An Assessment of the Dimensionality of Three SAT-Verbal Test Editions

1988 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda L. Cook ◽  
Neil J. Dorans ◽  
Daniel R. Eignor
Keyword(s):  
Second Order ◽  
Statistical Dependence ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Correlation Matrices ◽  
First Order ◽  
Irt Models ◽  
Verbal Test ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Item Scores ◽  
Effective Dimensionality

A strong assumption made by most commonly used item response theory (IRT) models is that the data are unidimensional, that is, statistical dependence among item scores can be explained by a single ability dimension. First-order and second-order factor analyses were conducted on correlation matrices among item parcels of SAT-Verbal items. The item parcels were constructed to yield correlation matrices that were amenable to linear factor analyses. The first-order analyses were employed to assess the effective dimensionality of the item parcel data. Second-order analyses were employed to test meaningful hypotheses about the structure of the data. Parcels were constructed for three SAT-Verbal editions. The dimensionality analyses revealed that one SAT-Verbal test edition was less parallel to the other two editions than these other editions were to each other. Refinements in the dimensionality methodology and a more systematic dimensionality assessment are logical extensions of the present research.

First- and Second-Order Factor Analyses of the Behavior Problem Checklist with Behaviorally Disordered Pupils

1987 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry Luebke ◽  
Michael H. Epstein ◽  
Douglas Cullinan
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Behavior Problem ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Behaviorally Disordered ◽  
Order Analysis ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Problem Checklist

Teacher completed Behavior Problem Checklists on 730 behaviorally disordered pupils were subjected to first- and second-order factor analyses. The first-order factor analysis replicated prior research with the BPC; the second-order analysis replicated findings with other instruments. Sex and age comparisons were examined in relation to the two broad-band factors that were identified.

Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS)

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Iliceto ◽  
Emanuele Fino
Keyword(s):  
Second Order ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Beck Hopelessness Scale ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Model Invariance ◽  
Three Factor

The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) is an instrument for assessing cognitive thoughts among suicidal persons. Previous studies have identified different factor structures of the BHS. However, results were not conclusive. The aim of this study was to test the factor structure of the BHS in a sample of Italian individuals (N = 509) from the community, and secondarily to investigate correlations between the BHS, depression (Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition), and personality traits (Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire). Following recommendations of previous investigations, we utilized a 5-point response format. We applied a second-order Confirmatory Factor Analyses and tested for the model invariance. The results suggest that besides a single second-order factor, a second-order three-factor solution is also reasonable, in line with Beck’s theorization.

scholarly journals Can We Compare Solidarity Across Europe? What, Why, When, and How to Assess Exact and Approximate Equivalence of First- and Second-Order Factor Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Lomazzi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Alignment Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Political Values ◽  
First Order ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
European Values ◽  
Order Factor

Although measurement invariance is widely considered a precondition for meaningful cross-sectional comparisons, substantive studies have often neglected evaluating this assumption, thereby risking drawing conclusions and making theoretical generalizations based on misleading results. This study offers a theoretical overview of the key issues concerning the measurement and the comparison of socio-political values and aims to answer the questions of what must be evaluated, why, when, and how to assess measurement equivalence. This paper discusses the implications of formative and reflective approaches to the measurement of socio-political values and introduces challenges in their comparison across different countries. From this perspective, exact and approximate approaches to equivalence are described as well as their empirical translation in statistical techniques, such as the multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) and the frequentist alignment method. To illustrate the application of these methods, the study investigates the construct of solidarity as measured by European Values Study (EVS) and using data collected in 34 countries in the last wave of the EVS (2017–2020). The concept is captured through a battery of nine items reflecting three dimensions of solidarity: social, local, and global. Two measurement models are hypothesized: a first-order factor model, in which the three independent dimensions of solidarity are correlated, and a second-order factor model, in which solidarity is conceived according to a hierarchical principle, and the construct of solidarity is reflected in the three sub-factors. In testing the equivalence of the first-order factor model, the results of the MGCFA indicated that metric invariance was achieved. The alignment method supported approximate equivalence only when the model was reduced to two factors, excluding global solidarity. The second-order factor model fit the data of only seven countries, in which this model could be used to study solidarity as a second-order concept. However, the comparison across countries resulted not appropriate at any level of invariance. Finally, the implications of these results for further substantive research are discussed.

scholarly journals Examining the Impostor-Profile—Is There a General Impostor Characteristic?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Ibrahim ◽  
Johann-Christoph Münscher ◽  
Philipp Yorck Herzberg
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Impostor Phenomenon ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Order Model ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Best Fit

