scholarly journals Is a verification phase useful for confirming maximal oxygen uptake in apparently healthy adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247057
Author(s):  
Victor A. B. Costa ◽  
Adrian W. Midgley ◽  
Sean Carroll ◽  
Todd A. Astorino ◽  
Tainah de Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Phase Duration ◽  
Funnel Plot ◽  
Exercise Modality ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Background The ‘verification phase’ has emerged as a supplementary procedure to traditional maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) criteria to confirm that the highest possible VO2 has been attained during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). Objective To compare the highest VO2 responses observed in different verification phase procedures with their preceding CPET for confirmation that VO2max was likely attained. Methods MEDLINE (accessed through PubMed), Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane (accessed through Wiley) were searched for relevant studies that involved apparently healthy adults, VO2max determination by indirect calorimetry, and a CPET on a cycle ergometer or treadmill that incorporated an appended verification phase. RevMan 5.3 software was used to analyze the pooled effect of the CPET and verification phase on the highest mean VO2. Meta-analysis effect size calculations incorporated random-effects assumptions due to the diversity of experimental protocols employed. I2 was calculated to determine the heterogeneity of VO2 responses, and a funnel plot was used to check the risk of bias, within the mean VO2 responses from the primary studies. Subgroup analyses were used to test the moderator effects of sex, cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise modality, CPET protocol, and verification phase protocol. Results Eighty studies were included in the systematic review (total sample of 1,680 participants; 473 women; age 19–68 yr.; VO2max 3.3 ± 1.4 L/min or 46.9 ± 12.1 mL·kg-1·min-1). The highest mean VO2 values attained in the CPET and verification phase were similar in the 54 studies that were meta-analyzed (mean difference = 0.03 [95% CI = -0.01 to 0.06] L/min, P = 0.15). Furthermore, the difference between the CPET and verification phase was not affected by any of the potential moderators such as verification phase intensity (P = 0.11), type of recovery utilized (P = 0.36), VO2max verification criterion adoption (P = 0.29), same or alternate day verification procedure (P = 0.21), verification-phase duration (P = 0.35), or even according to sex, cardiorespiratory fitness level, exercise modality, and CPET protocol (P = 0.18 to P = 0.71). The funnel plot indicated that there was no significant publication bias. Conclusions The verification phase seems a robust procedure to confirm that the highest possible VO2 has been attained during a ramp or continuous step-incremented CPET. However, given the high concordance between the highest mean VO2 achieved in the CPET and verification phase, findings from the current study would question its necessity in all testing circumstances. PROSPERO Registration ID CRD42019123540.

Effects of strict prolonged bed rest on cardiorespiratory fitness: systematic review and meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 790-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Ried-Larsen ◽  
Hugo M. Aarts ◽  
Michael J. Joyner
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Younger Women

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis [International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42017055619] was to assess the effects of strict prolonged bed rest (without countermeasures) on maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2max) and to explore sources of variation therein. Since 1949, 80 studies with a total of 949 participants (>90% men) have been published with data on strict bed rest and V̇o2max. The studies were conducted mainly in young participants [median age (interquartile range) 24.5 (22.4–34.0) yr]. The duration of bed rest ranged from 1 to 90 days. V̇o2max declined linearly across bed rest duration. No statistical difference in the decline among studies reporting V̇o2max as l/min (−0.3% per day) compared with studies reporting V̇o2max normalized to body weight (ml·kg−1·min−1; −0.43% per day) was observed. Although both total body weight and lean body mass declined in response to bed rest, we did not see any associations with the decline in V̇o2max. However, 15–26% of the variation in the decline in V̇o2max was explained by the pre-bed-rest V̇o2max levels, independent of the duration of bed rest (i.e., higher pre-bed-rest V̇o2max levels were associated with larger declines in V̇o2max). Furthermore, the systematic review revealed a gap in the knowledge about the cardiovascular response to extreme physical inactivity, particularly in older subjects and women of any age group. In addition to its relevance to spaceflight, this lack of data has significant translational implications because younger women sometimes undergo prolonged periods of bed rest associated with the complications of pregnancy and the incidence of hospitalization including prolonged periods of bed rest increases with age. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Large interindividual responses of maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2max) to aerobic exercise training exist. However, less is known about the variability in the response of V̇o2max to prolonged bed rest. This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that pre-bed-rest V̇o2max values were inversely associated with the change in V̇o2max independent of the duration of bed rest. Moreover, we identified a large knowledge gap about the causes of decline in V̇o2max, particularly in postmenopausal women, which may have clinical implications.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Submaximal Exercise-Based Equations to Predict Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Young People

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katia Ferrar ◽  
Harrison Evans ◽  
Ashleigh Smith ◽  
Gaynor Parfitt ◽  
Roger Eston
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young People ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Exercise Mode ◽  
Selection Of

