A Factor-Analytic Study Exploring the Factors of Co-Worker Cohesion

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 42-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn von Treuer ◽  
Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz ◽  
Barbara Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Lower Order ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractDespite the applied importance of cohesion within organisational settings, researchers have yet to reach consensus about the dimensionality of group cohesion, and therefore appropriate tools for its measurement. The way that cohesion has generally been conceptualised has changed over time, but the measures appear not to reflect the underlying theory. This deficiency has impeded attempts to explore the relationship between co-worker cohesion and group performance (Beal et al., 2003; Mullen & Copper, 1994). Given inconsistent findings from previous factor analyses of cohesion, the present study employed exploratory means to help clarify the factor structure of cohesion within the workplace. Potential participants were recruited via the researchers' social networks. This snowballing technique led to 236 participants completing the online questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis revealed four first-order factors of team commitment, friendliness, interpersonal conflict and communication that collectively accounted for 55.17% of the variance shared among the 75 cohesion items. Subsequently, a single higher-order factor was extracted which accounted for over half of the co-variation among the first order factors. This higher-order factor seems to reflect a general cohesion factor, as it was loaded by a diffuse collection of items, including those from the four lower-order factors as well as items that failed to load onto these lower-order factors. While there were similarities between these results and those of previous studies, the present factor structure did not map perfectly onto any of the existing conceptual models of cohesion. This finding highlights the need to incorporate some alternate factors that have previously been given little consideration.

scholarly journals Higher and Lower Order Factor Analyses of the Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1050-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliya Kotelnikova ◽  
Thomas M. Olino ◽  
Daniel N. Klein ◽  
Sarah V. M. Mackrell ◽  
Elizabeth P. Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Lower Order ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Negative Affectivity ◽  
Admissible Solution ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Order Structure ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Order Factor

The Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire (TMCQ) is a widely used parent-report measure of temperament. However, neither its lower nor higher order structures has been tested via a bottom-up, empirically based approach. We conducted higher and lower order exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) of the TMCQ in a large ( N = 654) sample of 9-year-olds. Item-level EFAs identified 92 items as suitable (i.e., with loadings ≥.40) for constructing lower order factors, only half of which resembled a TMCQ scale posited by the measure’s authors. Higher order EFAs of the lower order factors showed that a three-factor structure (Impulsivity/Negative Affectivity, Negative Affectivity, and Openness/Assertiveness) was the only admissible solution. Overall, many TMCQ items did not load well onto a lower order factor. In addition, only three factors, which did not show a clear resemblance to Rothbart’s four-factor model of temperament in middle childhood, were needed to account for the higher order structure of the TMCQ.

Challenging the Multidimensional Conception of Perceived Person-Environment Fit

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Julian M. Etzel ◽  
Gabriel Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
University Students ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Substantial Proportion ◽  
Unique Variance ◽  
First Order ◽  
Person Environment Fit ◽  
Order Factor

Abstract. In the current study, we examined the viability of a multidimensional conception of perceived person-environment (P-E) fit in higher education. We introduce an optimized 12-item measure that distinguishes between four content dimensions of perceived P-E fit: interest-contents (I-C) fit, needs-supplies (N-S) fit, demands-abilities (D-A) fit, and values-culture (V-C) fit. The central aim of our study was to examine whether the relationships between different P-E fit dimensions and educational outcomes can be accounted for by a higher-order factor that captures the shared features of the four fit dimensions. Relying on a large sample of university students in Germany, we found that students distinguish between the proposed fit dimensions. The respective first-order factors shared a substantial proportion of variance and conformed to a higher-order factor model. Using a newly developed factor extension procedure, we found that the relationships between the first-order factors and most outcomes were not fully accounted for by the higher-order factor. Rather, with the exception of V-C fit, all specific P-E fit factors that represent the first-order factors’ unique variance showed reliable and theoretically plausible relationships with different outcomes. These findings support the viability of a multidimensional conceptualization of P-E fit and the validity of our adapted instrument.

scholarly journals Damage Identification of Plate Structure Based on the Method of Modal Flexibility Curvature Difference

2019 ◽  
Vol 256 ◽  
pp. 02015
Author(s):  
Jiangang Zhao ◽  
Yuxiang Zhang ◽  
Jiazhao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Lower Order ◽  
Damage Identification ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Plate Structure ◽  
First Order ◽  
Flexibility Matrix ◽  
Damage Degree ◽  
Higher Order Modes ◽  
Modal Flexibility

According to the higher order modes of the structure are difficult to extract and the lower order are easy to obtain in practice, it is put forward that only uses the parameters of lower or first-order modal to constitute the modal flexibility curvature difference (MFCD) as the index of damage identification, which based on the flexibility matrix of structure being sensitive to the structure modal characteristics. Numerical analysis is made on different damage conditions of a plate structure, and the result shows that the MFCD can not only accurately identify the single-damage and multi-damage position of plate structure, but also reflect the size of damage degree. It has a great significance to apply the index into the range of damage identification of actual structures.

