Archaeological Heritage

Architects have been involved in the task of representing archaeology and archaeological sites for many years now. Their objective has invariably been to make the reading of the artifact more detailed and accurate to scholars of archaeology. The advent of informatics brought a significant step forward in the domain of representation in this field. To recall that representation of archaeology should restore artifacts of which only fragments of walls remain, often in ruin and with degraded surfaces which often do not follow the geometry of the original artifact any longer. Therefore, in order to obtain objective representation with a highly detailed documentation of the state of the surfaces, three dimensional methodologies of digitalization were applied, ones that made it possible to construct 3D models. Addressed in this chapter is the problem of how to communicate architectonic archaeology with virtual instruments. The subject researched includes both very well-preserved examples as well as ones of which merely vestiges remain.

Download Full-text

3D survey for the archaeological study and virtual reconstruction of the “Sanctuary of Isis” in the ancient Lilybaeum (Italy)

Virtual Archaeology Review ◽

10.4995/var.2020.11928 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (22) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Leonarda Fazio ◽

Mauro Lo Brutto

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Archaeological Site ◽

3D Models ◽

Archaeological Remains ◽

Archaeological Heritage ◽

Digital Reconstruction ◽

3D Environment ◽

3D Data ◽

Open Questions ◽

Virtual Reconstruction

In recent years, the use of three-dimensional (3D) models in cultural and archaeological heritage for documentation and dissemination purposes has increased. New geomatics technologies have significantly reduced the time spent on fieldwork surveys and data processing. The archaeological remains can be documented and reconstructed in a digital 3D environment thanks to the new 3D survey technologies. Furthermore, the products generated by modern surveying technologies can be reconstructed in a virtual environment on effective archaeological bases and hypotheses coming from a detailed 3D data analysis. However, the choice of technologies that should be used to get the best results for different archaeological remains and how to use 3D models to improve knowledge and dissemination to a wider audience are open questions.This paper deals with the use of terrestrial laser scanners and photogrammetric surveys for the virtual reconstruction of an archaeological site. In particular, the work describes the study for the 3D documentation and virtual reconstruction of the “Sanctuary of Isis” in Lilybaeum, the ancient city of Marsala (southern Italy). The "Sanctuary of Isis" is the only Roman sacred building known in this archaeological area. Based on the survey data, it has been possible to recreate the original volumes of the ancient building and rebuild the two best-preserved floors –a geometric mosaic and an opus spicatum– for a first digital reconstruction of the archaeological complex in a 3D environment.

Download Full-text

UAV-BASED PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE SITE SURVEY AND 3D MODELING OF THE SARDUS PATER TEMPLE (ITALY)

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w17-45-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol XLII-2/W17 ◽

pp. 45-51

Author(s):

V. Bagnolo ◽

N. Paba

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Large Scale ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

High Standard ◽

3D Models ◽

Strong Increase ◽

Active Sensors ◽

Archaeological Heritage ◽

Heritage Site ◽

Effective Visualization

Abstract. Despite the high standard guaranteed by 3D scanning technology, image based modeling establishes the most widely used technique for surface reconstruction, being a cheaper and more portable approach. The strong increase in the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), is increasingly affirming and consolidating over the years. Being more cheap and portable than the active sensors approach, the combination of photogrammetry and drones is widely used for different applications both for large scale mapping and for documentation of architecture and archaeological heritage. UAV based photogrammetry allows for rapid accurate mapping and three-dimensional modelling. Over the last two decades, the study of archaeological sites have benefited from the constant evolution of sensor-based surveying techniques, finding effective application for purely visualization purposes or for the extraction of metric data. The Punic-Roman temple "Sardus Pater Babai" in southern Sardinia (Italy), has been the subject of a massive anastylosis. The close-range photogrammetry technique, exploiting the images produced by a UAV consumer and the GNSS system data, has allowed the creation of metrically correct 2D and 3D models useful also for an effective visualization of the information. A series of ortho-images has been extracted in order to represent plan, elevations and cross-sections of the monument.

