scholarly journals Assessing national cervical cancer screening guidelines: Results from an HIV testing clinic also screening for cervical cancer and HPV in Soweto, South Africa

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0255124
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Hopkins ◽  
Maya Jaffer ◽  
Khuthadzo E. Hlongwane ◽  
Kennedy Otwombe ◽  
Janan Dietrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Hiv Negative

Objective A screening centre in Soweto, South Africa (SA), investigated high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV), HIV, cervical cancer risk amongst women. Methods This cross-sectional study (June 2018-March 2019) describes screening results (Roche Linear Array HPV test and Pap smear liquid based cytology) and history of screening (known HIV status, antiretroviral therapy [ART] use, previous Pap smears). Data were stratified by age group (18–29, 30+ years), HIV status, Pap smear results and tested for statistical significance. Results Of 280 women, 20.4% were HIV-positive, 18.2% had abnormal Pap smears, 41.8% had HR-HPV. Of older women, 48.2% (n = 78/162) had never had a Pap smear. Of younger women, 89.0% (n = 105/118) never had a Pap smear, but had significantly more low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and other HR-HPV infection than older women (12.7%[n = 15/118] vs 4.9%[n = 8/162], p = 0.0193; and 49.2%[n = 58/118] vs 29.0%[n = 47/162], p = 0.0006; respectively). HIV-positive women had more abnormal cytology results and infection with other HR-HPV types or co-infection with other HR-HPV type(s)/HPV-16 compared to HIV-negative women (35.1%[n = 20/57] vs 13.9%[n = 31/223], p = 0.0002; 56.1%[n = 32/57] vs 32.7%[n = 73/223], p = 0.001; and 12.3%[n = 7/57] vs 4.9%[n = 11/223], p = 0.044; respectively). Of 57 HIV-positive women, 45.6% (n = 26) already knew their HIV status; of which 69.2% were on ART and 34.6% never had a Pap smear. Conclusion South African women have high rates of HIV, Pap smear abnormalities and HR-HPV, with low cervical cancer screening coverage. SA cervical cancer screening policy excludes (undiagnosed) HIV-positive and HIV-negative women <30 years, both populations found to have high prevalence of HR-HPV. HPV-based primary screening from 25 years could improve outcomes.

scholarly journals A Decade of Cervical Cancer Screening: Trends of Incidence in Zambia (2007-2017)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 33s-33s ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Matambo ◽  
A. Manasyan ◽  
S. Kapambwe
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cervical Precancer

Background: Cervical cancer is a highly preventable disease and the major cause of cancer related illness and deaths in Africa. Cervical cancer screening to find precancers before becoming invasive cancer is a well-proven way to prevent cervical cancer. In Zambia alone, over 2000 cervical cancer cases are diagnosed each year accounting for over 30% of new cancer cases with a mortality of above 35%. Women access screening services regardless of HIV status as long as they are sexually active. Cervical cancer screening for HIV-positive women in Zambia remains low despite the high burden of the disease among this population. Aim: We aimed to determine the trends of incidence of cervical precancer lesions among women who ever presented for screening in Lusaka. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 95,520 women who presented for cervical cancer screening between 2007 and 2017 at 11 Lusaka district clinics that provide cervical cancer screening. Data were merged from these clinics and cleaned. Descriptive analyses and Logistic regression for data analysis was conducted. Results: The study showed that the mean age of screening among women that were HIV negative and HIV-positive was 34 years. About 12% of the women that screened had a positive VIA result from which 59% were HIV-positive. Results also showed the odds of 4 to be VIA positive when one is HIV-positive. Conclusion: We have data to show that there is an increased risk among HIV-positive women to be VIA positive in Zambia. HIV infected women should be targeted as priority for cervical cancer screening especially in the resource limited countries. Resources directed to HIV care programs in these settings should be leveraged and include cervical cancer screening.

