood in the Doksy locality in the Czech Republic. The Doksy locality is represented by three forest stands with different silvicultural history. Samples were taken from each stand, the basal and central parts of which were subsequently processed for test samples with dimensions of 20 × 20 × 30 mm. Wood density at 12% moisture content was ascertained in the test samples. The highest density value of 0.541 g·cm<sup>–3</sup> was reached in a stand that is regenerated using the shelterwood method with long regeneration period, and the lowest density value of 0.488 g·cm<sup>–3</sup> was recorded in a stand that was regenerated using the clear-cutting method. From a forestry perspective, it can be further stated that the wood density of Scots pine is also affected by the site conditions and position of samples in the trunk.

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Non-destructive estimation of sapwood and heartwood width in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

Silva Fennica ◽

10.14214/sf.153 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Dirk Bieker ◽

Steffen Rust

Keyword(s):

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Non Destructive

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DENSITY OF SCOTS PINE WOOD ON TECHNOGENIC AREAS OF UCHALINSKY MINING AND PROCESSING PLANT

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽

10.31163/2618-964x-2020-3-4-660-666 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 660-666

Author(s):

S.Y. Bakhtina ◽

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Wood Density ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Southern Urals ◽

High Potential ◽

Processing Plant ◽

The Southern Urals ◽

Density Analysis

Wood density analysis of 16 model trees in four habitats of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was carried out on the territory of the Uchalinsky mining and processing plant (the Southern Urals), contaminated with heavy metals. A negative correlation (r = - 0.947) was found between this indicator (it varies from 406±1.0 to 520±2.0 kg/m3 in individual biotopes) and the average annual growth in height (it varies from 34.2 ±1.2 to 62.4 ± 3.2 cm). Density of the wood is formed on the dumps of the plant with less access to nutrients, compared to areas with formed soil. The obtained data prove the relatively high potential of Scots pine for natural phytoremediation of technogenic lands of mining enterprises that pollute the environment with heavy metals.

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Relationship of tracheid length, annual ring width, and wood density in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees from different social classes of tree position in the stand

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.16.4.7492-7508 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 7492-7508

Author(s):

Ewa Fabisiak ◽

Beata Fabisiak

Keyword(s):

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Wood Density ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Basic Density ◽

Ring Width ◽

Annual Rings ◽

Annual Ring Width ◽

Tracheid Length ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

This study investigated the relationship between the length of the tracheids, the width of annual rings, and the wood density of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) obtained from the dominant, intermediate, and suppressed classes of a 60-year-old stand. Measurement of tracheid length was performed on the material macerated from the following annual rings: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and thence every 5 annual rings. Basic density was determined on samples that included five annual rings from the core to bark. Tree position in the stand had a significant impact on the examined properties of wood. In a given biosocial class, tracheid length decreased as the width of annual rings increased. As the biosocial position of a tree in the stand improved, the length of the tracheids increased, and wood density decreased. In wood of the same density range, the increment in tracheid length was the greatest in wood of dominant trees and the lowest in wood of suppressed trees.

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Genetic Improvement of Sawn-Board Stiffness and Strength in Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20041129 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 1129 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Irena Fundova ◽

Henrik R. Hallingbäck ◽

Gunnar Jansson ◽

Harry X. Wu

Keyword(s):

Wood Density ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Selective Breeding ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Narrow Sense Heritability ◽

Individual Tree ◽

Wood Processing ◽

Stem Straightness ◽

Standing Trees ◽

Non Destructive

Given an overall aim of improving Scots pine structural wood quality by selective tree breeding, we investigated the potential of non-destructive acoustic sensing tools to accurately predict wood stiffness (modulus of elasticity, MOE) and strength (modulus of rupture, MOR) of sawn boards. Non-destructive measurements of wood density (DEN), acoustic velocity (VEL) and MOE were carried out at different stages of wood processing chain (standing trees, felled logs and sawn boards), whilst destructively measured stiffness and strength served as benchmark traits. All acoustic based MOE and VEL estimates proved to be good proxies (rA > 0.65) for sawn-board stiffness while MOETREE, VELHIT and resistograph wood density (DENRES) measured on standing trees and MOELOG and VELFAK measured on felled logs well reflected board strength. Individual-tree narrow-sense heritability ( h i 2 ) for VEL, MOE and MOR were weak (0.05–0.26) but were substantially stronger for wood density (0.34–0.40). Moreover, additive genetic coefficients of variation for MOE and MOR were in the range from 5.4% to 9.1%, offering potential targets for exploitation by selective breeding. Consequently, selective breeding based on MOETREE, DENRES or stem straightness (STR) could improve several structural wood traits simultaneously.

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