Download Full-text

Amphitheater of Volterra: Case Study for the Representation of Excavation Data

Studies in Digital Heritage ◽

10.14434/sdh.v1i2.23242 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 269-281

Author(s):

Carlo Battini ◽

Elena Sorge

Keyword(s):

Structure From Motion ◽

Mobile Application ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Laser Scanner ◽

3D Models ◽

Post Processing ◽

The Subject ◽

Three Dimensional Models ◽

Digital Projection

The work presented wants to show how different techniques of expeditious relief can be combined together in order to better describe the subject studied. Techniques of digital projection as laser scanner, topography and Structure from Motion can be used simultaneously and interact with each other to create a rich database of colorimetric and metrics information. Methodologies that, at the same time, present the peculiarities and errors of peculiar relief of the technology employed.The case study examined in this type of research is the discovery of the amphitheater of Volterra. Discovered in July 2015 during the phases of reclamation of a stream, is located close to Porta Diana and a few hundred meters from the Roman Theater discovered in the last century. An excavation campaign undertaken Between October and November 2015 has allowed us to bring to light the crests of the supporting walls of the structure, revealing the presence of the three orders and a depth of about ten meters.The step of post processing has finally seen the use of three-dimensional models acquired both for the creation of images metrics necessary to the study of the stratigraphic units, both for studying a mobile application, 3D models and data of the excavation, easy to use for transmitting the information collected.

Download Full-text

Managing the Managers: State control over the monuments in Estonia

Internet Archaeology ◽

10.11141/ia.54.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ulla Kadakas ◽

Anu Lillak

Keyword(s):

Management System ◽

The State ◽

Archaeological Sites ◽

State Control ◽

Visitor Experience ◽

Archaeological Heritage ◽

Land Usage

The article introduces the management system of archaeological monuments of Estonia. It focuses on the state of archaeological heritage and land usage of listed monuments. The legal background is explained while discussing the need to enhance visitor experience on archaeological sites. A few successful and some unfavourable examples are given to show the struggle to find a balance between development, exposition and preservation.

Download Full-text

THREE-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE TIBIOTALAR JOINT OF INTACT MALE FEET UNDER UNLOADED AND AXIAL-LOADED CONDITIONS

Journal of Musculoskeletal Research ◽

10.1142/s0218957714500122 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (03) ◽

pp. 1450012

Author(s):

Shuhei Nozaki ◽

Keigo Taniguchi ◽

Kota Watanabe ◽

Masaki Katayose

Keyword(s):

Sagittal Plane ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Axial Loading ◽

3D Models ◽

Mr Images ◽

Intact Male ◽

Tibiotalar Joint ◽

Rotational Orientation ◽

The Subject ◽

Insight Into

Purpose: We investigated the distribution of three-axis rotational directions of the tibiotalar joint in intact feet under axial loading and categorized them according to the combinations of the three-axis rotational directions of the tibiotalar joint as three-dimensional (3D) rotational patterns. Methods: The differences in rotational orientation of the talus relative to the tibia under unloaded and axial-loaded conditions were calculated from the 3D models of the tibiotalar joint that were reconstructed from magnetic resonance (MR) images in 27 intact male feet. Results: In the sagittal plane, the talus rotated into plantarflexion in 63% of the feet and into dorsiflexion in 30%. In the coronal plane, the talus rotated into inversion in 37% of the feet and into eversion in 33%. In the transverse plane, the talus rotated into adduction in 85% of the feet and into abduction in 4%. A total of 10 3D tibiotalar joint rotational patterns were observed under axial loading. There were no significant differences in the frequencies of the 10 tibiotalar joint rotational patterns (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The 3D tibiotalar joint rotational patterns under axial loading were consolidated into 10 directions, which provides insight into the subject-specific kinematics of the tibiotalar joint.

