scholarly journals Aging steepens the slope of power spectrum density of 30-minute continuous blood pressure recording in healthy human subjects

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248428
Author(s):  
Jumpei Mano ◽  
Keita Saku ◽  
Hiroyuki Kinoshita ◽  
Hiroshi Mannoji ◽  
Shigehiko Kanaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Power Spectrum Density ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Healthy Human Subjects ◽  
Spectrum Density ◽  
Older Subjects

Background The increase of blood pressure (BP) variability (BPV) is recognized as an important additional cardiovascular risk factor in both normotensive subjects and hypertensive patients. Aging-induced atherosclerosis and autonomic dysfunction impair the baroreflex and, in turn, augment 24-hour BPV. In small and large animal experiments, impaired baroreflex steepens the slope of the power spectrum density (PSD) of continuous BP in the frequency range of 0.01 to 0.1 Hz. Although the repeated oscillometric BP recording over 24 hours or longer is a prerequisite to quantify BPV in humans, how the very short-term continuous BP recording reflects BPV remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of aging on the very short-term (30-min) BPV in healthy human subjects by frequency analysis. Methods We recorded continuous BP tonometrically for 30 min in 56 healthy subjects aged between 28 and 85 years. Considering the frequency-dependence of the baroreflex dynamic function, we estimated the PSD of BP in the frequency range of 0.01 to 0.1 Hz, and compared the characteristics of PSD among four age groups (26–40, 41–55, 56–70 and 71–85 years). Results Aging did not significantly alter mean and standard deviation (SD) of BP among four age groups. PSD was nearly flat around 0.01 Hz and decreased gradually as the frequency increased. The slope of PSD between 0.01 and 0.1 Hz was steeper in older subjects (71 years or older) than in younger subjects (55 years or younger) (p < 0.05). Conclusions Aging steepened the slope of PSD of BP between 0.01 and 0.1 Hz. This phenomenon may partly be related to the deterioration of the baroreflex in older subjects. Our proposed method to evaluate very short-term continuous BP recordings may contribute to the stratification of BPV.

scholarly journals Combined effects of moderate exercise and short-term fasting on markers of immune function in healthy human subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (6) ◽  
pp. R1103-R1115
Author(s):  
Frank C. Mooren ◽  
Karsten Krueger ◽  
Robert Ringseis ◽  
Klaus Eder ◽  
Gerhard Liebisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
T Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Healthy Human Subjects ◽  
Neutrophil Oxidative Burst

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a short-term (36 h) fasting period combined with an acute bout of exercise on markers of immune function and inflammation in healthy human subjects. Fourteen moderately trained male subjects (aged 19–39 yr) participated in a 36-h fasting trial (FA-T), followed by an acute bout of moderate exercise (60% V̇o2max). After 1 wk, the same subjects, as their own control, participated in a nonfasting trial (NFA-T) in which they performed an exercise trial of the same duration and intensity. Blood samples were taken before, immediately after, and 1 h after each exercise bout and analyzed for several immunological and metabolic markers. At baseline, fasting subjects showed lower levels of T cell apoptosis, lymphocyte-proliferative responses, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), insulin, and leptin ( P < 0.05) as well as higher levels of neutrophil oxidative burst and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) than those in the NFA-T ( P < 0.05). After the exercise protocol, fasted subjects revealed higher T cell apoptosis, neutrophil oxidative burst, TBARS, TNFα, and MCP-1 levels as well as lower levels of lymphocyte-proliferative response, IL-6, insulin, and leptin than those in the NFA-T ( P < 0.05). Short-term fasting aggravates perturbations in markers of immune function, and inflammation was induced by an acute moderate-intensity exercise protocol.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular responses to the ingestion of sugary drinks using a randomised cross-over study design: does glucose attenuate the blood pressure-elevating effect of fructose?

