Social Development of Twins

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisabeth Fisher DiLalla
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Aggressive Behaviors ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Peer Play ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Competing Hypotheses

AbstractThis project sought to examine 2 competing hypotheses: first, that twins are likely to be more prosocial by virtue of growing up with another same-age peer in the home, or second, that they are less prosocial because they have become more comfortable interacting with a same-age peer who is both genetically and environmentally similar to themselves and therefore they are less comfortable with other children who are dissimilar. Two studies were conducted to compare twins to singletons on measures of prosocial and aggressive behaviors. In Study 1, 5-year-olds (N = 91 twins and N = 152 singletons) engaged in a peer play situation with an unfamiliar, same-age, same-sex peer, and they were rated on items assessing prosocial and aggressive behaviors. Results showed that twins were less prosocial but not more aggressive than were singletons. In Study 2, which was a supplemented follow-up study of twins in Study 1, 10- to 15-year-old twins (N = 98) and singletons (N = 84) were rated by their parents on prosocial and aggressive behaviors. No significant differences were found between the groups on prosocial behavior, but twins were rated as more aggressive than singletons. Thus, in early childhood twins appear to exhibit fewer prosocial behaviors with unfamiliar peers, but this prosocial deficit was not aligned with parent-reported prosocial behaviors in adolescence. In adolescence, twins were rated by parents as more aggressive. These studies suggest that twins may be at risk for poorer social interactions in early and middle childhood.

scholarly journals Categorising ultra-processed foods in large-scale cohort studies: evidence from the Nurses’ Health Studies, the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, and the Growing Up Today Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Khandpur ◽  
Sinara Rossato ◽  
Jean-Philippe Drouin-Chartier ◽  
Mengxi Du ◽  
Euridice M. Steele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Grocery Store ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Health Studies

Abstract This manuscript details the strategy employed for categorising food items based on their processing levels into the four NOVA groups. Semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) from the Nurses’ Health Studies (NHS) I and II, the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) and the Growing Up Today Studies (GUTS) I and II cohorts were used. The four-stage approach included: (i) the creation of a complete food list from the FFQs; (ii) assignment of food items to a NOVA group by three researchers; (iii) checking for consensus in categorisation and shortlisting discordant food items; (iv) discussions with experts and use of additional resources (research dieticians, cohort-specific documents, online grocery store scans) to guide the final categorisation of the short-listed items. At stage 1, 205 and 315 food items were compiled from the NHS and HPFS, and the GUTS FFQs, respectively. Over 70 % of food items from all cohorts were assigned to a NOVA group after stage 2. The remainder were shortlisted for further discussion (stage 3). After two rounds of reviews at stage 4, 95⋅6 % of food items (NHS + HPFS) and 90⋅7 % items (GUTS) were categorised. The remaining products were assigned to a non-ultra-processed food group (primary categorisation) and flagged for sensitivity analyses at which point they would be categorised as ultra-processed. Of all items in the food lists, 36⋅1 % in the NHS and HPFS cohorts and 43⋅5 % in the GUTS cohorts were identified as ultra-processed. Future work is needed to validate this approach. Documentation and discussions of alternative approaches for categorisation are encouraged.

scholarly journals Categorizing ultra-processed food intake in large-scale cohort studies: evidence from the Nurses’ Health Studies, the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, and the Growing Up Today Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Khandpur ◽  
Sinara Rossato ◽  
Jean-Philippe Drouin-Chartier ◽  
Mengxi Du ◽  
Euridice Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Health Studies