Download Full-text

Photogrammetry and macro photography. The experience of the MUSINT II Project in the 3D digitizing process of small size archaeological artifacts

Studies in Digital Heritage ◽

10.14434/sdh.v1i2.23250 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 298-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stefano Marziali ◽

Giulia Dionisio

Keyword(s):

Structure From Motion ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

3D Models ◽

High Quality ◽

Archaeological Heritage ◽

Capital Costs ◽

Adults And Children ◽

Archaeological Artifacts ◽

High Level ◽

3D Digitizing

The MUSINT II project was created to publicize and promote the Minoan glyptic, a little-known archaeological heritage. Its contents were designed to involve both specialists and a general public (adults and children).The project focuses on the 3D digitalization of seventeen very small (about 15mm diameter) seals, stored in the archives of the National Archaeological Museum of Florence.The digitalization of these artifacts required a high-quality resolution technique capable of capturing their morphology and decorative motives and, at the same time, appeal to the educational targets.For this reason, the Structure from Motion (SfM) Photogrammetry was chosen. This technology makes it possible to obtain three-dimensional reproductions from random photographs made by non-dedicated devices, but the tiny-object survey required specific instruments and skills.A macrophotography technique was applied together with a specific workflow to obtain high quality photogrammetric models and to save time in acquiring and processing images. With this methodology, 3D models of high metric precision mesh and maximum color fidelity textures were obtained. This process delivers results of high level detail for low capital costs and minimal acquisition and processing time.

Download Full-text

The composition of the founding population of Iceland: A new perspective from 3D analyses of basicranial shape

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0246059 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. e0246059

Author(s):

Kimberly A. Plomp ◽

Hildur Gestsdóttir ◽

Keith Dobney ◽

Neil Price ◽

Mark Collard

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

The Other ◽

Archaeological Sites ◽

Viking Age ◽

British Isles ◽

Founding Population ◽

The Subject ◽

New Perspective ◽

Almost All ◽

Lines Of Evidence

The settlement of Iceland in the Viking Age has been the focus of much research, but the composition of the founding population remains the subject of debate. Some lines of evidence suggest that almost all the founding population were Scandinavian, while others indicate a mix of Scandinavians and people of Scottish and Irish ancestry. To explore this issue further, we used three-dimensional techniques to compare the basicrania of skeletons from archaeological sites in Iceland, Scandinavia, and the British Isles. Our analyses yielded two main results. One was that the founding population likely consisted of roughly equal numbers of Scandinavians and people from the British Isles. The other was that the immigrants who originated from the British Isles included individuals of southern British ancestry as well as individuals of Scottish and Irish ancestry. The first of these findings is consistent with the results of recent analyses of modern and ancient DNA, while the second is novel. Our study, therefore, strengthens the idea that the founding population was a mix of Scandinavians and people from the British Isles, but also raises a new possibility regarding the regions from which the settlers originated.

Download Full-text

METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR AERIAL SURVEYING AND GROUND PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SURVEYS FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL PURPOSES

ECOLOGY ECONOMY INFORMATICS GEOINFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND SPACE MONITORING ◽

10.23885/2500-123x-2020-2-5-75-82 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 75-82

Author(s):

V.M. Kurkov ◽

◽

T.N. Skripitsina ◽

A.Yu. Sozonova ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Information Technologies ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Digital Camera ◽

