scholarly journals Twins Reared Apart: A Forgotten Case / Twin Research Reviews: X-Inactivation and Female Co-Twin Discordance for Hemophilia; Transplantation for Breast Reconstruction; Chimerism and Telomere Attrition in Dizygotic Twins; Divergent Life Histories in Twins Reared Apart / Current Concerns: High ACT-Scoring Twins; Dating a Twin; When Gender Identities Diverge / The Holland Twins

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy L. Segal
Keyword(s):  
Breast Reconstruction ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
X Inactivation ◽  
Unrelated Family ◽  
Twin Research ◽  
Telomere Attrition ◽  
Current Concerns ◽  
Unrelated Child

AbstractA forgotten story of monozygotic twins reared apart is described. The pair, born in 1941 in Fribourg, Switzerland, were separated due to switch-baby incident in the hospital. This caused one twin to be raised as a singleton by an unrelated family, and the other twin to be raised as a ‘dizygotic’ twin with an unrelated child. This is followed by reviews of recent twin research and case studies of X-inactivation and hemophilia, breast reconstruction, chimerism and life histories. The final section of the article includes human interest pieces on academic twins, dating twins, transsexual twins and athletic twins.

scholarly journals Ectothermic telomeres: it's time they came in from the cold

2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1741) ◽  
pp. 20160449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Olsson ◽  
Erik Wapstra ◽  
Christopher Friesen
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Telomere Attrition ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Warm Environment ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
In The Wild

We review the evolutionary ecology and genetics of telomeres in taxa that cannot elevate their body temperature to a preferred level through metabolism but do so by basking or seeking out a warm environment. This group of organisms contains all living things on earth, apart from birds and mammals. One reason for our interest in this synthetic group is the argument that high, stable body temperature increases the risk of malignant tumours if long, telomerase-restored telomeres make cells ‘live forever’. If this holds true, ectotherms should have significantly lower cancer frequencies. We discuss to what degree there is support for this ‘anti-cancer’ hypothesis in the current literature. Importantly, we suggest that ectothermic taxa, with variation in somatic telomerase expression across tissue and taxa, may hold the key to understanding ongoing selection and evolution of telomerase dynamics in the wild. We further review endotherm-specific effects of growth on telomeres, effects of autotomy (‘tail dropping’) on telomere attrition, and costs of maintaining sexual displays measured in telomere attrition. Finally, we cover plant ectotherm telomeres and life histories in a separate ‘mini review’. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Understanding diversity in telomere dynamics'.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Twin Research in Progress/Twin Research Reviews: Asthmatic and Nonasthmatic Twins; Stanford University Study of Anal Prints; Twin Mammals and COVID-19; Twin Delivery and the Three ‘Rs’/Mixed Media: The Rainman Twins — The Film; Twins Irish Pub; Twins ‘Covid and Corona’; Death of a Surgeon Who Separated Conjoined Twins; Twinco — Twin-Based Supply Company

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-263
Author(s):  
Nancy L. Segal
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Mixed Media ◽  
Conjoined Twins ◽  
Stanford University ◽  
Twin Research ◽  
Twin Delivery ◽  
The Three Rs

AbstractIt is likely that genetic factors play a role in the susceptibility to, and recovery from, COVID-19. A survey of ongoing twin research could produce findings likely to help in the prevention and management of this pandemic. This survey is followed by a review of research comparing selected features of asthmatic and nonasthmatic twins, links between twin mammals and COVID-19, and relationships between twin delivery and the three ‘Rs’. The final section of this article presents newsworthy twin-related items, some associated with COVID-19. They include a summary of the Rainman Twins film, a study of anal prints, the ‘Twins’ Irish pub, newborn twins ‘Covid and Corona’, the death of a surgeon who separated conjoined twins, and Twinco, a twin-based supply company.

