Traumatic Brain Injury and Prospective Memory: An Examination of the Influences of Executive Functioning and Retrospective Memory

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) on prospective memory. It also sought to identify the relative contributions of executive functioning and retrospective memory to prospective memory. Thirteen patients with severe TBI and 13 matched control subjects were assessed on two novel, yet ecologically valid, experimental measures of prospective memory and standard tests of neuropsychological functioning. Participants with TBI performed significantly worse than did controls on neuropsychological tests and a time-based prospective memory task, indicating that TBI affected not only retrospective but also prospective memory functioning. Multiple regression analyses identified relationships between executive functioning and time-based prospective memory and between retrospective memory and event-based prospective memory. Implications of these findings for the assessment and rehabilitation of memory impairment in individuals with TBI are discussed.

Download Full-text

Event-based prospective memory performance during subacute recovery following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury in children: Effects of monetary incentives

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s135561770999138x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 335-341 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

STEPHEN R. McCAULEY ◽

CLAUDIA PEDROZA ◽

SANDRA B. CHAPMAN ◽

LORI G. COOK ◽

GILLIAN HOTZ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Prospective Memory ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Recovery Phase ◽

Monetary Incentives ◽

Incentive Condition ◽

Severe Tbi ◽

Orthopedic Injuries ◽

Event Based

AbstractThere are very few studies investigating remediation of event-based prospective memory (EB-PM) impairments following traumatic brain injury (TBI). To address this, we used 2 levels of motivational enhancement (dollarsvs.pennies) to improve EB-PM in children with moderate to severe TBI in the subacute recovery phase. Children with orthopedic injuries (OI;n= 61), moderate (n= 28), or severe (n= 30) TBI were compared. Significant effects included Group × Motivation Condition (F(2, 115) = 3.73,p< .03). The OI (p< .002) and moderate TBI (p< .03) groups performed significantly better under the high-versuslow-incentive condition; however, the severe TBI group failed to demonstrate improvement (p= .38). EB-PM performance was better in adolescents compared to younger children (p< .02). These results suggest that EB-PM can be significantly improved in the subacute phase with this level ofmonetaryincentives in children with moderate, but not severe, TBI. Other strategies to improve EB-PM in these children at a similar point in recovery remain to be identified and evaluated. (JINS, 2010,16, 335–341.)

Download Full-text

Prospective memory functioning in people with and without brain injury

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617702801321 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 645-654 ◽

Cited By ~ 82

Author(s):

Yvonne C. T. Groot ◽

Barbara A. Wilson ◽

Jonathan Evans ◽

Peter Watson

Keyword(s):

Brain Injury ◽

Executive Functioning ◽

Prospective Memory ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Memory Test ◽

Control Mechanisms ◽

Memory Functioning ◽

New Instrument ◽

Event Based ◽

Prospective Memory Performance

AbstractProspective remembering has been relatively underinvestigated in neurological patients. This paper describes a group study in which the prospective memory performance of 36 people with brain injury and 28 control participants is compared. We used a new instrument, the Cambridge Behaviour Prospective Memory Test (CBPMT) to assess prospective memory. This comprises 4 time-based and 4 event-based tasks. Participants were allowed to take notes to help them remember the tasks. The relationships between CBPMT scores, scores on formal tests and subjective reports on memory, attention and executive functioning were analyzed. The key findings were that (1) note-taking significantly benefited prospective memory performance, (2) significant relationships were found between scores on the prospective memory test and scores on tests of memory and executive functions, and (3) participants had more difficulty with the time-based than with the event-based prospective memory tasks. The results suggest that compensatory strategies improve prospective memory functioning; memory for content as well as attention and executive functioning processes are involved in prospective memory; and that time-based tasks are more difficult than event-based tasks because they place higher demands on inhibitory control mechanisms. Discussion focuses on the implications of these results for neuropsychological assessment and rehabilitation.

Download Full-text

B-34Recovery of Event-Based Prospective Memory Following Traumatic Brain Injury

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acw043.109 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 626.1-626

Author(s):

K Robertson ◽

S Kelly ◽

M Schmitter-Edgecombe

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Prospective Memory ◽

Event Based

Download Full-text

Prospective Memory

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199336746.013.9 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rebekah E. Smith

Keyword(s):

Prospective Memory ◽

Memory Task ◽

Future Research ◽

Prospective Memory Task ◽

Retrospective Memory ◽

Memory Processes ◽

Intended Action ◽

Event Based ◽

New Framework

Prospective memory involves remembering to perform an action when there is a delay between forming the intention to act and the point at which the action can be carried out. The distinction between time- and event-based prospective memory, the typical laboratory paradigm, and the concept of cost as a measure of the extent to which attention is allocated to the prospective memory task at the expense of other activities are described. Two theories of prospective memory are compared. Also noted is that prospective memory involves retrospective memory processes, for remembering what the intended action is and remembering when the action is to be performed, and a prospective component for remembering that something is to be done. The new concept of metaintentions or metaintentional processes is introduced along with a new framework for organizing existing research and motivating future research. The literature is reviewed within the structure of this new framework.

