scholarly journals Incidence and predictors of mortality among patients with head injury admitted to Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia: A retrospective follow-up study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0254245
Author(s):  
Desalegn Dawit Assele ◽  
Tigabu Addisu Lendado ◽  
Merid Assefa Awato ◽  
Shimelash Bitew Workie ◽  
Wolde Facha Faltamo
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Global Test ◽  
Predictors Of Mortality ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Severe Tbi ◽  
Hawassa University

Introduction Head injury is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, especially in resource-limited countries including Ethiopia. However, little is known about the mortality rate and its predictors among these patients in Ethiopia. Thus, the study aims to assess the incidence rate of mortality and its predictors among patients with head injury admitted at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Methods Institutional based retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 1220 randomly selected head injury patients admitted from July 2017 to July 2019. Bivariable and multivariable Cox regression models were fitted to identify the predictors of mortality. Proportionality assumption was tested by a global test based on the Schoenfeld residuals test. Results The incidence of the mortality rate was 2.26 (95%CI: 1.9–2.6) per 100-person day observation. The independent predictors of time to death were age above 65 years (AHR:3.49, 95%CI:1.63, 7.48), severe TBI (AHR: 8.8, 95%CI:5.13, 15.0), moderate TBI (AHR:3, 95%CI:1.73,5.31), hypotension (AHR:1.72, 95%CI: 1.11,2.66), hypoxia (AHR:1.92, 95%CI: 1.33,2.76), hyperthermia (AHR:1.8, 95%CI: 1.23,2.63) and hypoglycemic (AHR:1.94, 95%CI: 1.34, 2.81) positively associated with mortality, while underwent neurosurgery was negatively associated with mortality (AHR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.11,0.53). Conclusion The incidence of mortality rate among head injury patients was high. Older age, moderate and severe TBI, hypotension and hypoxia at admission, neurosurgical procedure, and the episode of hyperthermia and hypoglycemia during hospitalization were the independent predictors of mortality among head injury patients. Therefore, intervention to reduce earlier deaths should focus on the prevention of secondary brain insults.

scholarly journals Estimation of lifetime survival and predictors of mortality among TB with HIV co-infected children after test and treat strategies launched in Northwest, Ethiopia, 2021; a multicentre historical follow-up study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0258964
Author(s):  
Ermias Sisay Chanie ◽  
Getnet Asmare Gelaye ◽  
Tesfaye Yimer Tadesse ◽  
Dejen Getaneh feleke ◽  
Wubet Taklual Admas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Predictors Of Mortality ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Introduction In resource-limited settings, the mortality rate among tuberculosis and human Immunodeficiency virus co-infected children is higher. However, there is no adequate evidence in Ethiopia in general and in the study area in particular. Hence, this study aims to estimate lifetime survival and predictors of mortality among TB with HIV co-infected children after test and treat strategies launched in Northwest Ethiopia Hospitals, 2021. Methods Institution-based historical follow-up study was conducted in Northwest Ethiopia Hospitals among 227 Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus co-infected children from March 1, 2014, to January 12, 2021. The data were entered into Epi info-7 and then exported to STATA version 14 for analysis. The log-rank test was used to estimate the curve difference of the predictor variables. Bivariable cox-proportional hazard models were employed for each predictor variable. Additionally, those variables having a p-value < 0.25 in bivariate analysis were fitted into a multivariable cox-proportional hazards model. P-value < 0.05 was used to declare significance associated with the dependent variable. Results From a total of 227 TB and HIV co-infected children, 39 died during the follow-up period. The overall mortality rate was 3.7 (95% CI (confidence interval): 2.9–4.7) per 100 person-years with a total of 1063.2-year observations. Cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT) non-users [Adjusted Hazarded Ratio (AHR) = 3.8 (95% CI: 1.64–8.86)], presence of treatment failure [AHR = 3.0 (95% CI: 1.14–78.17)], and Cluster of differentiation 4(CD4) count below threshold [AHR = 2.7 (95% CI: 1.21–6.45)] were significant predictors of mortality. Conclusion In this study, the mortality rate among TB and HIV co-infected children was found to be very high. The risk of mortality among TB and HIV co-infected children was associated with treatment failure, CD4 count below the threshold, and cotrimoxazole preventive therapy non-users. Further research should conduct to assess and improve the quality of ART service in Northwest Ethiopia Hospitals.