Vaginal Delivery of Monozygotic Twins after Bilateral Pedicle TRAM Breast Reconstruction

2002 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 1653-1654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Johnson ◽  
Linda M. Barney ◽  
Jeffery C. King
Keyword(s):  
Breast Reconstruction ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Monozygotic Twins

scholarly journals Monozygotic Triplets: Concordance and Discordance for Cleft Lip and Palate / Twin Research Reviews: Depression in Mothers of Multiples; Depression in Mothers and Fathers of ART Conceived Multiples; Epigenetic Differences in Monozygotic Twins; Congenital Anomalies in Surviving Twins / Headlines × Two: Twin Chefs; The World's Largest Twin Registry; Twin Table Tennis Champions

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy L. Segal
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Table Tennis ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Twin Research ◽  
Twin Registry ◽  
Reproductive Techniques ◽  
Mz Twins

AbstractA review of twin research on cleft lip and palate is presented. This information is accompanied by a look at the lives of young monozygotic (MZ) male triplets concordant for cleft lip, but discordant for the type and placement of the cleft and for the presence of cleft palate. Research on depression in mothers and fathers of twins conceived naturally and by artificial reproductive techniques follows. Current findings and implications of epigenetic differences in MZ twins are also summarized. Interesting life history events surrounding MZ twin chefs and table tennis players, as well as plans to construct the world's largest twin registry, are presented in the final section.

scholarly journals Brazilian Twin Registry: A Bright Future for Twin Studies/Twin Research: Twin Study of Alcohol Consumption and Mortality; Oxygen Uptake in Adolescent Twins/In the News: Superfecundated Twins In Vietnam; Adolescent Twin Relations; Twin and Triplet Co-Workers; A Special Twin Ultrasound; Monozygotic Twins With Different Skin Color; Identical Twin Returns from Space

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy L. Segal
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Twin Research ◽  
Twin Registry

The establishment of the Brazilian Twin Registry for the study of genetic, social, and cultural influences on behavior is one of eleven newly funded projects in the Department of Psychology at the University of São Paulo. These 11 interrelated projects form the core of the university's Center for Applied Research on Well-Being and Human Behavior. An overview of the planned twin research and activities to date is presented. Next, two recent twin studies are reviewed, one on the relationship between alcohol consumption and mortality, and the other on factors affecting maximal oxygen uptake. Twins cited in the media include the first identified superfecundated twins in Vietnam, adolescent twin relations, twins and triplets who work together, monozygotic twins with different skin tones and a co-twin control study that addresses the effects of space travel.

scholarly journals ‘Biracial’-Looking Twins: A New Twin Type?/Twin Research: Twins with Cystic Teratomas; Sleep Quality and Body Mass Index; Previable Membrane Rupture/Print and Online Reports: Twins Born to a Sister Surrogate; NASA Twin Study; African-Cosmopolitan Twin Fashion Inspirations; Triplet Hockey Stars

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy L. Segal
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Twin Research ◽  
Membrane Rupture ◽  
The Media

Dizygotic (DZ) co-twins born to mothers and fathers from different racial or ethnic backgrounds often resemble one parent much more than the other. As such, these pairs comprise a unique subset of twins for investigating how others’ responses to their different looks may affect their personalities and self-esteem. This article describes some of these twin pairs and some challenges of raising them, and suggests ways they may be used in research. Next, recent twin research on cystic teratomas, relations between sleep quality and body mass index, and previable membrane rupture is described. The final section concerns twins, twin studies, and related events in the media, namely: twins born to a sister surrogate, the NASA twin investigation, inspiring African-Cosmopolitan twins in fashion, and triplet Hockey Stars.

scholarly journals Twin Reunions: The Science Behind the Fascination/Twin Research Reports: Altitude and Hypoxia; Twin Pregnancy Outcomes; Space Mission/Media Highlights: Chinese Twins Reunited; Twin Loss Discovered; Hidden Twins; Twin Euthanasia; Twin Savior

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1008-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy L. Segal
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Space Mission ◽  
Space Travel ◽  
Twin Research ◽  
The Media ◽  
Human Social Behavior ◽  
Chinese Twins

A description of the unique qualitative features of reunions between separated monozygotic twins is presented. The scientific implications of these observations are considered with reference to understanding human social behavior in general. This is followed by summaries of twin research on altitude and hypoxia, pregnancy outcomes, and space travel. Finally, recent accounts of twins in the media are noted; in particular, a rare reunion of adult monozygotic male Chinese twins, a novelist's personal discovery of twin loss, two renowned but ‘hidden’ twins, the moving story of an identical Belgian pair, and a twin savior.

