scholarly journals Digital Exclusion in the Labour Market in European Countries: Causes and Consequences

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Izabela Czaja ◽  
Maria Urbaniec
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
Digital Exclusion ◽  
And Control ◽  
It Knowledge ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modern Technologies

Changes in the labour market in Europe, as well as globally, evolve and are caused by many factors, the impact of which is difficult to predict. Technological changes, the universality of communication, and control solutions requiring new skills and advanced IT knowledge on programming of cooperating devices result in the exclusion from the labour market of people unable to handle advanced machines and devices. Accelerating technological changes may increase the number of those excluded. The purpose of this article is to identify the causes and effects of technological exclusion on the labour market in European countries. In order to achieve this research goal, a review of mainstream literature will be conducted followed by document-based research and statistical databases. The results of this analysis show that digital exclusion may result not only from lack of individual access to technology, but also from lack of skills or the ability to use technology, which leads to social exclusion or no access to jobs. This proves that attitudes towards modern technologies on the labour market in the context of finding or creating jobs and sources of income are varied and dependent on various factors.Keywords: labour market, digital divide, digital exclusion, digital skills, causes, consequences, DESI

Intergenerational Diversity Management – Terminal and Instrumental Values in the Opinion of Future Employees of Generation Y Entering the European Labour Market

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-169
Author(s):  
Magdalena Łużniak‑Piecha ◽  
Magdalena Kaczkowska‑Serafińska
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Generation Y ◽  
Management System ◽  
Diversity Management ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Instrumental Values ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Optimum Direction

The presented article is an analysis of the study on the structure of terminal and instrumental values in the opinion of future employees of Generation Y who in the next few years will enter the European labour market. The presented results show the impact of cultural differences (Poland, Italy, Ukraine, Russia, Belarus) on the above mentioned issues. The results of the research were compared with the results of the research conducted by the authors in previous years, and hence, has shown the optimum direction to shape the intergenerational diversity management system. The aim of the analysis was to identify strategies for managing employees of Generation Y coming from different European countries.

scholarly journals Higher Education Policies and Employability of University Graduates in the EU-28

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-133
Author(s):  
Elena Pelinescu ◽  
Mihaela Simionescu
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
High Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Value Added ◽  
European Countries ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Higher Education Policies ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective: The main purpose of this research is to analyze and reveal if the recent policy measures in higher education carried in European Union member countries have had a significant impact on the labour market integration of university graduates. Methodology: We selected a set of indicators that were common in the 2015 and 2016 editions of Structural Indicators for Monitoring Education and Training Systems in Europe and could offer an image of intensity of higher education policies in relation with labour market at European level. We further used these measures to test for any significant effects of the policies on the integration of graduates in the labour market. Findings: We found significant effects of various policy measures in high education in the European countries. We estimate a positive role for factors like monitoring of completion rates, requirements for the staff to have higher education, presence of educational guidelines, and recognition of formal and informal learning for entry in higher education. Value Added: This is the first study to address the impact of high education policies carried in European countries on the integration of college graduates. The study is distinct through both the design of new measures of higher education policy in Europe as well through testing whether the intensity of policies carried for higher education has affected the employability of young graduates or not. Recommendations: The results of this empirical research allow us to make some recommendations for improving the insertion of young graduates on European labour market.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC CONTEXTS OF DIFFERENCES IN DIGITAL EXCLUSION

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Tomasz Śmiałowski ◽  
Luiza Ochnio
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Digital Exclusion ◽  
The Impact

In the 21st century, the problem of digital divide is more and more dynamic. Lack of access to digital technology is now the same exclusion as once slavery, lack of access to education or to work. The paper presents the results of research on the impact of belonging to a socio-economic group and income on a scale and diversity of the digital divide of Polish households in 2003–2015. Author’s digital divide indicator was used to assess the impact. In the analyzed period, the scale of digital divide is gradually decreasing, however, its level depends on the socio-economic group and the income. From all socio-economic groups only in the group of students the digital exclusion as marginal. However, the phenomenon of digital divide was the most noticeable among the groups of farmers, pensioners and retirees – almost 80% of people from these groups were excluded or at risk of digital divide. In the case of the second analyzed factor, the research has shown that with the increase in income, the scale of digital divide and its diversification were getting smaller.

