scholarly journals Estimation of lifetime survival and predictors of mortality among TB with HIV co-infected children after test and treat strategies launched in Northwest, Ethiopia, 2021; a multicentre historical follow-up study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0258964
Author(s):  
Ermias Sisay Chanie ◽  
Getnet Asmare Gelaye ◽  
Tesfaye Yimer Tadesse ◽  
Dejen Getaneh feleke ◽  
Wubet Taklual Admas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Predictors Of Mortality ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Introduction In resource-limited settings, the mortality rate among tuberculosis and human Immunodeficiency virus co-infected children is higher. However, there is no adequate evidence in Ethiopia in general and in the study area in particular. Hence, this study aims to estimate lifetime survival and predictors of mortality among TB with HIV co-infected children after test and treat strategies launched in Northwest Ethiopia Hospitals, 2021. Methods Institution-based historical follow-up study was conducted in Northwest Ethiopia Hospitals among 227 Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus co-infected children from March 1, 2014, to January 12, 2021. The data were entered into Epi info-7 and then exported to STATA version 14 for analysis. The log-rank test was used to estimate the curve difference of the predictor variables. Bivariable cox-proportional hazard models were employed for each predictor variable. Additionally, those variables having a p-value < 0.25 in bivariate analysis were fitted into a multivariable cox-proportional hazards model. P-value < 0.05 was used to declare significance associated with the dependent variable. Results From a total of 227 TB and HIV co-infected children, 39 died during the follow-up period. The overall mortality rate was 3.7 (95% CI (confidence interval): 2.9–4.7) per 100 person-years with a total of 1063.2-year observations. Cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT) non-users [Adjusted Hazarded Ratio (AHR) = 3.8 (95% CI: 1.64–8.86)], presence of treatment failure [AHR = 3.0 (95% CI: 1.14–78.17)], and Cluster of differentiation 4(CD4) count below threshold [AHR = 2.7 (95% CI: 1.21–6.45)] were significant predictors of mortality. Conclusion In this study, the mortality rate among TB and HIV co-infected children was found to be very high. The risk of mortality among TB and HIV co-infected children was associated with treatment failure, CD4 count below the threshold, and cotrimoxazole preventive therapy non-users. Further research should conduct to assess and improve the quality of ART service in Northwest Ethiopia Hospitals.

scholarly journals Effect of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy on the Incidence of Tuberculosis among Seropositive Children Attending HIV/AIDS Care in Two General Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fassikaw Kebede ◽  
Birhanu Kebede ◽  
Tsehay Kebede ◽  
Melaku Agmasu
Keyword(s):  
Cox Regression ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Concomitant Administration ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Isoniazid Preventive Therapy ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Human Immune Deficiency Virus

The human immune deficiency virus (HIV) is the strongest risk factor for the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) by way of reactivation of latent or new infection. The provision of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) is one of the public health interventions for the prevention of TB. To date, there have been limited clinical data regarding the effectiveness of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) on TB incidence. This study aimed to assess the effect of isoniazid preventive therapy on the incidence of tuberculosis for seropositive children in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods. A facility-based retrospective follow-up was employed for reviewing 421 files from 1 January 2015 up to 30 December 2019. EpiData version 3.2 and Stata/14 software were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Categorical variables at bivariable Cox regression were assessed for candidates transferred at P value <0.25 for multivariable Cox regression to claiming predictors associated with TB incidence rate at 95% CI at P < 0.005 . Result. The overall incidence of TB was found to be 4.99 cases per 100 person-years at 95% CI (3.89–6.53). Missed IPT (AHR = 7.45, 95% CI: 2.96, 18.74, P < 0.001 ), missed cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT) (AHR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.84–4.74, P < 0.022 ), age ≥ 11 years (AHR = 4.2, 95% CI: 1.04–7.03, P < 0.048 ), MUAC ≤ 11.5 cm (AHR = 4.36, 95% CI: 1.97–9.97, P < 0.001 ), WHO stages III and IV (AHR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.12–3.74, P < 0.022 ), and CD4 count ≤100 cells/μl (AHR = 3.96, 95% CI: 1.52–10.34, P < 0.005 ) were significantly associated with TB incidence. Conclusion. Concomitant administration of ART with IPT had demoted more than ninety-six percent of new TB incidences for this report. Undertaking in-depth TB screening and frequent follow-up among all these children is critical in order to prevent and control tuberculosis.

The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in human immunodeficiency virus–infected women: a 5-year follow-up study

2011 ◽  
Vol 204 (2) ◽  
pp. 126.e1-126.e4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oskari Heikinheimo ◽  
Päivi Lehtovirta ◽  
Inka Aho ◽  
Matti Ristola ◽  
Jorma Paavonen
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Analysis of viral load change in Case of HIV/AIDS Patients under ART Follow-up in Arba Minch General Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markos Erango ◽  
Kabtamu Gergiso ◽  
Sultan Hebo
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Isoniazid Preventive Therapy ◽  
Adherence Level ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background: Monitoring human immunodeficiency virus plasma viral load over time is critical to identify virologic treatment failure in patients taking antiretroviral therapy. The aim of this study was to determine whether the overtime viral load changes depends on patient characteristic measured at baseline of human immunodeficiency virus patients at Arba Minch General Hospital.Methods: This prospective follow up study was conducted using data obtained from medical records, patient interviews, and laboratory workup for six months. The study was employed among 152 adult patients that were selected by systematic random sampling. Longitudinal data analysis that accounts for the correlated nature of the data handled through linear mixed effect models were used to fit the data set in this study.Result: The mean viral load declines over time for each of the adherence level groups. The estimates of linear (p = 0.0006) and quadratic visit time (p=0.0256) effects and the baseline characteristics sex, age, adherence level, and Isoniazid preventive therapy had significant effects on change of viral load of patients over time. Conclusion: In order to improve the status of the patient’s viral load over time, considering the patients’ differences in adherence to antiretroviral therapy, sex, age, and Isoniazid preventive therapy are important.

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