scholarly journals Electrophysiological correlates of interference control in the modified emotional Stroop task with emotional stimuli differing in valence, arousal, and subjective significance

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258177
Author(s):  
Kamil K. Imbir ◽  
Maciej Pastwa ◽  
Joanna Duda-Goławska ◽  
Adam Sobieszek ◽  
Marta Jankowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Emotional Stroop ◽  
Interference Control ◽  
Emotional Stroop Task ◽  
Emotional Factors ◽  
Emotional Interference ◽  
Subjective Significance

The role of emotional factors in maintaining cognitive control is one of the most intriguing issues in understanding emotion-cognition interactions. In the current experiment, we assessed the role of emotional factors (valence, arousal, and subjective significance) in perceptual and conceptual inhibition processes. We operationalised both processes with the classical cognitive paradigms, i.e., the flanker task and the emotional Stroop task merged into a single experimental procedure. The procedure was based on the presentation of emotional words displayed in four different font colours flanked by the same emotional word printed with the same or different font colour. We expected to find distinct effects of both types of interference: earlier for perceptual and later for emotional interference. We also predicted an increased arousal level to disturb inhibitory control effectiveness, while increasing the subjective significance level should improve this process. As we used orthogonal manipulations of emotional factors, our study allowed us for the first time to assess interactions within emotional factors and between types of interference. We found on the behavioural level the main effects of flanker congruency as well as effects of emotionality. On the electrophysiological level, we found effects for EPN, P2, and N450 components of ERPs. The exploratory analysis revealed that effects due to perceptual interference appeared earlier than the effects of emotional interference, but they lasted for an extended period of processing, causing perceptual and emotional interference to partially overlap. Finally, in terms of emotional interference, we showed the effect of subjective significance: the reduction of interference cost in N450 for highly subjective significant stimuli. This study is the first one allowing for the investigation of two different types of interference in a single experiment, and provides insight into the role of emotion in cognitive control.

scholarly journals The influence of emotional interference on cognitive control: A meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies using the emotional Stroop task

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sensen Song ◽  
Anna Zilverstand ◽  
Hongwen Song ◽  
Federico d’Oleire Uquillas ◽  
Yongming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Emotional Stroop ◽  
Emotional Stroop Task ◽  
Emotional Interference

scholarly journals Valence and arousal of words in visual and conceptual interference control efficiency

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241694
Author(s):  
Kamil K. Imbir ◽  
Maciej Pastwa ◽  
Marta Jankowska ◽  
Marcin Kosman ◽  
Aleksandra Modzelewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Interference Control ◽  
Emotional Stroop Task ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Emotional Factors ◽  
Valence And Arousal

Cognitive control efficiency is susceptible to the emotional state of an individual. The aim of the current experiment was to search for the role of valence and arousal of emotion-laden words in a performance efficiency of a modified emotional Stroop task (EST) combined with the flanker task. Both paradigms allow for the measurement of the interference control, but interference appears on different stages of stimulus processing. In the flanker task, the interference is perceptual, while in EST, it is based on the emotional meaning of stimuli. We expected to find the effects of emotionality of words, that is, arousal and valence levels, for interference measured with EST. In a series of two experiments, the results confirmed that a high arousal level enlarges the reaction latencies to the EST. We also identified interaction between valence and arousal in shaping reaction latencies. We found the flanker congruency effect. We did not find interactions between emotional factors and flanker congruency. This suggests that interference measured with the EST and flanker task are in fact different from one another, and while using the modified EST combined with the flanker task, the word-meaning effects do not interfere with pure perceptual interferences.

The role of time pressure on the emotional Stroop task

2001 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinkar Sharma ◽  
Frank P. McKenna
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Emotional Stroop ◽  
Emotional Stroop Task

scholarly journals The role of valence and frequency in the emotional Stroop task

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 956-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd A. Kahan ◽  
Charles D. Hely
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Emotional Stroop ◽  
Emotional Stroop Task

scholarly journals EXPRESS: The Role of Contingency and Correlation in the Stroop Task

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110325
Author(s):  
Nabil Hasshim ◽  
Benjamin A Parris
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Contingency Learning ◽  
Interference Control ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Response Contingency ◽  
Typical Design ◽  
Do So

Facilitation (faster responses to Congruent trials compared to Neutral trials) in the Stroop task has been a difficult effect for models of cognitive control to explain. The current research investigated the role of word-response contingency, word-colour correlation, and proportion congruency in producing Stroop effects. Contingency and correlation refers to the probability of specific word-response and word-colour pairings that are implicitly learnt while performing the task. Pairs that have a higher probability of occurring are responded to faster, a finding that challenges top-down attention control accounts of Stroop task performance. However studies that try to experimentally control for contingency and correlation typically do so by increasing the proportion of incongruent trials in the task, which cognitive control accounts posit affects interference control via the top-down biasing of attention. The present research focused on whether facilitation is also affected by contingency and correlation while additionally looking at the effect of proportion congruency. This was done in two experiments that compared the typical design of Stroop task experiments (i.e., having equal proportions of Congruent and Incongruent trials but also contingency and correlational biases) to: a) a design that had unequal congruency proportions but no contingency or correlation (Experiment 1), and b) a design where the correlation is biased but proportion congruency and contingency were not (Experiment 2). Results did not support the hypotheses that contingency or correlation affected facilitation. Interference was almost halved in the alternative design of Experiment 2, demonstrating an effect of contingency learning in typical measures of Stroop interference.

scholarly journals Emotional Stroop task: effect of word arousal and subject anxiety on emotional interference

2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Dresler ◽  
Katja Mériau ◽  
Hauke R. Heekeren ◽  
Elke Meer
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Emotional Stroop ◽  
Emotional Stroop Task ◽  
Emotional Interference ◽  
Task Effect
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