scholarly journals Electrophysiological priming effects demonstrate independence and overlap of visual regularity representations in the extrastriate cortex

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254361
Author(s):  
Alexis D. J. Makin ◽  
John Tyson-Carr ◽  
Yiovanna Derpsch ◽  
Giulia Rampone ◽  
Marco Bertamini
Keyword(s):  
Rotational Symmetry ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Horizontal Axis ◽  
Retinal Location ◽  
New Method ◽  
Extrastriate Cortex ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Axis Orientation ◽  
Visual Patterns ◽  
Orientation Experiment

An Event Related Potential (ERP) component called the Sustained Posterior Negativity (SPN) is generated by regular visual patterns (e.g. vertical reflectional symmetry, horizontal reflectional symmetry or rotational symmetry). Behavioural studies suggest symmetry becomes increasingly salient when the exemplars update rapidly. In line with this, Experiment 1 (N = 48) found that SPN amplitude increased when three different reflectional symmetry patterns were presented sequentially. We call this effect ‘SPN priming’. We then exploited SPN priming to investigate independence of different symmetry representations. SPN priming did not survive changes in retinal location (Experiment 2, N = 48) or non-orthogonal changes in axis orientation (Experiment 3, N = 48). However, SPN priming transferred between vertical and horizontal axis orientations (Experiment 4, N = 48) and between reflectional and rotational symmetry (Experiment 5, N = 48). SPN priming is interesting in itself, and a useful new method for identifying functional boundaries of the symmetry response. We conclude that visual regularities at different retinal locations are coded independently. However, there is some overlap between different regularities presented at the same retinal location.

scholarly journals A new ERP repetition paradigm to assess independence of regularity representations in the extrastriate cortex.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis David James Makin ◽  
John Tyson-Carr ◽  
Marco Bertamini ◽  
Yiovanna Derpsch ◽  
Giulia Rampone
Keyword(s):  
Rotational Symmetry ◽  
Retinal Location ◽  
Extrastriate Cortex ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Repetition Effects ◽  
Axis Orientation ◽  
Visual Patterns ◽  
Neural Populations ◽  
Orientation Experiment ◽  
The Brain

An ERP component called the Sustained Posterior Negativity (SPN) indexes the brain response to regularity in visual patterns (e.g. vertical reflectional symmetry, horizontal reflectional symmetry or rotational symmetry). However it is unclear if different regularities are coded by independent or overlapping neural populations. Previous work has successfully exploited repetition effects to assess representational independence, and we adapted this approach to investigate visual regularity. Experiment 1 (N = 48) found that SPN amplitude increased when three reflectional symmetry patterns were presented sequentially. This SPN priming effect did not survive changes in retinal location (Experiment 2, N = 48) or non-orthogonal changes in axis orientation (Experiment 3, N= 48). However, SPN priming transferred between vertical and horizontal axis orientation (Experiment 4, N= 48) and between reflectional and rotational symmetry (Experiment 5, N= 48). We conclude that visual regularities at different retinal locations are coded independently. However, there is some overlap between different regularities presented at the same retinal location.

scholarly journals Multiple sources of positive- and negative-priming effects: An event-related potential study

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Gibbons ◽  
Thomas H. Rammsayer ◽  
Jutta Stahl
Keyword(s):  
Negative Priming ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Potential Study

scholarly journals Neural Correlates of Correct and Errant Attentional Selection Revealed Through N2pc and Frontal Eye Field Activity

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 2433-2441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Heitz ◽  
Jeremiah Y. Cohen ◽  
Geoffrey F. Woodman ◽  
Jeffrey D. Schall
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Covert Attention ◽  
Extrastriate Cortex ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Frontal Eye Field ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Eye Field