The Impostor-Profile (IPP) is a six-dimensional questionnaire measuring the Impostor Phenomenon facets. This study aims to test (a) the appropriateness of a total score, (b) measurement invariance (MI) between gender, (c) the reliability of the IPP, and (d) the convergent validity of the IPP subscales. The sample consisted of N = 482 individuals (64% female). To identify whether the scales of the IPP form a total score, we compared four models: (1) six correlating subscales, (2) a general factor model, (3) a second-order model with one second-order factor and six first-order factors, and (4) a bifactorial model with six group factors. The bifactorial model obtained the best fit. This supports the assumption of a total impostor score. The inspection of structural validity between gender subgroups showed configural, metric, and partial scalar MI. Factor mean comparisons supported the assumption that females and males differ in latent means of the Impostor Phenomenon expressions. The omega coefficients showed sufficient reliability (≥0.71), except for the subscale Need for Sympathy. Overall, the findings of the bifactor model fit and construct validity support the assumption that the measurement through total expression is meaningful in addition to the theoretically formulated multidimensionality of the Impostor Phenomenon.

Die persoonlikheidsprofiel van suksesvolle bewakingsdienspersoneel

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Nell ◽  
L. Kamfer ◽  
R. P. Van Der Merwe ◽  
D. J. L. Venter
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
South African ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Stepwise Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Personality Profile ◽  
First Order ◽  
Correctional Services ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Independent Criterion ◽  
Better Than

The personality profile of successful prison warders. In an attempt to develop a personality profile for successful prison warders, scores on CattelFs 16-PF (SA92-form) were obtained from 361 warders employed by the South African Department of Correctional Services. Independent criterion information (tempo of promotion) was also obtained and used as indicator of job success. Using Hotelling's T2, it was found that the first order factor profiles of successful and unsuccessful warders differed significantly. There was no difference in their second order profiles. By means of stepwise discriminant analysis with personality as independent and success (expressed as a dichotomy) as the dependant variable, four first order factors were identified and formulae derived which predicted 14,8 better than chance whether a warder would be correctly classified as successful or not on the dichotomous success criterion. Opsomming In 'n poging om 'n persoonlikheidsprofiel vir suksesvolle bewakingsdienspersoneel saam te stel, is response op Cattell se 16-PF (SA92-vorm) vanaf 361 bewakingsdienspersoneellede werksaam by die Suid-Afrikaanse Departement van Korrektiewe Dienste, verkry. Inligting in terme van onafhanklike kriterium (tempo van bevordering) is ook verkry en gebruik as aanduiding van werksukses. Deur die gebruik van Hotelling se T2 is bepaal dat die ecrsteorde profiele van suksesvolle en onsuksesvolle bewakingsdienslede beduidend van mekaar verskil. Daar is geen beduidende verskil ten opsigte van die tweedeorde profiele gevind nie. Deur middel van stapsgewyse diskriminantontleding, met persoonlikheid as onafhanklike en sukses (uitgedruk as 'n digotomie) as afhanklike veranderlike, is vier eersteorde faktore geidentifiseer en formules saamgestel wat 14,8 beter as toeval kan voorspel of "n persoon suksesvol of onsuksesvol volgens die digotomiese sukseskriterium sal wees.

scholarly journals Die konstruksie en evaluering van 'n werks tevredenheidvraelys vir predikante

1993 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Van Vuuren ◽  
M. Schepers
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Multidimensional Construct ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
The One ◽  
Mate Waarin

The construction and evaluation of a job satisfaction inventory for ministers. Job satisfaction is a multidimensional construct indicating the degree of adjustment of a worker to his work. A questionnaire was constructed for measuring the various aspects of job satisfaction of ministers. It was administered to 307 ministers. First and second order factor analyses were performed on the items of the questionnaire. Three strong factors of the job satisfaction of ministers were identified, viz. satisfaction with the work as such, the minister's experience of the relationships between him and his wife on the one hand, and his church council and congregation on the other hand, and his vocational self concept. The implications of these findings are discussed. Opsomming Werkstevredenheid is 'n meerdimensionele konstruk wat 'n aanduiding gee van die mate waarin 'n werker in sy werk aanpas. 'n Vraelys om verskeie aspekte van die werkstevredenheid van predikante te meet, is gekonstrueer. Dit is op 'n steekproef van 307 predikante toegepas. Eerste- en tweedeorde-faktorontledings is op die items van die vraelys uitgevoer. Drie sterk faktore van die werkstevredenheid van predikante is geidentifiseer, te wete die belewing van sy werk as sodanig, die belewing van die verhouding tussen horn en sy vrou aan die een kant, en die kerkraad en gemeente aan die ander kant, en sy beroepselfkonsep. Die implikasies van die bevindinge word bespreek.

