scholarly journals 'It's not just about fish': Assessing the social impacts of marine protected areas on the wellbeing of coastal communities in New South Wales

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244605
Author(s):  
Natalie Gollan ◽  
Kate Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
New South ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Social Acceptability ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Social

Managing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) is about managing human behaviours, but decision-making processes have traditionally focussed on ecological aspects, treating social aspects as secondary. It is now becoming more evident that an equal focus on the ecological and social aspects is required. Without the collection of information about social aspect such as impacts and sharing this as well as ecological information with communities, MPAs are at higher risk of opposition and social acceptability problems. This paper explores the development of a wellbeing framework to understand the social aspects, including the impacts of MPAs on the wellbeing of local communities. This research investigates two case study MPAs: Cape Byron and Port Stephens-Great Lakes Marine Parks in New South Wales, Australia. The MPAs are multiple-use and were implemented in 2006 and 2007, respectively. The research began with a review of the literature, followed by fieldwork, including semi-structured qualitative interviews with community members. Through thematic coding of the interview transcripts in light of the literature on assessing the social impacts of MPAs, a community wellbeing framework of domains and associated attributes was developed to investigate social impacts. Our analysis shows; first, local perspectives are crucial to understanding social impacts. Second, understanding social impacts gives insight into the nature of trade-offs that occur in decision-making regarding MPAs. Third, the intangible social impacts experienced by local communities are just as significant as the tangible ones for understanding how MPAs operate. Fourth, governance impacts have been the most influential factor affecting the social acceptability of the case study parks. We argue that failure to address negative social impacts can undermine the legitimacy of MPAs. We propose that the framework will support policymakers to work towards more effective, equitable and socially sustainable MPAs by employing much-needed monitoring of human dimensions of conservation interventions at the community level to shape adaptive management.

scholarly journals Level of Social Participation in the Creation of Urban Regeneration Programmes – The Case Study of Small Towns in Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Czupich
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Urban Regeneration ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Social

Social participation enables citizens to take part in the decision-making process. It is an increasingly popular instrument in Poland. The effectiveness of participation is the most important issue in this context. In accordance with the Act of 9 October 2015, urban regeneration mainly applies to mitigating negative social phenomena. The social aspect is also important at the stage of establishing urban regeneration programmes. Extensive social participation in the process of creat­ing these programmes is one of the main requirements. The aim of the article is to present the scale of the involvement of local communities in the procedure of creating regeneration programmes in selected small towns in Poland. Conclusions from the analysis include an assessment of participation success rate in regeneration activities.

A Matter of Skill: The Revival of Apprenticeship in Early Twentieth-Century NSW

1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Shields
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Social Constructionist ◽  
Bilateral Negotiation ◽  
Labour Exploitation ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Social ◽  
Craft Unions

The survival of apprenticeship in modern Australian industry represents a marked contrast to the institution's virtual disappearance in many other industrial capi talist countries. This article considers one specific historical conjuncture that appears to have figured decisively in the institution's survival in New South Wales, namely, the formative period of state industrial regulation and award making between 1902 and 1914. At the close of the nineteenth century, the custom of formal or indentured apprenticeship had virtually ceased to exist in New South Wales, yet by 1914 it had become compulsory for male juniors in virtually every recognized trade in the state. Drawing on evidence from three key male-dominated trades (carpentry andjoinery, type-composing and engineering), this article pro vides a multifaceted explanation for this dramatic revival. It argues the explana tory inadequacy of each of three main hypotheses on the survival of apprenticeship posited in the existing literature, namely the technicist/onskilling, the deskilling and the social constructionist/reskilling theses. In particular, it challenges the feminist-social constructionist contention that apprenticeship survived as a form of ritual servitude, as an exclusionary device imposed unilaterally on unwilling employers by craft unions and 'captive' industrial tribunals. The case study evidence indicates that the revival owed far less to arbitral imposition than to bilateral negotiation and agreement between unions and organized employers. In this sense, the institution's survival is attributable, in large part, to employers' ongoing need for genuine skill. The main focus of employer resistance was not to the compulsory apprenticeship, but to union attempts to limit apprentice employ ment in those areas of craft production where deskilling had occurred or was occurring. It is only there that compulsory apprenticeship can be said to have amounted to either a union-imposed form of ritual servitude or an employer device for junior labour exploitation.

What we don't know and haven't learned about cost - benefit prioritisation of rock-wallaby management

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Soderquist
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
New South ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Species Response ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Adaptive Approaches

Research and translocations of brush-tailed rock-wallabies (Petrogale penicillata) in New South Wales have, in conjunction with studies in Victoria and Queensland, provided extensive insights yet also document the high variability in the species’ response to management. Nonetheless, experts are being asked to quantify predicted response for cost–benefit prioritisation models that will rank threatened species and populations worthy of future funding, with little consideration of the basic principles behind adaptive management. The weaknesses of these prioritisation models must be evaluated carefully by experts in order that appropriate advice is provided which genuinely assists decision-making. I explore the questions facing rock-wallaby ecologists as a case study of how much more we need to know and learn within adaptive approaches to conservation before our predictions are robust.

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