Correction: Use of fourth-generation rapid combined antigen and antibody diagnostic tests for the detection of acute HIV infection in a community centre for men who have sex with men, between 2016 and 2019

Objective To assess the use of fourth-generation rapid diagnostic tests in identifying acute infection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Methods BCN Checkpoint promotes sexual health among men who have sex with men (MSM), with a focus on diagnosing HIV early, initiating combined antiretroviral treatment (cART) promptly, and recommending regular repeat testing for those who have tested negative. This cross-sectional study included all test results obtained at the centre between 25 March 2016 and 24 March 2019. The Alere™ HIV Combo (now rebranded to Determine™ HIV Ultra, from Abbott) was used to detect p24 antigen (p24 Ag) and/or immunoglobulin M (IgM) and G (IgG) antibodies to HIV-1/HIV-2 (HIV Ab). Rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmatory testing and Western blot (WB) were performed for clients with a positive rapid test result. Confirmed HIV cases were promptly referred to the HIV unit for care and cART prescription. Results A total of 12,961 clients attended BCN Checkpoint during the study and 27,298 rapid tests were performed. 450 tests were found to be reactive, of which 430 confirmed as HIV-positive, representing a prevalence of 3.32%. Four confirmed cases (0.93%) were detected as “p24 Ag only”, nine (2.09%) as “both p24 and HIV Ab” and 417 (96.98%) as “HIV Ab only”. The “p24 Ag only” group had a 1-log higher viral load than the other groups and initiated treatment on the following working day. Overall, there were 20 false-positive results (0.07% and 4.44% of total and reactive tests, respectively), of which 10 positive for “p24 Ag only” and 10 for “HIV Ab only”. Conclusions Four Acute HIV Infections (AHI), with very high viral loads, have been detected with the “p24 Ag only” while the HIV Ab were still absent. Referral to the HIV unit and initiation of cART on the following working day contributed to improving persons’ health and to reduce HIV transmission chain.

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Sexual Behavior During Acute HIV Infection Among Men Who Have Sex With Men, in Los Angeles, California: Table 1.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jiw112 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 213 (12) ◽

pp. 2020-2021 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Dvora L. Joseph Davey ◽

Matt R. Beymer ◽

Chelsea Roberts ◽

Robert K. Bolan ◽

Jeffrey D. Klausner

Keyword(s):

Sexual Behavior ◽

Los Angeles ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Acute Hiv Infection ◽

Acute Hiv ◽

Sex With Men

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Identification of Acute HIV Infection Using Fourth-Generation Testing in an Opt-Out Emergency Department Screening Program

Annals of Emergency Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.05.021 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 537-546 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Kara I. Geren ◽

Frank Lovecchio ◽

Jason Knight ◽

Robert Fromm ◽

Eric Moore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Screening Program ◽

Fourth Generation ◽

Acute Hiv Infection ◽

Opt Out ◽

Acute Hiv

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Acute HIV infection (AHI): Trained Service Linkage Workers and fourth-generation Assay Significantly Shorten Time to Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation.

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofx163.1118 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. S441-S441

Author(s):

Daniel Smith ◽

Qianmiao Gao ◽

Hongyu Miao ◽

Oswaldo Gutierrez ◽

Cecilio Martinez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Fourth Generation ◽

Acute Hiv Infection ◽

Therapy Initiation ◽

Acute Hiv

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Knowledge and Awareness of Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Among Mobile App-Using Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Missed Public Health Opportunity

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofv016 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aaron J. Siegler ◽

Travis Sanchez ◽

R. Craig Sineath ◽

Jeremy Grey ◽

Erin Kahle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Hiv Testing ◽

Online Survey ◽

Mobile App ◽

Acute Hiv Infection ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Acute Hiv ◽

Sex With Men

Abstract In a national online survey, we assessed awareness and knowledge of acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection manifestation among 1748 men who have sex with men (MSM). Only 39% of respondents were aware that acute HIV infection may be accompanied by symptoms. Education and increased access to acute HIV testing may facilitate MSM to appropriately seek acute HIV testing.

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Alteration in Oral Microbiome Among Men Who Have Sex With Men With Acute and Chronic HIV Infection on Antiretroviral Therapy

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fcimb.2021.695515 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Shuang Li ◽

Junping Zhu ◽

Bin Su ◽

Huanhuan Wei ◽

Fei Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Hiv Infections ◽

Oral Microbiome ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Acute Hiv Infection ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Acute Hiv ◽

Sex With Men ◽

Chronic Hiv Infection

Despite the antiretroviral therapy (ART), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related oral disease remains a common problem for people living with HIV (PLWH). Evidence suggests that impairment of immune function in HIV infection might lead to the conversion of commensal bacteria to microorganisms with increased pathogenicity. However, limited information is available about alteration in oral microbiome in PLWH on ART. We performed a longitudinal comparative study on men who have sex with men (MSM) with acute HIV infection (n=15), MSM with chronic HIV infection (n=15), and HIV-uninfected MSM controls (n=15). Throat swabs were collected when these subjects were recruited (W0) and 12 weeks after ART treatment (W12) from the patients. Genomic DNAs were extracted and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed. Microbiome diversity was significantly decreased in patients with acute and chronic HIV infections compared with those in controls at the sampling time of W0 and the significant difference remained at W12. An increased abundance of unidentified Prevotellaceae was found in patients with acute and chronic HIV infections. Moreover, increased abundances of Prevotella in subjects with acute HIV infection and Streptococcus in subjects with chronic HIV infection were observed. In contrast, greater abundance in Lactobacillus, Rothia, Lautropia, and Bacteroides was found in controls. After effective ART, Bradyrhizobium was enriched in both acute and chronic HIV infections, whereas in controls, Lactobacillus, Rothia, Clostridia, Actinobacteria, and Ruminococcaceae were enriched. In addition, we found that lower CD4+ T-cell counts (<200 cells/mm3) were associated with lower relative abundances of Haemophilus, Actinomyces, unidentified Ruminococcaceae, and Rothia. This study has shown alteration in oral microbiome resulting from HIV infection and ART. The results obtained warrant further studies in a large number of subjects with different ethnics. It might contribute to improved oral health in HIV-infected individuals.

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