The low- and higher-order factor structure of symptoms in patients with a first episode of psychosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Peralta ◽  
Lucía Moreno-Izco ◽  
Laura Calvo-Barrena ◽  
Manuel J. Cuesta
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Order Factor

scholarly journals How Young “Early Birds” Prefer Preservation, Appreciation and Utilization of Nature

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Raab ◽  
Christoph Randler ◽  
Franz Bogner
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Environmental Attitudes ◽  
Environmental Values ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Outreach Programs ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Value Model ◽  
The Relationship

Since the 1990s, the Two Major Environmental Value model (2-MEV) has been applied to measure adolescent environmental attitudes by covering two higher order factors: (i) Preservation of Nature (PRE) which measures protection preferences and (ii) Utilization of Nature (UTL) which quantifies preferences towards exploitation of nature. In addition to the 2-MEV scale, we monitored the Appreciation of Nature (APR) which, in contrast to the UTL, monitors the enjoyable utilization of nature. Finally, we employed the Morningness–Eveningness Scale for Children (MESC) which monitors the diurnal preferences and associates with personality and behavioral traits. In this study, we analyzed data from 429 Irish students (14.65 years; ±1.89 SD) with the aim of reconfirming the factor structure of the 2-MEV+APR and monitoring the relationship between the MESC and the environmental values (PRE, UTL, APR). Our findings identified a significant association between PRE and APR with MESC. In addition, we observed a gender difference. Our results suggest that morningness preference students are more likely to be protective of and appreciative towards nature. Recommendations for outreach programs as well as conclusions for environmental education initiatives in general are discussed.

scholarly journals Comparison of the level of cognitive processing between case-based items and non-case-based items on the Interuniversity Progress Test of Medicine in the Netherlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Cecilio-Fernandes ◽  
Wouter Kerdijk ◽  
Andreas Johannes Bremers ◽  
Wytze Aalders ◽  
René Anton Tio
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Lower Order ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Progress Test ◽  
Test Taking ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Phi Coefficient ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Case Based

Purpose: It is assumed that case-based questions require higher-order cognitive processing, whereas questions that are not case-based require lower-order cognitive processing. In this study, we investigated to what extent case-based and non-case-based questions followed this assumption based on Bloom’s taxonomy.Methods: In this article, 4,800 questions from the Interuniversity Progress Test of Medicine were classified based on whether they were case-based and on the level of Bloom’s taxonomy that they involved. Lower-order questions require students to remember or/and have a basic understanding of knowledge. Higher-order questions require students to apply, analyze, or/and evaluate. The phi coefficient was calculated to investigate the relationship between whether questions were case-based and the required level of cognitive processing.Results: Our results demonstrated that 98.1% of case-based questions required higher-level cognitive processing. Of the non-case-based questions, 33.7% required higher-level cognitive processing. The phi coefficient demonstrated a significant, but moderate correlation between the presence of a patient case in a question and its required level of cognitive processing (phi coefficient= 0.55, P< 0.001).Conclusion: Medical instructors should be aware of the association between item format (case-based versus non-case-based) and the cognitive processes they elicit in order to meet the desired balance in a test, taking the learning objectives and the test difficulty into account.

An Assessment of the Dimensionality of Three SAT-Verbal Test Editions

1988 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda L. Cook ◽  
Neil J. Dorans ◽  
Daniel R. Eignor
Keyword(s):  
Second Order ◽  
Statistical Dependence ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Correlation Matrices ◽  
First Order ◽  
Irt Models ◽  
Verbal Test ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Item Scores ◽  
Effective Dimensionality

A strong assumption made by most commonly used item response theory (IRT) models is that the data are unidimensional, that is, statistical dependence among item scores can be explained by a single ability dimension. First-order and second-order factor analyses were conducted on correlation matrices among item parcels of SAT-Verbal items. The item parcels were constructed to yield correlation matrices that were amenable to linear factor analyses. The first-order analyses were employed to assess the effective dimensionality of the item parcel data. Second-order analyses were employed to test meaningful hypotheses about the structure of the data. Parcels were constructed for three SAT-Verbal editions. The dimensionality analyses revealed that one SAT-Verbal test edition was less parallel to the other two editions than these other editions were to each other. Refinements in the dimensionality methodology and a more systematic dimensionality assessment are logical extensions of the present research.

Helping Orientations: Four Dimensions

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1371-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph F. Michlitsch ◽  
Stanley Frankel
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Helping Behavior ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Underlying Factor ◽  
Target Sample ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
And Coping

The underlying factor structure of four helping and coping orientations was investigated. The four orientations are the foundations of four models of helping and coping. Each model consists of a person's orientations toward helping behavior and the set of likely factors and behaviors related to the orientations. The orientations are believed to influence how a person interacts with others in a helping situation and how that person attempts to help himself (cope). Factor analysis in two studies supports the prediction of four helping orientations across a convenience and a target sample. Secondary, higher-order factor analysis further provides support based on the convenience sample, but not the target sample.

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