scholarly journals Predictors of mortality in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Thompson ◽  
◽  
J. Nelson ◽  
H. Kim ◽  
L. Pawlikowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Gi Bleeding ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Predictors Of Mortality

Abstract Background Retrospective questionnaire and healthcare administrative data suggest reduced life expectancy in untreated hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). Prospective data suggests similar mortality, to the general population, in Denmark’s centre-treated HHT patients. However, clinical phenotypes vary widely in HHT, likely affecting mortality. We aimed to measure predictors of mortality among centre-treated HHT patients. HHT patients were recruited at 14 HHT centres of the Brain Vascular Malformation Consortium (BVMC) since 2010 and followed annually. Vital status, organ vascular malformations (VMs) and clinical symptoms data were collected at baseline and during follow-up (N = 1286). We tested whether organ VMs, HHT symptoms and HHT genes were associated with increased mortality using Cox regression analysis, adjusting for patient age, sex, and smoking status. Results 59 deaths occurred over average follow-up time of 3.4 years (max 8.6 years). A history of anemia was associated with increased mortality (HR = 2.93, 95% CI 1.37–6.26, p = 0.006), as were gastro-intestinal (GI) bleeding (HR = 2.63, 95% CI 1.46–4.74, p = 0.001), and symptomatic liver VMs (HR = 2.10, 95% CI 1.15–3.84, p = 0.015). Brain VMs and pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) were not associated with mortality (p > 0.05). Patients with SMAD4 mutation had significantly higher mortality (HR = 18.36, 95% CI 5.60–60.20, p < 0.001) compared to patients with ACVRL1 or ENG mutation, but this estimate is imprecise given the rarity of SMAD4 patients (n = 33, 4 deaths). Conclusions Chronic GI bleeding, anemia and symptomatic liver VMs are associated with increased mortality in HHT patients, independent of age, and in keeping with the limited treatment options for these aspects of HHT. Conversely, mortality does not appear to be associated with pulmonary AVMs or brain VMs, for which patients are routinely screened and treated preventatively at HHT Centres. This demonstrates the need for development of new therapies to treat chronic anemia, GI bleeding, and symptomatic liver VMs in order to reduce mortality among HHT patients.

Predictors of Mortality in Alcoholic Women: A Prospective Follow-up Study

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Smith ◽  
C. Robert Cloninger ◽  
Susan Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Predictors Of Mortality ◽  
Follow Up Study

WHOQOL-BREF as predictors of mortality: A two-year follow-up study at veteran homes

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1443-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senyeong Kao ◽  
Kuan-Lang Lai ◽  
Herng-Ching Lin ◽  
Hong-Shen Lee ◽  
Hsyien-Chia Wen
Keyword(s):  
Predictors Of Mortality ◽  
Follow Up Study

Association between Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in childhood and schizophrenia later in adulthood

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dalsgaard ◽  
P.B. Mortensen ◽  
M. Frydenberg ◽  
C.M. Maibing ◽  
M. Nordentoft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cox Regression ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Background Population ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Risk Ratios

AbstractPurpose:To estimate the risk of schizophrenia in adulthood among children and adolescents with ADHD compared to the background population.Subjects/materials and methods:Two hundred and eight youths with ADHD (183 boys; 25 girls) were followed prospectively. Diagnoses of schizophrenia were obtained from The Danish Psychiatric Central Register. The relative risk (RR) of schizophrenia for cases with ADHD, compared to the normal population, was calculated as risk ratios. Hazard ratios (HR's) by Cox regression were calculated in the predictor analyses.Results:Mean age for ADHD cases at follow-up was 31.1 years. Schizophrenia diagnoses were given to 3.8% of these cases. Compared to the general population, RR of schizophrenia in cases with ADHD was 4.3 (95% CI 1.9–8.57).Discussion and conclusion:This prospective follow-up study found children with ADHD to be at higher risk of later schizophrenia than controls. If replicated, these results warrant increased focus on the possible emergence symptoms of schizophrenia or schizophreniform psychosis during clinical follow-up of patients with ADHD.

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