scholarly journals The composition of the founding population of Iceland: A new perspective from 3D analyses of basicranial shape

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246059
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Plomp ◽  
Hildur Gestsdóttir ◽  
Keith Dobney ◽  
Neil Price ◽  
Mark Collard
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Other ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Viking Age ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Founding Population ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

The settlement of Iceland in the Viking Age has been the focus of much research, but the composition of the founding population remains the subject of debate. Some lines of evidence suggest that almost all the founding population were Scandinavian, while others indicate a mix of Scandinavians and people of Scottish and Irish ancestry. To explore this issue further, we used three-dimensional techniques to compare the basicrania of skeletons from archaeological sites in Iceland, Scandinavia, and the British Isles. Our analyses yielded two main results. One was that the founding population likely consisted of roughly equal numbers of Scandinavians and people from the British Isles. The other was that the immigrants who originated from the British Isles included individuals of southern British ancestry as well as individuals of Scottish and Irish ancestry. The first of these findings is consistent with the results of recent analyses of modern and ancient DNA, while the second is novel. Our study, therefore, strengthens the idea that the founding population was a mix of Scandinavians and people from the British Isles, but also raises a new possibility regarding the regions from which the settlers originated.

scholarly journals A theory of tracheal respiration in insects

1930 ◽  
Vol 106 (743) ◽  
pp. 229-250 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Academic Interest ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Tissue Cells ◽  
Physiological Studies ◽  
Farthest Point ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Satisfactory Theory

A satisfactory theory of tracheal respiration would not only be of considerable academic interest but, since respiratory poisons are employed for the destruction of many harmful insects, it might prove of great practical value. Physiological studies on the tracheæ of insects have aimed chiefly at establishing, on the one hand, the mode of ending of these air-containing tubes, and, on the other, the forces which maintain the supply of oxygen to their terminations. As regards the former of these problems, there is no general agreement; for most of those who have studied the subject have worked with different organs from different insects, and almost all have assumed that the farthest point to which they have succeeded in tracing the tubes is in fact their termination. In certain cases, however, there is no doubt that the tracheal capillaries or tracheoles penetrate within the cytoplasm of the tissue cells (see Wigglesworth, 1929).

Room for hope: How to deal with growing racism and discrimination?

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S43-S43
Author(s):  
L. Küey
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
Group Identities ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Discrimination could be defined as the attitudes and behavior based on the group differences. Any group acknowledged and proclaimed as ‘the other’ by prevailing zeitgeist and dominant social powers, and further dehumanized may become the subject of discrimination. Moreover, internalized discrimination perpetuates this process. In a spectrum from dislike and micro-aggression to overt violence towards ‘the other’, it exists almost in all societies in varying degrees and forms; all forms involving some practices of exclusion and rejection. Hence, almost all the same human physical and psychosocial characteristics that constitute the bases for in-group identities and reference systems could also become the foundations of discrimination towards the humans identified as out-groups. Added to this, othering, arising from imagined and generalized differences and used to distinguish groups of people as separate from the norm reinforces and maintains discrimination.Accordingly, discrimination built on race, color, sex, gender, gender identity, nationality and ethnicity, religious beliefs, age, physical and mental disabilities, employment, caste and language have been the focus of a vast variety of anti-discriminatory and inclusive efforts. National acts and international legislative measures and conventions, political and public movements and campaigns, human rights movements, education programs, NGO activities are some examples of such anti-discriminatory and inclusive efforts. All these efforts have significant economic, political and psychosocial components.Albeit the widespread exercise of discrimination, peoples of the world also have a long history of searching, aiming and practicing more inclusive ways of solving conflicts of interests between in-groups and out-groups. This presentation will mainly focus on the psychosocial aspects of the anti-discriminative efforts and search a room for hope and its realistic bases for a more non-violent, egalitarian and peaceful human existence.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