Toward Understanding Trust: A Response to Adams and Miskell

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa S. Romero ◽  
Douglas E. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Educational Administration ◽  
Successful Schools ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Multifactor Model ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Teacher Trust ◽  
District Administration ◽  
Method Approach

Purpose: Trust is a key component of successful schools. Although scholars widely agree that trust is multifaceted, there is less agreement about the number and nature of these factors. In the October 2016 issue of Educational Administration Quarterly, C. M. Adams and Miskell argued that their Teacher Trust of District Administration Scale provided evidence that trust is a single factor that cannot be unpacked, and that our three-factor theory of trust, which asserts that trust involves the discernment of benevolence, competence, and integrity, is invalid. We find multiple conceptual and methodological flaws in their reasoning. Method/Approach: We analyze data provided by C. M. Adams and Miskell that were used in their original 2016 article. The data set includes responses from 606 teachers in 72 schools to the 10 survey questions that comprise the Teacher Trust of District Administration Scale. We reproduce and critique the results of four models presented, and corrected, by C. M. Adams and Miskell, and present an alternative second-order model of trust with three first-order factors representing benevolence, competence, and integrity. Findings and Implications: Consistent with theory, we find that trust is more appropriately modeled as a multifactor construct. A multifactor model of trust is not merely an advance in measurement, it has important, actionable implications for research and practice. Measuring trust as a second-order factor, with first-order factors benevolence, competence, and integrity, positions us to make more nuanced judgements about trust, more easily diagnose problems, and prescribe interventions needed to develop, maintain, or repair trust in schools.

scholarly journals Collective teacher culture: exploring an elusive construct and its relations with teacher autonomy, belonging, and job satisfaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Einar M. Skaalvik ◽  
Sidsel Skaalvik
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Teacher Autonomy ◽  
Collective Teacher Efficacy ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
First Order ◽  
Teachers Experiences ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Sem Analyses

AbstractOne purpose of this study was to analyze relations between four possible indicators of a collective teacher culture by means of confirmatory factor analyses. The indicators were termed “shared goals values”, “value consonance”, “collective teacher efficacy”, and “supportive colleagues”. A second purpose was to explore relations between collective teacher culture and teachers’ experiences of autonomy, belonging, and job satisfaction. Participants were 760 Norwegian teachers in elementary school and middle school. The data were analyzed by means of confirmatory factor analyses and SEM analyses. The correlations between the four indicators of a collective culture ranged from .44 to .63 and both a model with first order factors and a model with a second order collective culture variable had good fit to the data. The analysis showed that a second order collective teacher culture variable was strongly and positively associated with the teachers’ experiences of autonomy, belonging, and job satisfaction.

scholarly journals Teasing Apart Overclaiming, Overconfidence, and Socially Desirable Responding

Assessment ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doreen Bensch ◽  
Delroy L. Paulhus ◽  
Lazar Stankov ◽  
Matthias Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Potential Problem ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Grandiose Narcissism ◽  
Positivity Bias ◽  
First Order ◽  
Potential Indicator ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Contamination with positivity bias is a potential problem in virtually all areas of psychological assessment. To determine the impact of positivity bias, one common approach is to embed special indicators within one’s assessment battery. Such tools range from social desirability scales to overconfidence measures to the so-called overclaiming technique. Despite the large literature on these different approaches and underlying theoretical notions, little is known about the overall nomological network—in particular, the degree to which these constructs overlap. To this end, a broad spectrum of positivity bias detection tools was administered in low-stakes settings ( N = 798) along with measures of the Big Five, grandiose narcissism, and cognitive ability. Exploratory factor analyses revealed six first-order and two second-order factors. Overclaiming was not loaded by any of the six first-order factors and overconfidence was not explained by either of the two second-order factors. All other measures were confounded with personality and/or cognitive ability. Based on our findings, overclaiming is the most distinct potential indicator of positivity bias and independent of known personality measures.

Cognitive Correlates of Complexity of Children's Drawings

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 1079-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Bensur ◽  
John Eliot ◽  
Laxmin Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Higher Order ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Developmental Tasks ◽  
General Factor ◽  
First Order ◽  
Cognitive Correlates ◽  
Spatial Intelligence ◽  
Spatial Factor ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Drawing Tasks

240 children (60 each at ages 4, 6, 8, and 10 years) were administered Dennis' (1987) Five Drawing Tasks and five additional developmental tasks. Three hypotheses were tested: that object recognition and working memory would be related to increasing complexity, that both would load on separate factors, and that higher-order analyses would indicate an underlying second-order spatial factor. Analysis included very strong zero-order correlations with age. When age was partialed out, three first-order factors were obtained. Higher-order analyses yielded one second-order factor which appeared related to a general factor of spatial intelligence.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document