The German Context: School Turnaround in Ten Schools in Difficult Circumstances: The Need for Adaptive and Contextualized Approaches to Development and Change

In this chapter, we report on the research findings from a school development project which took place in a large city in Germany over a period of 5 years. In 2013, the central educational authorities formed a public-private partnership with a foundation to start a development project that was inspired by school turnaround models in the US and included various interventions and efforts to support change in ten schools that were identified as ‘schools in difficult circumstances’. As such, the adapted school turnaround model serves as an example of introducing policies or models in school systems that have proven to be successful elsewhere. In this chapter, we present findings from our analysis of the changes taking place in the schools related to efforts and interventions to support the schools. Moreover, we discuss challenges regarding measurement of success according to the school turnaround logic and the need for more adaptive approaches for changing and developing schools in difficult circumstances - at least a long-term perspective on school development.

Reactive vaccination of workplaces and schools against COVID-19

As vaccination against COVID-19 stalls in some countries, increased accessibility and more adaptive approaches may be useful to keep the epidemic under control. Here we study the impact of reactive vaccination targeting schools and workplaces where cases have been detected, with an agent-based model accounting for COVID-19 natural history, vaccine characteristics, individuals' demography and behaviour and social distancing. We study epidemic scenarios ranging from sustained spread to flare-up of cases, and we consider reactive vaccination alone and in combination with mass vaccination. With the same number of doses, reactive vaccination reduces cases more than non-reactive approaches, but may require concentrating a high number of doses over a short time in case of sustained spread. In case of flare-ups, quick implementation of reactive vaccination supported by enhanced test-trace-isolate practices would limit further spread. These results provide key information to promote an adaptive vaccination plan in the months to come.

Modern evolutionism and the views of A. A. Lyubishchev on the problem of species

With the advent of Darwinism, historical, functional, and adaptive approaches began to dominate in the theory of form. According to A. A. Lyubishchev: «Historical morphology devoured constructive». The tasks of morphology and taxonomy are closely related. Both disciplines should strive to identify the laws governing the diversity of the organic world. The nomogenetic component of evolution, the laws underlying the system, are reflected in morphology. And vice versa, the similarity of organs of different origins, facts of incomplete homology, pre-adaptation of forms, a huge number of parallelisms and many other morphological factors prove not only the existence of laws of form, but also the nomogenetic component of evolution. Despite the heterogeneity and exceptional complexity in the structure of organisms, there is a recurrence of similar forms that penetrates the entire systematics, suggesting that the forms of organisms are not epiphenomenons of a complex structure. An excellent example of regular variability is the Law of homologous series of hereditary variability by N. I. Vavilov: «knowing what mutational changes occur in individuals of any species, one can foresee that the same mutations in similar conditions will arise in related species and genera.» For A. A. Lyubishchev, the main components of evolution were: 1) tychogenetic (evolution based on random, unforeseen mutations); 2) nomogenetic (the presence of firm laws of development and limited form formation); 3) ectogenetic (factors external to organisms); and 4) telogenetic (active adaptation of organisms). At present, the study of architectonics and promorphology is coming to the fore, i.e. symmetry of organisms.

Methodological Bricolage and COVID-19: An Illustration From Innovative, Novel, and Adaptive Environmental Behavior Change Research

This article explores innovative and novel research methods and adaptive approaches during the COVID-19 pandemic to examine visitor learning and proenvironmental behavior. We present a mixed methods study that used a methodological bricolage approach to field-based data collection. The pandemic limited our ability to carry out the original study design. Quickly pivoting, the study was adapted to an explanatory sequential design with a survey, an interpretive video, naturalistic observations, personal meaning maps, interviews and a new method: comprehension assessments. This resulted in data collection that maintained trustworthiness and rigor, while remaining flexible to changing protocols. This article contributes to the field of mixed methods research by demonstrating the application of methodological bricolage in visitor research during catastrophic social change.

Adaptive Approach To Creating Conditions For Practical Self-Realization Of Future Teacher-Programmers

Summary. The article substantiates the relevance of an adaptive approach to creating conditions in the educational process for the practical self-realization of students, considered as the implementation of the educational and research abilities of future teacher-programmers, and the formation of professional competencies. In the modern high-tech world, when digital technologies become the environment for the existence of future specialists with new opportunities for their interactions and the desire to solve problems through IT technologies, one of the trends in the development of the education system is to improve its quality, «... includes adaptive processes». Adaptive processes in the design of educational programs are based on the formation of a digital educational space, the availability of online training, the possibility of organizing mixed training, and building individual educational activities. Adaptive approaches are considered as personification of the practical-oriented component of educational activity, development of value orientations, attitudes, as a person-oriented interaction of a teacher-student and a weak impact, which under certain conditions can give a strong resonance. Adaptive approaches are presented as a system of flexible management methods that contribute to the practical realization of the interests, abilities and educational needs of students aimed at forming the basic professional competencies of future teacher-programmers. Adaptive approaches in learning management are considered as the personalization of distance activities, as the process of managing the personal and professional development of students; a process that contributes to the desired learning outcomes; the process of using management impacts. The adaptive interaction between the teacher and the student includes pedagogical support, allows you to focus on the abilities and professional preferences of future teacher-programmers, equalize their opportunities for self-realization, self-organization, self-development and personalize the accumulation of universal and professional competencies. The article notes that the widespread use of adaptive approaches has led to a shift in emphasis in education to the achievement of a practical result in the formation of professional competencies, which are not only the result of training, but also a resource for further quality education, training specialists for independent professional activities, the ability to quickly adapt to new socio-professional challenges and a willingness to study during life. Key words: adaptive approaches, adaptive interaction, digitalization, practical self-realization, training results, personalization, professional competencies of future teacher-programmers.

Proton transfer in bulk water using the full adaptive QM/MM method: integration of solute- and solvent-adaptive approaches

The full adaptive approach achieved an accurate and stable molecular dynamics simulation of hydronium ion in bulk.