The three dimensional Maxwell equations with strongly anisotropic electric permittivity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Mihaï Bostan
Keyword(s):  
Maxwell Equations ◽  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Propagation Speed ◽  
Electric Permittivity ◽  
Limit Model ◽  
Variational Framework ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Electro Magnetic ◽  
Almost All

The subject matter of this work concerns the propagation of the electro-magnetic fields through strongly anisotropic media, in the three dimensional setting. We concentrate on the asymptotic behavior for the solutions of the Maxwell equations when the electric permittivity tensor is strongly anisotropic. We derive limit models and prove their well-posedness. We appeal to the variational framework and study the propagation speed of the solutions. We prove that almost all the electro-magnetic energy concentrates inside the propagation cone of the limit model.

scholarly journals LEFT BRANCH EXTRACTION OUT OF THE DETERMINER PHRASE IN SAUDI NORTHERN REGION DIALECT OF ARABIC: A NEW PERSPECTIVE

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-35
Author(s):  
Khalaf M.J. AlShammiry
Keyword(s):  
Northern Region ◽  
The Other ◽  
Definite Article ◽  
Left Periphery ◽  
Determiner Phrase ◽  
Base Position ◽  
Left Branch ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Perspective

To my knowledge, Left Branch Extraction (LBE) out of the Determiner Phrase (DP) is not previously attested in Modern Standard Arabic ( MSA) or any of the Arabic dialects. In Saudi Northern Region dialect of Arabic (SNRDA), the wh-degree question kam “how many/much” can appear at the left periphery of the clause leaving the noun and other postnominal modifiers in the base position, in both the subject and the object positions. In this paper, I will argue for a new perspective for the syntactic phenomenon LBE in which the extracted element is a full DP, not part of a DP as previous studies assume, that moves leaving the other DP in situ. That is to say, I will argue that there are two DPs in the argument position; one of those two DPs is the numeral and the other is all that comes after the numeral including the overt noun and its postnominal modifiers. It is only the wh-item kam “how many/how much”, which moves to the left periphery of the clause. My argument is supported, besides other things, by morpho-syntactic similarities between the numeral and the noun, for example both participating in topic and focus constructions and both use of pro-clitic h- and the use of the definite article al- “the” with other pre-nominal modifier like the quantifier kil “all” and baadh “some. This paper is unique in that it provides a new perspective on LBE in a dialect of Arabic which is rarely discussed.

A Review of Internet Addiction on the Basis of Different Countries (2007–2017)

2019 ◽  
pp. 215-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruya Samli
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Far East ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Almost All

This chapter presents a review of Internet addiction on the basis of different countries between the years of 2007 and 2017. For this purpose, the term “addiction” is explained, some addiction types are examined, the differences between Internet addiction and the other ones are given and the Internet addiction status of different countries are presented. In today's world, Internet addiction is a privileged problem in almost all of the countries but especially a few countries have important number of studies about the subject. The most studies are completed in China, Turkey, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Korea. In this chapter, studies about these countries and some other ones are investigated. These studies show that the “Far East” is suffering from the problem a bit more than the others.

A Review of Internet Addiction on the Basis of Different Countries (2007–2017)

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-43
Author(s):  
Ruya Samli
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Far East ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Almost All

This chapter presents a review of Internet addiction on the basis of different countries between the years of 2007 and 2017. For this purpose, the term “addiction” is explained, some addiction types are examined, the differences between Internet addiction and the other ones are given and the Internet addiction status of different countries are presented. In today's world, Internet addiction is a privileged problem in almost all of the countries but especially a few countries have important number of studies about the subject. The most studies are completed in China, Turkey, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Korea. In this chapter, studies about these countries and some other ones are investigated. These studies show that the “Far East” is suffering from the problem a bit more than the others.