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik K. Grasser ◽  
Abdul Dulloo ◽  
Jean-Pierre Montani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Sugary Drinks ◽  
Healthy Human Subjects ◽  
Microvascular Endothelial ◽  
Microvascular Endothelial Function

Overconsumption of sugar-sweetened beverages has been implicated in the pathogenesis of CVD. The objective of the present study was to elucidate acute haemodynamic and microcirculatory responses to the ingestion of sugary drinks made from sucrose, glucose or fructose at concentrations similar to those often found in commercial soft drinks. In a randomised cross-over study design, twelve young healthy human subjects (seven men) ingested 500 ml tap water in which was dissolved 60 g of either sucrose, glucose or fructose, or an amount of fructose equivalent to that present in sucrose (i.e. 30 g fructose). Continuous cardiovascular monitoring was performed for 30 min before and at 60 min after ingestion of sugary drinks, and measurements included beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP) and impedance cardiography. Additionally, microvascular endothelial function testing was performed after iontophoresis of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside using laser Doppler flowmetry. Ingestion of fructose (60 or 30 g) increased diastolic and mean BP to a greater extent than the ingestion of 60 g of either glucose or sucrose (P< 0·05). Ingestion of sucrose and glucose increased cardiac output (CO; P< 0·05), index of contractility (P< 0·05) and stroke volume (P< 0·05), but reduced total peripheral resistance (TPR; P< 0·05), which contrasts with the tendency of fructose (60 and 30 g) to increase resistance. Microvascular endothelial function did not differ in response to the ingestion of various sugary drinks. In conclusion, ingestion of fructose, but not sucrose, increases BP in healthy human subjects. Although sucrose comprises glucose and fructose, its changes in TPR and CO are more related to glucose than to fructose.

Habituation and short-term repeatability of thermal testing in healthy human subjects and patients with chronic non-neuropathic pain

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 779-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Maria Santos Agostinho ◽  
Andrea Scherens ◽  
Helmut Richter ◽  
Claudia Schaub ◽  
Roman Rolke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Thermal Testing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Healthy Human Subjects

scholarly journals Effects of short-term mild hypercapnia during head-down tilt on intracranial pressure and ocular structures in healthy human subjects

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. e13302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven S. Laurie ◽  
Gianmarco Vizzeri ◽  
Giovanni Taibbi ◽  
Connor R. Ferguson ◽  
Xiao Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Healthy Human Subjects

Pharmacodynamic Interactions Between Infused Adenosine and Oral Theophylline

1991 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil A. Minton ◽  
John A. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Adenosine Infusion ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Healthy Human Subjects ◽  
Single Blind

1 Five healthy human subjects were given, in single-blind fashion, either (a) 625 mg theophylline orally, followed 4 h later, by a 40 min infusion of adenosine (40 μg kg -1 min-1 for 5 min, 60 μg kg-1 min -1 for 5 min and 80 μg kg-1 min-1 for 30 min), or (b) 625 mg theophylline orally followed by 0.9% sodium chloride infusion, or (c) placebo theophylline tablets followed by adenosine infusion. 2 All five subjects experienced adverse effects during adenosine infusion, mainly at the higher infusion rates; two subjects also experienced chest pain but not during combined treatment with theophylline and adenosine. 3 Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) rose by 16.5 mmHg ( P < 0.001) following treatment with theophylline only, fell by 24.5 mmHg ( P < 0.001) during the adenosine infusion after placebo theophylline and remained unchanged during the adenosine infusion following theophylline. Pulse rate rose by 12 min -1 ( P < 0.01) during adenosine infusion following placebo, but not after theophylline alone or theophylline and adenosine combined. 4 The respiratory rate fell by 6 min-1 ( P < 0.01) during treatment with adenosine only, being lower than for the two treatments containing theophylline ( P < 0.05). 5 Plasma potassium and magnesium fell by 0.25 mmol I-1 ( P < 0.001) and 0.037 mmol I-1 ( P < 0.05), respectively, during treatment with theophylline only, but these effects were not altered by infusion of adenosine. 6 This study has demonstrated interactions between theophylline and adenosine on diastolic blood pressure and respiratory rate, but no interaction on metabolic parameters. Adenosine infusion is unlikely to be of value in the management of theophylline toxicity, but its effects on theophylline-induced cardiac arrhythmias remain unexplored.