3D Models ◽

Practical Experience ◽

Archaeological Sites ◽

State University ◽

Digital Terrain ◽

Terrain Models ◽

Close Range

This article we consider methods and technologies of unmanned aerial surveying and close-range photogrammetric survey as applied for archeological research. We summed up the practical experience of the specialists of the Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography (MIIGAiK), obtained with the participation in the Bosporus archaeological expedition of the State Historical Museum on the Taman Peninsula in 2018–20. During the 3 expeditions, 18 archaeological sites were surveyed by aerial methods using UAV Geoscan 101 Geodesy and UAS DJI Phantom 4 Pro. In addition to aerial surveying, the Canon 30D digital camera with 50 mm and 14 mm focal lengths was used for groundbased, close-range photogrammetric surveys of archaeological sites. Some sites were surveyed many times during different periods of archaeological research. At all surveyed archaeological sites using photogrammetric processing methods at the Agisoft Metashape software we received survey documents (orthophoto, digital terrain models, 3D models). For some artifacts, three-dimensional metric models have been obtained using digital photogrammetry methods. Various methods of aerial surveying were used to study archaeological sites. The article gives recommendations on optimization of photography process in order to obtain reliable and informative documents for archaeological excavations. Comparison and analysis of aerial and close-range survey data was performed by the QGIS geographic information system. The information obtained using geo-information technologies will improve the quality and reliability of forecasts and hypotheses in archaeological studies.

Download Full-text

The Use of Synergetic Methods and the Catastrophe Theory

International Journal of Social Science and Human Research ◽

10.47191/ijsshr/v4-i10-05 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 04 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Valida Sesadze ◽

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Catastrophe Theory ◽

Economic Condition ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

The State ◽

Self Organization ◽

Economic Systems ◽

Socio Economic Development ◽

Macroeconomic Indicators ◽

The Subject

The state of the global ecosystem is currently approaching a critical point, which affects the socio-economic condition of the society. At the present time, the subject of study of economics and financial sciences should be the study of a world characterized by non-stationary changes; socio-economic and ecological crises, which in themselves are related to the multidimensionality and non-linearity of socio-economic systems. The article builds various models using the theory of catastrophe in the process of global socio-economic development, The Ways of solving them are set, the raised models are solved by the computer program Maple, solutions are given and three-dimensional graphs are constructed. For the purpose of analysis, we have selected a synergetic methodology based on the theory of self-organization of complex systems. Various methods and tools were discussed for modeling the unsustainable development of socio-economic systems of which conceptual-methodological basis is catastrophe theory. The algorithm is defined and a complex of models is built in the article, which allows us to determine the type of macroeconomic indicators, the nature of the dynamics, and to determine the possibilities for the development of crises. In the 21st century, it has become clear that the state of the global ecosystem is approaching to a critical bound and it is reflected on the socio-economic development of the society, in addition, the Covid 19 pandemic made the situation extremely tense. Gradually, we are already approaching to catastrophe with big steps. Given this situation, these types of studies are of particular importance.

Download Full-text

RECREATE THE ANCIENT URBAN LANDSCAPE. MULTIMEDIA AND INTERACTIVE TOOLS TO IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY AND ENHANCEMENT OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE OF MILAN

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w9-361-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol XLII-2/W9 ◽

pp. 361-368

Author(s):

A. Garzulino ◽

G. Zenoni

Keyword(s):

Urban Landscape ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Archaeological Sites ◽

Archaeological Heritage ◽

Representation Systems ◽

Interactive Tools ◽

Current State ◽

Full Knowledge ◽

Different Characteristics ◽

Critical Aspects

Abstract. The urban archaeological remains, especially in cities like Milan, have a number of issues closely related to the preservation and maintenance of the characteristics of each site, but today these issues appear to be equally fundamental and strictly linked to the awareness and accessibility of this hidden heritage. As part of the “Mediolanum MMXV” project, it was possible to investigate these topics by approaching areas with different characteristics and developing actions that allowed the full knowledge of the current state of these historical artefacts, highlighting the main critical aspects. The consequent activation of coordinated actions of knowledge, through a combination of three-dimensional documentation methodologies, activities of promotion and communication of the different archaeological sites in the central areas of Milan has led to the creation of a network structure aimed at creating the basis for a wider project able to increase its usability and valorisation thanks to multimedia communication and interactive virtual representation systems.

Download Full-text