Archaeological Heritage

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Inglese ◽  
Mario Docci ◽  
Alfonso Ippolito
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
The State ◽  
Virtual Instruments ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Objective Representation

Architects have been involved in the task of representing archaeology and archaeological sites for many years now. Their objective has invariably been to make the reading of the artifact more detailed and accurate to scholars of archaeology. The advent of informatics brought a significant step forward in the domain of representation in this field. To recall that representation of archaeology should restore artifacts of which only fragments of walls remain, often in ruin and with degraded surfaces which often do not follow the geometry of the original artifact any longer. Therefore, in order to obtain objective representation with a highly detailed documentation of the state of the surfaces, three dimensional methodologies of digitalization were applied, ones that made it possible to construct 3D models. Addressed in this chapter is the problem of how to communicate architectonic archaeology with virtual instruments. The subject researched includes both very well-preserved examples as well as ones of which merely vestiges remain.

The Distribution and Date of the Passage-Graves of the British Isles

1949 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 169-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Daniel ◽  
T. G. E. Powell
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Almost All

It is the object of this paper to examine the evidence for the relative and absolute chronology of the Passage-Graves of the British Isles. The title of the paper as well as this bald statement of purpose begs the immediate question of what exactly the authors mean by Passage-Graves.We define a Passage-Grave as a prehistoric chamber tomb consisting of a passage leading to a round, polygonal, or square chamber, in which the collective burials were normally made. This type of monument may be walled with orthostats and roofed trabeate-wise by capstones, or it may be dry-walled with small stones laid horizontally and roofed by a false or corbelled vault, or again there may be present a combination of these techniques. On the other hand this type of monument may be wholly or partly cut in the rock or again there may be a combination of surface and rock-cut features in its construction. In almost all cases the surface forms of Passage-Grave are incorporated in a barrow or cairn of earth or stones. The constructional variety of the tomb does not affect its classification in a morphological category; the rock-cut tombs of Alcaide and Palmella are as much Passage-Graves as the corbel-vaulted tombs of He Longue and Alcalá, or the capstoneroofed tombs of Kercado and Bryn Celli Ddu.

scholarly journals Representations of Architecture in Lucas van Leyden’s Prints

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayşegül Yayla
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Italian Renaissance ◽  
Medieval Art ◽  
Representations Of Architecture ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Come

Categorization of Lucas van Leyden (1494-1533) is a matter of defining modern at the turn of the sixteenth century. His depiction of Late Gothic and Classic architectural forms in his prints shows an interaction between the Italian Renaissance and the Netherlandish traditions. The use of urban setting is to familiarize the viewer with the story. This technique of grabbing the attention of the viewer by situating him within the audience in the image is a traditional characteristic of medieval art. On the other hand, he employs the new method of Renaissance spatial perspective in order to create the three dimensional effect in the print. Ornaments work as metalingual elements giving away subtle information on the subject. A symbol exists by being a reference to a former incidence, which adds to the discussion of whether Lucas van Leyden was a Renaissance or an early modern artist. His concern is with the narrative rather than the idealistic illustration of architecture. His German contemporary Albrecht Dürer also appears to come and go in representing two styles of architecture. Therefore there will be a comparison between Lucas van Leyden, Albrecht Dürer and Italian contemporaries such as Perugino and Raphael. Yet it is still a question to where to position Lucas van Leyden. 

A Review of Internet Addiction on the Basis of Different Countries (2007–2017)

2018 ◽  
pp. 200-220
Author(s):  
Ruya Samli
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Far East ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Almost All

This chapter presents a review of Internet addiction on the basis of different countries between the years of 2007 and 2017. For this purpose, the term “addiction” is explained, some addiction types are examined, the differences between Internet addiction and the other ones are given and the Internet addiction status of different countries are presented. In today's world, Internet addiction is a privileged problem in almost all of the countries but especially a few countries have important number of studies about the subject. The most studies are completed in China, Turkey, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Korea. In this chapter, studies about these countries and some other ones are investigated. These studies show that the “Far East” is suffering from the problem a bit more than the others.

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