scholarly journals Gene mining, codon optimization and analysis of binding mechanism of an aldo-keto reductase with high activity, better substrate specificity and excellent solvent tolerance

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260787
Author(s):  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Xiaoli Fu ◽  
Weiliang Wu
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Solvent Tolerance ◽  
Chiral Alcohols ◽  
Binding Mechanism ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Mediated Reduction

The biosynthesis of chiral alcohols has important value and high attention. Aldo–keto reductases (AKRs) mediated reduction of prochiral carbonyl compounds is an interesting way of synthesizing single enantiomers of chiral alcohols due to the high enantio-, chemo- and regioselectivity of the enzymes. However, relatively little research has been done on characterization and apply of AKRs to asymmetric synthesis of chiral alcohols. In this study, the AKR from Candida tropicalis MYA-3404 (C. tropicalis MYA-3404), was mined and characterized. The AKR shown wider optimum temperature and pH. The AKR exhibited varying degrees of catalytic activity for different substrates, suggesting that the AKR can catalyze a variety of substrates. It is worth mentioning that the AKR could catalytic reduction of keto compounds with benzene rings, such as cetophenone and phenoxyacetone. The AKR exhibited activity on N,N-dimethyl-3-keto-3-(2-thienyl)-1-propanamine (DKTP), a key intermediate for biosynthesis of the antidepressant drug duloxetine. Besides, the AKR still has high activity whether in a reaction system containing 10%-30% V/V organic solvent. What’s more, the AKR showed the strongest stability in six common organic solvents, DMSO, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, ethanol, and methanol. And, it retains more that 70% enzyme activity after 6 hours, suggesting that the AKR has strong solvent tolerance. Furthermore, the protein sequences of the AKR and its homology were compared, and a 3D model of the AKR docking with coenzyme NADPH were constructed. And the important catalytic and binding sites were identified to explore the binding mechanism of the enzyme and its coenzyme. These properties, predominant organic solvents resistance and extensive substrate spectrum, of the AKR making it has potential applications in the pharmaceutical field.

scholarly journals Characterization and Catalytic-Site-Analysis of an Aldo-Keto Reductase with Excellent Solvent Tolerance

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1121
Author(s):  
Rui Pei ◽  
Weiliang Wu ◽  
Yuqian Zhang ◽  
Libing Tian ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Catalytic Site ◽  
Solvent Tolerance ◽  
Chiral Alcohols ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Site Analysis ◽  
Substrate Spectrum

Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) mediated stereoselective reduction of prochiral carbonyl compounds is an efficient way of preparing single enantiomers of chiral alcohols due to their high chemo-, enantio-, and regio-selectivity. To date, the application of AKRs in the asymmetric synthesis of chiral alcohols has been limited, due to the challenges of cloning and purifying. In this work, the aldo-keto reductase (AKR3-2-9) from Bacillus sp. was obtained, purified and proved to be NADPH-dependent. It exhibits good bioactivity and stability at 37 °C, pH 6.0. AKR3-2-9 is catalytically active on 11 pairs of substrates such as 3-methylcyclohexanone and methyl pyruvate, among which it showed the highest catalytic activity for acetylacetone. In addition, AKR3-2-9 was able to be resistant to five common organic solvents such as methanol and ethanol, it retained high catalytic activity even in a reaction system containing 10% v/v organic solvent for 6 h, which indicates its broad substrate spectrum and exceptional organic solvent tolerance. Furthermore, its three-dimensional structure was constructed and catalytic-site-analysis of the enzyme was conducted. Notably, it was capable of catalyzing the reaction of the key intermediates of duloxetine. The extensive substrate spectrum and predominant organic solvents resistance makes AK3-2-9 a promising enzyme which can be potentially applied in medicine synthesis.

The Design of Organic Gelators Based on a Family of Bis-Ureas

1999 ◽  
Vol 604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa E. Meléndez ◽  
Andrew J. Carn ◽  
Kazuki Sada ◽  
Andrew D. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Crystallographic Data ◽  
Porous Solids ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molecule Structure ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Potential Applications

AbstractThe use of organic molecules as gelators in certain organic solvents has been the target of recent research in materials science. The types of structures formed in the gel matrix have potential applications as porous solids that can be used as absorbents or in catalysis. We will present and discuss the organogelation properties of a family of bis-ureas. Studies presented will include a molecule structure activity relationship, thermodynamic properties, comparison to x-ray crystallographic data and potential functionalization of the gels formed by this class of compounds

A Ce-Zr-Ti Oxide Catalyst for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with Ammonia

2014 ◽  
Vol 535 ◽  
pp. 709-712
Author(s):  
Ye Jiang ◽  
Yan Yan ◽  
Shan Bo Huang ◽  
Xiong Zhang ◽  
Xin Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Selective Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Oxide Catalyst ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Reduction Of No ◽  
No Conversion ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Ti Oxides

A Ce-Zr-Ti oxide catalyst was prepared by an impregnation method and tested for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3. The Ce-Zr-Ti oxide catalyst exhibited high activity and more than 95% NO conversion was obtained within the temperature range 300-500 °C at the high gas hourly space velocity of 50,000 h-1. The addition of Zr improved the activity of Ce-Ti oxides especially at higher reaction temperatures and their resistance to SO2.