Download Full-text

Dementia after traumatic brain injury

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610205001973 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 17 (s1) ◽

pp. S93-S107 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Sergio E. Starkstein ◽

Ricardo Jorge

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Executive Functioning ◽

Prospective Studies ◽

Retrospective Studies ◽

Neuropsychological Deficits ◽

Clinical Expression ◽

History Of ◽

Severe Tbi ◽

Meta Analyses

Early retrospective studies suggested that individuals with a history of a traumatic brain injury (TBI) had a higher risk for dementia than those without a history of TBI. Two meta-analyses demonstrated that the risk for dementia is higher among men, but not women, with a history of TBI. More recent prospective studies, however, are providing discrepant findings, probably due to important methodological differences. TBI is usually associated with significant neuropsychological deficits, primarily in the domains of attention, executive functioning and memory. These deficits may not improve with time. TBI may also lower the threshold for the clinical expression of dementia among predisposed individuals, and the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like neuropathological and biochemical changes immediately after severe TBI may play an important role in this mechanism.

Download Full-text

Home Environment as a Predictor of Long-Term Executive Functioning following Early Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617717000595 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 11-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Christianne Laliberté Durish ◽

Keith Owen Yeates ◽

Terry Stancin ◽

H. Gerry Taylor ◽

Nicolay C. Walz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Early Childhood ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Executive Functioning ◽

Home Environment ◽

Group Differences ◽

Severe Tbi

AbstractObjectives:This study examined the relationship of the home environment to long-term executive functioning (EF) following early childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods:Participants (N=134) were drawn from a larger parent study of 3- to 6-year-old children hospitalized for severe TBI (n=16), complicated mild/moderate TBI (n=44), or orthopedic injury (OI;n=74), recruited prospectively at four tertiary care hospitals in the United States and followed for an average of 6.8 years post-injury. Quality of the home environment, caregiver psychological distress, and general family functioning were assessed shortly after injury (i.e., early home) and again at follow-up (i.e., late home). Participants completed several performance-based measures of EF at follow-up. Hierarchical regression analyses examined the early and late home environment measures as predictors of EF, both as main effects and as moderators of group differences.Results:The early and late home environment were inconsistent predictors of long-term EF across groups. Group differences in EF were significant for only the TEA-Ch Walk/Don’t Walk subtest, with poorer performance in the severe TBI group. However, several significant interactions suggested that the home environment moderated group differences in EF, particularly after complicated mild/moderate TBI.Conclusions:The home environment is not a consistent predictor of long-term EF in children with early TBI and OI, but may moderate the effects of TBI on EF. The findings suggest that interventions designed to improve the quality of stimulation in children’s home environments might reduce the long-term effects of early childhood TBI on EF. (JINS, 2018,24, 11–21)

Download Full-text

Effect of Cognitive Demand on Prospective Memory in Individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury

Brain Impairment ◽

10.1375/brim.4.2.135.27024 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 135-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Annick Maujean ◽

David Shum ◽

Rachel McQueen

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Prospective Memory ◽

Word Association ◽

Memory Task ◽

Cognitive Demand ◽

Association Test ◽

Prospective Memory Task ◽

Ongoing Task ◽

Word Association Test

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the influence of cognitive demand on prospective-memory in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) using a dual-task paradigm. Fourteen individuals with severe TBI and 14 matched controls were required to undertake two tasks. A lexical-decision task was used as an ongoing task and had two levels of cognitive demand (viz., low and high). The event-based prospective-memory task involved performing a specific action whenever a target stimulus appeared during the ongoing task. The Letter-Number Sequencing Test, the Tower of London and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test were also administered to assess the relationship between prefrontal lobe functions and prospective memory. As hypothesised, participants in the TBI group performed more poorly than participants in the control group on the prospective-memory task in the high but not in the low demand condition. There were significant correlations between prospective-memory task performance and scores on the Letter-Number Sequencing Test and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test. These findings help to clarify the nature of prospective-memory impairment in individuals with TBI and support the involvement of prefrontal processes in prospective remembering.

Download Full-text

Traumatic Brain Injury and Prospective Memory in a Virtual Shopping Trip Task: Does It Matter Who Generates the Prospective Memory Target?

Brain Impairment ◽

10.1375/brim.10.1.45 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 45-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Glynda J. Kinsella ◽

Ben Ong ◽

Jodie Tucker

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Prospective Memory ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Generation Effect ◽

Control Group ◽

Retrospective Memory ◽

Impact Performance ◽

Assessment Task ◽

Virtual Shopping

AbstractThe current study aimed to investigate prospective memory in traumatic brain injury by using a laboratory-based but naturalistic style assessment task. The objective was to determine if performance differed when the prospective memory targets were self-generated or experimenter-generated (a generation effect). Sixteen people who had sustained a traumatic brain injury and had received rehabilitation were compared to 16 healthy age-matched control participants on a naturalistic virtual measure of shopping and prospective memory. Results demonstrated that the traumatic brain group was less accurate in overall prospective remembering performance than the control group but there was a lack of difference between the self- and experimenter-generated prospective memory targets for both participant groups. Both retrospective memory and executive attention of working memory were associated with prospective memory performance in the naturalistic task. The findings of the study suggest that the generation effect commonly observed in retrospective memory performance may not impact performance in prospective memory.

Download Full-text