The goal of this study was to obtain a better understanding of the physiological basis of errors of visual search. Previous research has shown that search errors occur when visual neurons in the frontal eye field (FEF) treat distractors as if they were targets. We replicated this finding during an inefficient form search and extended it by measuring simultaneously a macaque homologue of an event-related potential indexing the allocation of covert attention known as the m-N2pc. Based on recent work, we expected errors of selection in FEF to propagate to areas of extrastriate cortex responsible for allocating attention and implicated in the generation of the m-N2pc. Consistent with this prediction, we discovered that when FEF neurons selected a distractor instead of the search target, the m-N2pc shifted in the same, incorrect direction prior to the erroneous saccade. This suggests that such errors are due to a systematic misorienting of attention from the initial stages of visual processing. Our analyses also revealed distinct neural correlates of false alarms and guesses. These results demonstrate that errant gaze shifts during visual search arise from errant attentional processing.

Development of a new method for assembling adjustable cylindrical joints

2020 ◽  
pp. 387-390
Author(s):  
M.E. Zakharova ◽  
D.R. Tarasov
Keyword(s):  
Relative Position ◽  
Horizontal Axis ◽  
New Method ◽  
Adhesive Compositions

А new method for assembling cylindrical joints with a horizontal axis of assembly using adhesive compositions with the ability to regulate the relative position of the mating parts was developed. A constructive scheme of the assembly using the developed method is proposed.

The locus of Katakana–English masked phonological priming effects

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIKO ANDO ◽  
KAZUNAGA MATSUKI ◽  
HEATHER SHERIDAN ◽  
DEBRA JARED
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Phonological Priming ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Orthographic Representations ◽  
Latency Distributions ◽  
Japanese English

Japanese–English bilinguals completed a masked phonological priming study with Japanese Katakana primes and English targets. Event related potential (ERP) data were collected in addition to lexical decision responses. A cross-script phonological priming effect was observed in both measures, and the effect did not interact with frequency. In the ERP data, the phonological priming effect was evident before the frequency effect. These data, along with analyses of response latency distributions, provide evidence that the cross-script phonological priming effects were the consequence of the activation of sublexical phonological representations in a store shared by both Japanese and English. This activation fed back to sublexical and lexical orthographic representations, influencing lexical decision latencies. The implications for the Bilingual Interactive Activation (BIA+) model of word recognition are discussed.

Attentional Modulation of Unconscious “Automatic” Processes: Evidence from Event-related Potentials in a Masked Priming Paradigm

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Kiefer ◽  
Doreen Brendel
Keyword(s):  
Priming Effect ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Automatic Processes ◽  
Temporal Attention ◽  
Attentional Modulation ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Related Potentials

Automatic processes are usually thought to occur independently of any cognitive resources. This traditional view has been recently challenged by showing that temporal attention to a target stimulus is a prerequisite for “automatic” response priming. The event-related potential (ERP) study reported here extends this research by pursuing a somewhat different approach. In two experiments, it was investigated whether masked semantic priming effects can be modulated by temporal attention to the prime using a cueing procedure. We hypothesized that masked priming is amplified when attention is directed to the stimulus stream in the time window of masked prime presentation, even in the absence of any prime awareness. ERPs were recorded while subjects performed a primed lexical decision task. Target words were preceded by semantically related or unrelated masked prime words, which were not consciously identified. A cue stimulus prompted subjects to direct their attention to the stimulus stream either shortly before the masked prime (short cue interval) or a long time interval before. Priming affected the amplitude of the N400 ERP component, an electrophysiological index of semantic processing. Unrelated prime–target pairs elicited a larger N400 than related pairs (N400 priming effect). Most importantly, this masked N400 priming effect was strongest when the cue interval and the stimulus onset asynchronies were short. The present results show that temporal attention to the prime is a prerequisite for obtaining masked N400 priming effects. They also demonstrate that unconscious automatic processes are susceptible to attentional modulation.

Repetition Priming Effects in Proficient Mandarin–Cantonese and Cantonese–Mandarin Bidialectals: An Event-Related Potential Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1367-1383
Author(s):  
Aiwen Yi ◽  
Zhuoming Chen ◽  
Yanqun Chang ◽  
Shu Zhou ◽  
Limei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repetition Priming ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Potential Study
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