scholarly journals Effects of a Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet Combined with High-Intensity Interval Training on Body Composition and Maximal Oxygen Uptake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10740
Author(s):  
Jing Hu ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Bingkai Lei ◽  
Junping Li ◽  
Ruiyuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
High Intensity Interval

The low-carbohydrate high-fat (LCHF) diet has recently been subject to attention on account of its reported influences on body composition and physical performance. However, the combined effect of LCHF with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is unclear. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to explore the effect of the LCHF diet combined with HIIT on human body composition (i.e., body weight (BM), body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), body fat percentage (BFP), fat-free mass (FFM)) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Online libraries (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, CNKI, Wan Fang) were used to search initial studies until July 2021, from which 10 out of 2440 studies were included. WMD served as the effect size with a confidence interval value of 95%. The results of meta-analysis showed a significant reduction in BM (WMD = −5.299; 95% CI: −7.223, −3.376, p = 0.000), BMI (WMD = −1.150; 95% CI: −2.225, −0.075, p = 0.036), BFP (WMD = −2.787; 95% CI: −4.738, −0.835, p = 0.005) and a significant increase in VO2max (WMD = 3.311; 95% CI: 1.705, 4.918, p = 0.000), while FM (WMD = −2.221; 95% CI: −4.582, 0.139, p = 0.065) and FFM (WMD = 0.487; 95% CI: −3.512, 4.469, p = 0.814) remained unchanged. In conclusion, the LCHF diet combined with HIIT can reduce weight and fat effectively. This combination is sufficient to prevent muscle mass loss during LCHF, and further enhance VO2max. Further research might be required to clarify the effect of other types of exercise on body composition and physical performance during LCHF.

scholarly journals Effects of a Very Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet and High-Intensity Interval Training on Visceral Fat Deposition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Overfat Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Cipryan ◽  
Tomas Dostal ◽  
Martina Litschmannova ◽  
Peter Hofmann ◽  
Philip B. Maffetone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Purpose: This randomized controlled parallel-group study examined the effects of a very low-carbohydrate high-fat (VLCHF) diet and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program over 12 weeks on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) level in overfat individuals.Methods: Ninety-one participants were randomly allocated to the HIIT (N = 22), VLCHF (N = 25), VLCHF+HIIT (N = 25), or control (N = 19) groups for 12 weeks. Body composition and CRF were analyzed before the experimental period and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and graded exercise test (GXT) to volitional exhaustion were used for the body composition and CRF assessments, respectively.Results: There were significant between-group differences in the VAT mass and body composition outcome changes. VAT mass decreased after 12 weeks only in the VLCHF and VLCHF+HIIT groups (p < 0.001, median [95% CI]: VLCHF: −142.0 [−187.0; −109.5] g; VLCHF+HIIT: −104.0 [−135.0; −71.0] g). Similarly, changes in body mass, total body fat, trunk fat mass, waist and hip circumferences were distinctly decreased in the VLCHF and VLCHF+HIIT groups, when compared to HIIT and Control groups. Total lean mass significantly decreased in the VLCHF and VLCHF+HIIT groups (−2.1 [−3.0; −1.6] kg and −2.5 [−3.6; −1.8] kg, respectively) after 12 weeks. While the HIIT program significantly increased total time to exhaustion in the GXT, peak oxygen uptake was unchanged.Conclusions: A VLCHF diet, either in isolation or in combination with HIIT, was shown to induce a significant reduction in VAT mass and body composition variables. HIIT alone did not cause such effects on body composition, but improved exercise capacity. Our findings indicate that the VLCHF diet and exercise training provoked different and isolated effects on body composition and CRF.Clinical Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03934476, identifier: NCT03934476.

scholarly journals Effect of high-intensity interval training on metabolic parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245023
Author(s):  
Isis Kelly dos Santos ◽  
Fernando Antônio Santana de Souza Nunes ◽  
Victor Sabino Queiros ◽  
Ricardo Ney Cobucci ◽  
Pedro Bruch Dantas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Background Our aim was to assess the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on metabolic parameters and body composition in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods and analysis A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted using Embase, MEDLINE (via Ovid), PubMed, Sport Discus, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar (advanced feature) up to September 2020. Two authors independently screened citations and determined the risk of bias and quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Meta-analyses were conducted using random effects model. Results Seven trials (n = 423) were included in the systematic review. The studies included HIIT interventions vs. moderate exercise or control groups. Most studies were small (average 32, range 24–110 participants) and of relatively short duration (10–16 weeks). The training intensity was performed between 90% and 95% of the maximum heart rate, three times a week, for at least 10 weeks. Insulin resistance, measured using homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and body mass index (BMI) showed a significant decrease (MD −0.57; 95% CI, −0.98 to −0.16, p = 0.01), (MD −1.90, 95% CI −3.37, −0.42, p = 0.01) with moderate and high certainty of evidence, respectively. Conclusion Results support that HIIT alone is effective for reducing HOMA-IR and BMI in women with PCOS. However, evidence is limited to discern the effect of HIIT on other outcomes. Future studies with a longer duration (> 16 weeks), larger sample sizes and other outcomes are needed.

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