The high activity of palladium for the catalytic reduction of nitrous oxide by alkanes larger than methane

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 625-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel W. Cant ◽  
Dean C. Chambers ◽  
Yusuke Yoshinaga
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
High Activity ◽  
Catalytic Reduction

scholarly journals Enantioselective Epoxidation by Flavoprotein Monooxygenases Supported by Organic Solvents

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Eggerichs ◽  
Carolin Mügge ◽  
Julia Mayweg ◽  
Ulf-Peter Apfel ◽  
Dirk Tischler
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Substrate Preference ◽  
Solvent Tolerance ◽  
Organic Cosolvents ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Enantioselective Epoxidation ◽  
Styrene Derivatives

Styrene and indole monooxygenases (SMO and IMO) are two-component flavoprotein monooxygenases composed of a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-dependent flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-reductase (StyB or IndB) and a monooxygenase (StyA or IndA). The latter uses reduced FAD to activate oxygen and to oxygenate the substrate while releasing water. We circumvented the need for the reductase by direct FAD reduction in solution using the NAD(P)H-mimic 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) to fuel monooxygenases without NADH requirement. Herein, we report on the hitherto unknown solvent tolerance for the indole monooxygenase from Gemmobacter nectariphilus DSM15620 (GnIndA) and the styrene monooxygenase from Gordonia rubripertincta CWB2 (GrStyA). These enzymes were shown to convert bulky and rather hydrophobic styrene derivatives in the presence of organic cosolvents. Subsequently, BNAH-driven biotransformation was furthermore optimized with regard to the applied cosolvent and its concentration as well as FAD and BNAH concentration. We herein demonstrate that GnIndA and GrStyA enable selective epoxidations of allylic double bonds (up to 217 mU mg−1) in the presence of organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, or several alcohols. Notably, GnIndA was found to resist methanol concentrations up to 25 vol.%. Furthermore, a diverse substrate preference was determined for both enzymes, making their distinct use very interesting. In general, our results seem representative for many IMOs as was corroborated by in silico mutagenetic studies.

Iron-exchanged high-silica LTA zeolites as hydrothermally stable NH3-SCR catalysts

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1050-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taekyung Ryu ◽  
Yonjoo Kang ◽  
In-Sik Nam ◽  
Suk Bong Hong
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Selective Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Hydrothermal Aging ◽  
Reduction Of No ◽  
Nh3 Scr ◽  
Scr Catalysts ◽  
High Silica

Iron-exchanged high-silica LTA zeolites exhibit high activity for selective catalytic reduction of NOx by NH3, even after hydrothermal aging at 900 °C.

Facile synthesis of TiO2 film on glass for the photocatalytic removal of rhodamine B and tetracycline hydrochloride

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxin Li ◽  
Zhi Chen ◽  
Jianfei Fang ◽  
Qian Yang ◽  
Xiuru Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Photocatalytic Removal ◽  
Coating Method ◽  
Potential Applications

Photocatalysis is one of the efficient approaches for pollution control in water. However, the traditional photocatalysts used for the removal of organic pollutants are in powder form, which makes it difficult to recover them from the suspended reaction system. On the contrary, thin film photocatalyst is easy to be retrieved and possesses unique feature for practical application. In present work, stable TiO2 sol suspension was prepared and amorphous TiO2 thin film was then immobilized upon glass substrate through facile spin coating method. The thickness of film could be simply controlled by changing the number of coatings, and anatase TiO2 film could be formed after calcination. The prepared thin films were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultravioletvisible spectrophotometry (UV-vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The photodegradations of organic pollutants including colored dye and colorless antibiotic were tested and found to be thickness-dependent. Additionally, the prepared film photocatalst has good stability and may have potential applications in wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Self-Assembly and Soft Material Preparation of Binary Organogels via Aminobenzimidazole/Benzothiazole and Acids with Different Alkyl Substituent Chains

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tifeng Jiao ◽  
Keren Ma ◽  
Xihai Shen ◽  
Qingrui Zhang ◽  
Xiujin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Alkyl Substituent ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Hydrophobic Force ◽  
Benzothiazole Derivatives ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Gelation Behavior ◽  
Potential Applications

The gelation behaviors of binary organogels composed of aminobenzimidazole/benzothiazole derivatives and benzoic acid with single-/multialkyl substituent chain in various organic solvents were designed and investigated. Their gelation behaviors in 20 solvents were tested as new binary organic gelators. This showed that the number and length of alkyl substituent chains and benzimidazole/benzothiazole segment have played a crucial role in the gelation behavior of all gelator mixtures in various organic solvents. More alkyl chains in molecular skeletons in present gelators are favorable for the gelation of organic solvents. The length of alkyl substituent chains has also played an important role in changing the gelation behaviors and assembly states. Morphological studies revealed that the gelator molecules self-assemble into different aggregates from wrinkle, lamella, belt, to fiber with change of solvents. Spectral studies indicated that there existed different H-bond formation and hydrophobic force, depending on benzimidazole/benzothiazole segment and alkyl substituent chains in molecular skeletons. The prepared nanostructured materials have wide perspectives and many potential applications in nanoscience and material fields due to their scientific values. The present work may also give new clues for designing new binary organogelators and soft materials.

Functionalized Macrocyclic Compounds: Potential Sensors of Small Molecules and Ions

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul V. Bernhardt ◽  
Evan G. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Real World ◽  
Macrocyclic Compounds ◽  
Binding Mechanism ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Potential Applications

The potential applications of macrocycles in chemistry and at its interfaces with biology and physics continue to emerge, one of which is as receptors for small molecules and ions. This review illustrates these applications with examples from the last ten years employing complexation as the binding mechanism; some of the systems presented have already found real-world sensor applications. In any case, the challenges remain to design more selective and sensitive receptors for guests.

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