scholarly journals Cervical cancer screening service utilization and associated factors among HIV positive women attending adult ART clinic in public health facilities, Hawassa town, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiyu Ayalew Assefa ◽  
Feleke Hailemichael Astawesegn ◽  
Bethlehem Eshetu
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Partner Support ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Screening Service ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Positive Women

Abstract Background In Ethiopia, cervical cancer is a public health concern, as it is the second most cause of cancer deaths among reproductive age women and it affects the country’s most vulnerable groups like; rural, poor, and HIV-positive women. Despite the strong evidence that cervical cancer screening results in decreased mortality from this disease, its utilization remains low. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2 to April 1/2019 to assess the level and factors affecting utilization of cervical cancer screening among HIV positive women in Hawassa town. Quantitative data collection methods were used. Data were gathered using a structured and pretested questionnaire. Epi-Info version 7 and SPSS version 23 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. Statistically significant association of variables was determined based on Adjusted Odds ratio with its 95% confidence interval and p-value of ≤0.05. Results Of the 342 women interviewed, 40.1% (95% CI: 35.00, 45.33%) of them were screened. Having a post primary education (AOR = 5.1, 95% CI: 1.8, 14.5), less than 500 cell/mm3 CD4 count (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.2, 5.9); duration since HIV diagnosis (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI: 2.1, 8.5), partner support (AOR = 4.7, 95% CI: 2.3, 9.4), having knowledge about risk factors (AOR = 2.9 (95% CI: 1.2, 6.9) and having favorable attitude towards cervical cancer and its screening (AOR = 3.7 (95% CI: 1.8, 7.5) were associated with cervical cancer screening utilization. Conclusions The study revealed utilization of cervical cancer screening service was low among HIV positive women. Educational status, duration of HIV diagnosis, partner support, knowledge status about risk factor, CD4 count and attitude towards cervical cancer and its screening were associated with cervical cancer screening utilization. Health care workers need to provide intensive counseling services for all ART care attendants to increase utilization.

Evidence for lack of cervical cancer screening among HIV-positive women in Italy

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 554-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Franceschi ◽  
Luigino Dal Maso ◽  
Barbara Suligoi ◽  
Giovanni Rezza
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Positive Women

scholarly journals Cervical cancer screening uptake among HIV-positive women in Ontario, Canada: A population-based retrospective cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann N. Burchell ◽  
Claire E. Kendall ◽  
Stephanie Y. Cheng ◽  
Aisha Lofters ◽  
Michelle Cotterchio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Screening Uptake ◽  
Hiv Positive Women

scholarly journals Postpartum Pap Smear Results in Women with Abnormal Pap Smears Detected at First Antenatal Care: A Retrospective Study in a Songklanagarind Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Nungrutai Saeaib
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Remission Rate ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum

Objective: To assess the remission rate at postpartum periods of abnormal Pap smears during pregnancy, and to identify the demographic and clinical characteristics of pregnant women with abnormal Pap smears.Material and Methods: Pregnant women, who had antenatal care (ANC) in Songklanagarind Hospital in period of January 2011 to December 2019, were identified retrospectively. Exclusion criteria included inaccessible results of Pap smears during pregnancy and postpartum periods. Medical records of all pregnant women with abnormal Pap smears were reviewed. The association between Pap smear results during pregnancy and postpartum were analyzed by Cramer’s V statistic ranging from 0 to 1, with a 1 indicating perfect association.Results: Of these 8,238 pregnant women had available Pap smear results, 109 (1.3%) women were shown with abnormal results. The most common of abnormality from Pap smears were atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. In postpartum period, 50 women who had abnormal Pap smear during pregnancy, underwent postpartum follow-up examination at six weeks postpartum, respectively. The majority of results (84.0%) were normal whilst rate of remission occurred in 45 women (90.0%). The association of Pap smears between during pregnancy and postpartum was shown to have a small association (Cramer’s V = 0.2).Conclusion: There was low prevalence of abnormal Pap smear during pregnancy and high remission rate at postpartum. However, health care providers should be aware of cervical cancer screening in all pregnant women, because many women had not undergone cervical cancer screening before pregnancy.

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