scholarly journals The family working-time model: Towards more gender equality in work and care

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 471-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Uwe Müller ◽  
Michael Neumann ◽  
Katharina Wrohlich
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Working Time ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Lump Sum ◽  
The Family ◽  
Working Time Model ◽  
The Impact

Since the millennium, the labour market participation of women and mothers is increasing across European countries. Several work/care policy measures underlie this evolution. At the same time, the labour market behaviour of fathers, as well as their involvement in care work, is relatively unchanging, meaning that employed mothers are facing an increased burden with respect to gainful employment and providing care. We propose a family working-time model that incentivizes fathers and mothers to both work in extended part-time employment. It provides a benefit in the form of a lump-sum transfer or income replacement for each parent if, and only if, both parents work 30 hours/week. Thus, it explicitly addresses fathers and – contrary to most conventional family policies – actively promotes the dual earner/dual carer paradigm. Combining microsimulation and labour supply estimation, we empirically analyse the potential of the family working-time model in the German context. The relatively small share of families already choosing the symmetric distribution of about 30 working hours would increase by 60 percent. By showing that a lump-sum transfer especially benefits low-income families, we contribute to the debate about redistributive implications of family policies. The basic principles of the model generalize to other European countries where families increasingly desire an equal distribution of employment and care. In order to enhance the impact of such a policy, employers’ norms and workplace culture as well as the supply of high-quality childcare must catch up with changing workforce preferences.

scholarly journals The labour market impact of COVID-19 lockdowns: Evidence from Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Schotte ◽  
Michael Danquah ◽  
Robert Darko Osei ◽  
Kunal Sen
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Small Business Owners ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Extensive And Intensive Margins ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we provide causal evidence of the impact of stringent lockdown policies on labour market outcomes at both the extensive and intensive margins, using Ghana as a case study. We take advantage of a specific policy setting, in which strict stay-at-home orders were issued and enforced in two spatially delimited areas, bringing Ghana’s major metropolitan centres to a standstill, while in the rest of the country less stringent regulations were in place. Using a difference-in-differences design, we find that the three-week lockdown had a large and significant immediate negative impact on employment in the treated districts, particularly among workers in informal self-employment. While the gap in employment between the treated and control districts had narrowed four months after the lockdown was lifted, we detect a persistent nationwide impact on labour market outcomes, jeopardizing particularly the livelihoods of small business owners mainly operating in the informal economy.

scholarly journals Five Possible impacts of Digitalisation in Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Graţiela Noja ◽  
Ciprian Pânzaru
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modern Technologies

Abstract The rapid swift towards digital transformations in a globalized modern economy is transforming the skills needed by Europe’s workers to maintain their jobs and remain actively integrated on the labour market. As the environment diversifies through the emergence of modern technologies, the working population advances the education for upskilling in a digital era. In this context, understanding the impact of digitalization and finding the appropriate responses is critical. Our paper explores several effects of digitalisation, connected to the Romanian socio-economic specificities.

Changing restructuring regimes in 11 European countries during and after the financial crisis

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ola Bergström
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
New Policies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

This article draws on longitudinal data to analyse restructuring in 11 EU member states in response to the 2008–2009 financial crisis. It finds that despite the dramatic crisis, restructuring regimes remained rather stable. New policies were adopted and existing policies were reformed, but changes were primarily within the existing regimes, though collectively agreed measures are important. However, in three countries, changes were more radical, indicating a shift in the dominant adjustment and governance mechanisms. These findings have implications for the understanding of how restructuring regimes change and how such changes may be studied, implying that restructuring policies cannot be evaluated in isolation. Any attempt to analyse the impact of restructuring policies on labour market outcomes must take account of the interplay of different policies and how their emphasis and character change over time.

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