Many equations to predict maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) from submaximal exercise tests have been proposed for young people, but the composition and accuracy of these equations vary greatly. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze all submaximal exercise-based equations to predict V̇O2max measured via direct gas analysis for use with young people. Five databases were systematically searched in February 2013. Studies were included if they used a submaximal, exercise-based method to predict V̇O2max; the actual V̇O2max was gas analyzed; participants were younger than 18 years; and equations included at least one submaximal exercise-based variable. A meta-analysis and narrative synthesis were conducted. Sixteen studies were included. The mean equation validity statistic was strong, r = .786 (95% CI 0.747–0.819). Subgroup meta-analysis suggests exercise mode may contribute to the overall model, with running- and walking-based predictive equations reporting the highest mean r values (running r = .880; walking r = .821) and cycling the weakest (r = .743). Selection of the most appropriate equation should be guided by factors such as purpose, logistic limitations, appropriateness of the validation sample, the level of study bias, and the degree of accuracy. Suggestions regarding the most accurate equation for each exercise mode are provided.

scholarly journals The effect of L‐arginine supplementation on maximal oxygen uptake: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahla Rezaei ◽  
Maryam Gholamalizadeh ◽  
Reza Tabrizi ◽  
Peyman Nowrouzi‐Sohrabi ◽  
Samira Rastgoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Arginine Supplementation

A systematic review of methods to predict maximal oxygen uptake from submaximal, open circuit spirometry in healthy adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harrison J.L. Evans ◽  
Katia E. Ferrar ◽  
Ashleigh E. Smith ◽  
Gaynor Parfitt ◽  
Roger G. Eston
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Healthy Adults

scholarly journals Size Exponents for Scaling Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Over 6500 Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1405-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Lolli ◽  
Alan M. Batterham ◽  
Kathryn L. Weston ◽  
Greg Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Meta Analysis

scholarly journals Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior and Physical Fitness in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8660
Author(s):  
Fernanda M. Silva ◽  
Pedro Duarte-Mendes ◽  
Marcio Cascante Rusenhack ◽  
Meirielly Furmann ◽  
Paulo Renato Nobre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Objectively Measured

Background: Sedentary behavior has been considered an independent risk factor to health. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine associations between objectively measured sedentary time and physical fitness components in healthy adults. Methods: Four electronic databases (Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed and Sport Discus) were searched (up to 20 September 2020) to retrieve studies on healthy adults which used observational, cohort and cross-sectional designs. Studies were included if sedentary time was measured objectively and examined associations with the health- or skill-related attributes of physical fitness (e.g., muscular strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, balance). After applying additional search criteria, 21 papers (11,101 participants) were selected from an initial pool of 5192 identified papers. Results: Significant negative associations were found between total sedentary time with cardiorespiratory fitness (r = −0.164, 95%CI: −0.240, −0.086, p < 0.001), muscular strength (r = −0.147, 95%CI: −0.266, −0.024, p = 0.020) and balance (r = −0.133, 95%CI: −0.255, −0.006, p = 0.040). Conclusions: The evidence found suggests that sedentary time can be associated with poor physical fitness in adults (i.e., muscular strength, cardiorespiratory fitness and balance), so strategies should be created to encourage behavioral changes.

scholarly journals Effects of a Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet Combined with High-Intensity Interval Training on Body Composition and Maximal Oxygen Uptake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10740
Author(s):  
Jing Hu ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Bingkai Lei ◽  
Junping Li ◽  
Ruiyuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
High Intensity Interval

The low-carbohydrate high-fat (LCHF) diet has recently been subject to attention on account of its reported influences on body composition and physical performance. However, the combined effect of LCHF with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is unclear. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to explore the effect of the LCHF diet combined with HIIT on human body composition (i.e., body weight (BM), body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), body fat percentage (BFP), fat-free mass (FFM)) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Online libraries (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, CNKI, Wan Fang) were used to search initial studies until July 2021, from which 10 out of 2440 studies were included. WMD served as the effect size with a confidence interval value of 95%. The results of meta-analysis showed a significant reduction in BM (WMD = −5.299; 95% CI: −7.223, −3.376, p = 0.000), BMI (WMD = −1.150; 95% CI: −2.225, −0.075, p = 0.036), BFP (WMD = −2.787; 95% CI: −4.738, −0.835, p = 0.005) and a significant increase in VO2max (WMD = 3.311; 95% CI: 1.705, 4.918, p = 0.000), while FM (WMD = −2.221; 95% CI: −4.582, 0.139, p = 0.065) and FFM (WMD = 0.487; 95% CI: −3.512, 4.469, p = 0.814) remained unchanged. In conclusion, the LCHF diet combined with HIIT can reduce weight and fat effectively. This combination is sufficient to prevent muscle mass loss during LCHF, and further enhance VO2max. Further research might be required to clarify the effect of other types of exercise on body composition and physical performance during LCHF.

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