scholarly journals Changes in plasma fibronectin during acute nutritional deprivation in healthy human subjects

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. D. Chadwick ◽  
A. J. W. Sim ◽  
H. A. F. Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Reticuloendothelial System ◽  
Starvation Period ◽  
Plasma Fibronectin ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Nutritional Deprivation ◽  
Healthy Human Subjects

1. Plasma fibronectin, a glycoprotein, is an opsonin of the reticuloendothelial system.2. In ten healthy volunteers starved for 4.5 d, daily measurements showed a rapid reduction in plasma fibronectin, no alteration in either C3 or plasma transferrin and, at the end of the starvation period, an elevated serum albumin.3. On refeeding, plasma fibronectin rapidly returned to its prestarvation level but plasma transferrin was significantly reduced and did not recover by the end of the study.4. Changes in plasma fibronectin may be a sensitive index of nutritional status. The reduction of plasma fibronectin in short-term starvation may compromise host defence tolerance of injury and sepsis.

scholarly journals Short-term Effects of Transcranial Near-Infrared Photobiomodulation on Motor Performance in Healthy Human Subjects: An Experimental SingleBlind Randomized Clinical Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-323
Author(s):  
Atefeh Fekri ◽  
Ali Jahan ◽  
Maryam Moghadam Salimi ◽  
Ali E. Oskouei
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Healthy Human Subjects ◽  
Short Term Effects

Introduction: Transcranial near-infrared photobiomodulation (NIR-PBM) is a new noninvasive procedure which transcranially applies a near-infrared wavelength to the scalp with a laser or a light-emitting diode (LED) source. Improvement in the neurological or psychological symptoms has been reported following light irradiation. However, to our knowledge, there is no study to investigate the effects of transcranial NIR-PBM on motor performance directly. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of transcranial NIR-PBM on motor performance in healthy human subjects. Methods: In this experimental single-blind randomized clinical trial study, 56 right-handed healthy participants, whose ages ranged from 18 to 30, were randomly assigned to (1) Real transcranial NIR-PBMC3 group (n=14), (2) Sham transcranial NIR-PBMC3 group (n=14), (3) Real transcranial NIR-PBMC4 group (n=14), and (4) Sham transcranial NIR-PBMC4 group (n=14). We applied the 808 nm laser with irradiation energy density of 60 J/cm2 and power density of 200 mw/cm2 to the C3 or C4 points of the scalp. The number of finger taps as an indicator of motor performance was assessed by the finger-tapping test (FTT) before and after irradiation of transcranial NIR-PBM on the corresponding points of the scalp for 5 minutes. Results: The results showed that the number of finger taps in both right and left hands following the use of transcranial NIR-PBM in the real transcranial NIR-PBMC3 group significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusion: We concluded that using transcranial NIR-PBM with a laser source on C3 point of the motor cortex in right-handed healthy people can increase the number of finger taps in both hands as an indicator of motor performance improvement.

scholarly journals Influence of Essential Ginger Oil on Human Psychophysiology after Inhalation and Dermal Application

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601101
Author(s):  
Iris Stappen ◽  
Anna-Sofie Hoelzl ◽  
Olivera Randjelovic ◽  
Juergen Wanner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Zingiber Officinale Roscoe ◽  
Healthy Human Subjects ◽  
Dermal Application

The influence of essential ginger oil ( Zingiberis aetheroleum from Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on blood pressure, heart rate and subjective well-being was investigated after inhalation and dermal application on healthy human subjects in two experiments. Additionally a GC-MS analysis of the tested oil is given. The essential oil exhibited a high amount of citral (19.4%). α-Zingiberene (17.4%), camphene (7.8%), trans, trans-α-farnesene (6.8%) and β-bisabolene (5.8%) were also prominent constituents. Compared with the control condition an activating effect was observed for ginger oil in the inhalation experiment.

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