Timing of Twinning, X-Inactivation and Sex Proportion at Birth

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (S1) ◽  
pp. 8-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Derom ◽  
Robert Vlietinck ◽  
Robert Derom
Keyword(s):  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
X Inactivation ◽  
Homogeneous Group

AbstractTwins are not a homogeneous group. According to zygosity and chorionicity essential differences exist. The lower sex proportion at birth is due to the monozygotic twins, especially the monoamnionic variety. X-inactivation patterns in monozygotic twin girls are totally symmetrical in monoamnionic pairs, almost symmetrical in monochorionic diamnionic pairs and can be very asymmetrical in the dichorionic variety.

scholarly journals Twins Separated at Birth: Across a Country and Around the World/Twin Research: Memorial Tribute to Isaac Blickstein, MD; Infanticide and Sacrifice of Archaic-Aged Twins and Triplets; Prehistoric Twin Burials; Highlights from a Conference on Three Identical Strangers/Media Reports: An Atypical Twin Father; An Actor’s Twin Brother; Twin Link to Tulsa, Oklahoma Massacre; Superfetated Twins; Twin Comedians and Script Writers; Indian Twins’ Loss to COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Nancy L. Segal
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Twin Pair ◽  
The Other ◽  
Twin Research ◽  
Twin Brother ◽  
Research Section ◽  
The World ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
Media Reports

Abstract Every reared-apart monozygotic (MZ) twin pair offers a fresh perspective on human developmental questions. This is true regardless of whether the co-twins were raised in the same country or across the globe. The members of two pairs of separated MZ female twins have recently come to attention. In one case the twins were raised by different families in Argentina; in the other case the twins were raised by different families in Sweden and Vietnam. The perceptions and perspectives of these twins are insightful. The twin research section that follows begins with a tribute to our late esteemed colleague, Dr Isaac Blickstein (1953−2020). Research concerning the infanticide and sacrifice of Archaic-aged twins and triplets and prehistoric twin burials is reviewed next. Highlights from a conference focused on the 2018 film Three Identical Strangers are also included in this portion. The final section of this article includes media reports of an atypical twin father, an actor’s twin brother, a twin link to the 1921 Tulsa, Oklahoma massacre, the birth of superfetated twins, twin comedians and script writers and Indian twins’ tragic loss to COVID-19.

scholarly journals Individual telomere dynamics and their links to life history in a viviparous lizard

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1951) ◽  
pp. 20210271
Author(s):  
L. J. Fitzpatrick ◽  
M. Olsson ◽  
A. Pauliny ◽  
G. M. While ◽  
E. Wapstra
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Telomere Attrition ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Telomere Lengthening ◽  
Telomere Dynamics

Emerging patterns suggest telomere dynamics and life history are fundamentally linked in endotherms through life-history traits that mediate the processes underlying telomere attrition. Unlike endotherms, ectotherms maintain the ability to lengthen somatic telomeres throughout life and the link between life-history strategies and ectotherm telomere dynamics is unknown. In a well-characterized model system ( Niveoscincus ocellatus ), we used long-term longitudinal data to study telomere dynamics across climatically divergent populations. We found longer telomeres in individuals from the cool highlands than those from the warm lowlands at birth and as adults. The key determinant of adult telomere length across populations was telomere length at birth, with population-specific effects of age and growth on adult telomere length. The reproductive effort had no proximate effect on telomere length in either population. Maternal factors influenced telomere length at birth in the warm lowlands but not the cool highlands. Our results demonstrate that life-history traits can have pervasive and context-dependent effects on telomere dynamics in ectotherms both within and between populations. We argue that these telomere dynamics may reflect the populations' different life histories, with the slow-growing cool highland population investing more into telomere lengthening compared to the earlier-maturing warm lowland population.

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