scholarly journals Response to Puts and Dawood's ‘The Evolution of Female Orgasm: Adaptation or Byproduct?’ — Been There

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-608
Author(s):  
Elisabeth A. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Distribution Curve ◽  
Female Orgasm ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractDavid Puts and Khytam Dawood's recent critique of my book, The Case of the Female Orgasm: Bias in the Science of Evolution, attempts to make plausible an adaptive account of female orgasm based on a hypothesized mechanism of uterine upsuck and sperm competition. Yet the authors fail to respond to the criticisms of such accounts that I detailed previously in my book. They raise a further concern about my definition of adaptation — a red herring — and manufacture a conceptual error regarding heritability that they then attribute to me. Most seriously, they fail to address the glaring failure of sperm competition accounts to accord with evidence from sexology. Specifically, the distribution curve of orgasm-with-intercourse — according to Dawood et al.'s own data, as well as others' — is relatively flat across the various classes. This curve needs to be tested against a well-formed multistrategy adaptive hypothesis; it cannot be explained by the adaptive account defended by Puts and Dawood in their critique.

Method for nano-powder dispersion degree definition

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (7) ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Лариса Шестопалова ◽  
Larisa Shestopalova
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Curve ◽  
Powder Dispersion ◽  
Nano Powder ◽  
Dispersion Degree ◽  
Definition Of

Relying upon Stokes Law there was offered a way for the definition of nano-powder dispersion on measuring a speed of its sedimentation from powder slurry in water. Way is to construct differential nanopowder’s particles distribution curve of by fractions to determine their main size.

scholarly journals PHENOTYPIC EXPRESSION OF A GENETIC PROPERTY INTRODUCED BY DEOXYRIBONUCLEATE

1959 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice S. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Distribution Curve ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Normal Distribution Curve ◽  
Phenotypic Alteration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Mean Time

The time course of the appearance of cells showing a new phenotype, following treatment with a specific DNA, has been analyzed. A plot as a function of time of the number of cells showing the new property closely resembles the summation under a normal distribution curve. Describing the appearance of the new phenotype in these terms permits the definition of two parameters, the mean time, and the standard deviation of the distribution curve. This distribution is not affected either by the DNA concentration with which the transformable population has been treated, or by the streptomycin concentration with which the transformed population has been challenged. Interruptions of the expression process, by cooling to 20° or 0°C., serve only to displace the expression curves, without changing their shape, while small reductions in temperature change both the mean time of expression and the standard deviation of the distribution curve. On the basis of these observations a number of hypotheses have been examined concerning the mechanism whereby transforming DNA manifests a phenotypic alteration in the transformed cells. It can be concluded that there exist at least two stages in the process of expression. The completion of the first stage, causing the randomization, occurs with a mean time of about 60 minutes, and a terminal step, that of the transition of phenotype, occurs in less than 3 minutes.

Introductory paper

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
W. W. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Line Intensity ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Spectral Classification ◽  
Dimensional Array ◽  
Rr Lyrae ◽  
Metallic Line ◽  
Introductory Paper ◽  
Parameter Varying ◽  
Definition Of

1. The definition of “normal” stars in spectral classification changes with time; at the time of the publication of theYerkes Spectral Atlasthe term “normal” was applied to stars whose spectra could be fitted smoothly into a two-dimensional array. Thus, at that time, weak-lined spectra (RR Lyrae and HD 140283) would have been considered peculiar. At the present time we would tend to classify such spectra as “normal”—in a more complicated classification scheme which would have a parameter varying with metallic-line intensity within a specific spectral subdivision.

2.2. Working Group 2: Conceptual Definitions of Reference Coordinate Systems for Earth Dynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Working Group ◽  
General Character ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Reference Coordinate System ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Earth Dynamics

An ideal definition of a reference coordinate system should meet the following general requirements:1. It should be as conceptually simple as possible, so its philosophy is well understood by the users.2. It should imply as few physical assumptions as possible. Wherever they are necessary, such assumptions should be of a very general character and, in particular, they should not be dependent upon astronomical and geophysical detailed theories.3. It should suggest a materialization that is dynamically stable and is accessible to observations with the required accuracy.

Symbiotic Stars at Optical, Infrared and Radio Wavelengths

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 125-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Type Star ◽  
Stellar Systems ◽  
Symbiotic Stars ◽  
Lower Excitation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Original Type

No paper of this nature should begin without a definition of symbiotic stars. It was Paul Merrill who, borrowing on his botanical background, coined the termsymbioticto describe apparently single stellar systems which combine the TiO absorption of M giants (temperature regime ≲ 3500 K) with He II emission (temperature regime ≳ 100,000 K). He and Milton Humason had in 1932 first drawn attention to three such stars: AX Per, CI Cyg and RW Hya. At the conclusion of the Mount Wilson Ha emission survey nearly a dozen had been identified, and Z And had become their type star. The numbers slowly grew, as much because the definition widened to include lower-excitation specimens as because new examples of the original type were found. In 1970 Wackerling listed 30; this was the last compendium of symbiotic stars published.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document