AbstractObjectiveThere is limited description and documentation of the methods used for the categorization of dietary intake according to the NOVA classification, in large-scale cohort studies. This manuscript details the strategy employed for categorizing the food intake, assessed using food frequency questionnaires (FFQs), of participants in the Nurses’ Health Studies (NHS) I and II, the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), and the Growing Up Today Studies (GUTS) I and II into the four NOVA groups to identify the ultra-processed portion of their diets.MethodsA four-stage approach was employed: (1) compilation of all food items from the FFQs used at different waves of data collection; (2) assignment of food items to a NOVA group by three researchers working independently; (3) checking for consensus in categorization and shortlisting food items for which there was disagreement; (4) discussions with experts and use of additional resources (research dieticians, cohort-specific documents, online grocery store scans) to guide the final categorization of the short-listed items.ResultsAt stage 1, 205 and 315 food items were compiled from the adult and GUTS FFQ food lists, respectively. Over 70% of food items from all cohorts were assigned to a NOVA group after stage 2 and the remainder were shortlisted for further discussion (stage 3). Two rounds of reviews at stage 4 helped with the categorization of 96.5% of items from the adult cohorts and 90.7% items from the youth cohort. The remaining products were assigned to a non-ultra-processed food group and ear-marked for sensitivity analyses. Of all items in the food lists, 36.1% in the adult cohorts and 43.5% in the GUTS cohorts were identified as ultra-processed.ConclusionAn iterative, conservative approach was used to categorize food items from the NHS, HPFS and GUTS FFQ food lists according to their grade of processing. The approach relied on discussions with experts and was informed by insights from the research dieticians, information provided by cohort-specific documents, and scans of online supermarkets. Future work is needed to validate this approach.

Intact Marriages in Which One Partner Experiences Same-Sex Attraction: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Yarhouse ◽  
Christine H. Gow ◽  
Edward B. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Same Sex ◽  
Sex Attraction ◽  
Follow Up Study

Joining a New Family: The Views and Experiences of Young People Placed with Permanent Families during Middle Childhood

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherilyn Dance ◽  
Alan Rushton
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Foster Families ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
New Family ◽  
Considerable Length

Cherilyn Dance and Alan Rushton report on the views of a group of young people who had joined adoptive or foster families some six years previously when they were between five and 11 years old (the Maudsley Follow-Up Study). The report focuses on the experience of joining a new family, family relationships and feelings of belonging. It was striking that it could take some young people a considerable length of time to feel settled; however, by the follow-up stage the great majority felt very much a part of their family. Several described their placement as an opportunity for a ‘new start’. A small minority was less settled and expressed continued discomfort with their adoptive status. The authors discuss the direction of current practice and policy developments with reference to these findings.

scholarly journals Social Distance and Tolerance of Students Secondary Vocational Inclusive Schools

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.S. Gladilina
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Inclusive Schools ◽  
Joint Training ◽  
Students Attitudes

The study aimed to assess the changes in the level of tolerance of healthy students to the students with HIA, we discuss the change of the social distance between patients with HIA and healthy students in secondary vocational schools that have implemented programs of inclusive education. The primary survey was attended by 222 people: 66 people with the HIA and 156 people without the developmental disease, the follow-up study - by 222 people: 66 people with the HIA and 156 people without the disease. The basis of the study was the measurement of social distance using questionnaires developed by S.B. Fedorov, under the supervision by L.M. Shipitsina at the Institute of Special Pedagogy and Psychology (2000). We revealed the specific features of the formation of tolerance among students without pathology to the persons with HIA. We show different students' attitudes toward people with different developmental pathologies and multidirectional dynamics in relation to social interactions in various forms in healthy students and students with the HIA. The joint training of healthy students and those with HIA revealed a trend towards more conscious understanding of the characteristics of social interaction with persons with HIA in healthy students.

Electron Microscopy of Human Gallstones

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
C. Wolpers ◽  
R. Blaschke
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Triclinic Crystal System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Main Components

Scanning microscopy was used to study the surface of human gallstones and the surface of fractures. The specimens were obtained by operation, washed with water, dried at room temperature and shadowcasted with carbon and aluminum. Most of the specimens belong to patients from a series of X-ray follow-up study, examined during the last twenty years. So it was possible to evaluate approximately the age of these gallstones and to get information on the intensity of growing and solving.Cholesterol, a group of bile pigment substances and different salts of calcium, are the main components of human gallstones. By X-ray diffraction technique, infra-red spectroscopy and by chemical analysis it was demonstrated that all three components can be found in any gallstone. In the presence of water cholesterol crystallizes in pane-like plates of the triclinic crystal system.

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