scholarly journals A kapitalista társadalom struktúrája

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-177
Author(s):  
Zoltán Farkas

In this paper, I discuss the social structure of modern capitalist society in a new conception based on the theory of institutional sociology. In the first part of the paper, I briefly outline the social structure of modern capitalist society. Taking social relations into account in terms of certain types of social capital and social relationships, I differentiate the following social classes in the modern capitalist society: (1) authority class, (2) strong tolerated class, (3) supported class, (4) medial tolerated class, (5) patronized class, (6) restricted class, (7) less weak tolerated class, (8) less exposed class, (9) very weak tolerated class and (10) very exposed class. In the second part of the paper, I analyse the social structure or the social classes composing the social structure in more detail. In the third part, I point out further aspects that ought to be considered in the empirical research of the social structure of capitalist society

Author(s):  
Dennis Eversberg

Based on analyses of a 2016 German survey, this article contributes to debates on ‘societal nature relations’ by investigating the systematic differences between socially specific types of social relations with nature in a flexible capitalist society. It presents a typology of ten different ‘syndromes’ of attitudes toward social and environmental issues, which are then grouped to distinguish between four ideal types of social relationships with nature: dominance, conscious mutual dependency, alienation and contradiction. These are located in Pierre Bourdieu’s (1984) social space to illustrate how social relationships with nature correspond to people’s positions within the totality of social relations. Understanding how people’s perceptions of and actions pertaining to nature are shaped by their positions in these intersecting relations of domination – both within social space and between society and nature – is an important precondition for developing transformative strategies that will be capable of gaining majority support in flexible capitalist societies.


Author(s):  
Radita Gora

The increasing online trading system through e-commerce and social media has triggered a group of people, as entrusted service agents, to take part in the trade of fashion and cosmetics products carried out by either individual or social communities. In an effort to support the success of this individual trading system, the entrusted service agents take advantage of social capital to establish social relationships to be part of the circle of transactions for either re-sellers or sellers. Social capital is a skill that is inherent in an individual to establish social relationships with others. Based on the results of the study, the entrusted service agents have the habit to gather with the hedonist community, such as socialites and groups of wealthy people who have a consumptive nature, in a hope that in the circle of social relations there will be a social structure in the pattern of circular communication to create massive personal trade transaction relationships.


2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossam Ali-Hassan

Social capital represents resources or assets rooted in an individual’s or group’s network of social relations. It is a multidimensional and multilevel concept characterized by diverse definitions and conceptualizations, all of which focus on the structure and/or on the content of the social relations. A common conceptualization of social capital in information systems research consists of a structural, relational and cognitive dimension. The structural dimension represents the configuration of the social network and the characteristics of its ties. The relational dimension epitomizes assets embedded in the social relations, such as trust, obligations, and norms of reciprocity. The cognitive dimension is created by common codes, languages and narratives, and represents a shared context that facilitates interaction. To singular or collective network members, social capital can be a source of solidarity, information, cooperation, collaboration and influence. Ultimately, social capital has been and will remain sound theoretical grounding upon which to study information systems affected by social relationships and their embedded assets.


2020 ◽  
pp. 57-80
Author(s):  
Zoe Adams

The purpose of Part II of this book is to explore, at a more concrete level, the relationship between law and capitalist social relations, through a close genealogical study of the social category of the wage. This means tracing the evolution of this category through legal discourse, as capitalism developed in the United Kingdom. Chapter 4 will lay the groundwork for this analysis by specifying the methodological assumptions underpinning this genealogical analysis, while exploring, in more detail, how the contradictions inherent in capitalism manifest in the social category of the wage. The first section explains the nature, and importance, of ‘genealogy’. The second section explores two different conceptions of the wage in economic theory, with a view to teasing out the nature and significance of the wage as a social category and the contradictory functions it performs in capitalist society. The third section discusses the relevance of these ideas to our understanding of law’s role in relation to wage regulation, and employment status, by showing how approaches to these questions are influenced by legal actors’ beliefs about law’s ontology.


Author(s):  
Paulo Cesar Garré Silva ◽  
Antonio Paulino de Sousa Sousa

O presente artigo fundamenta-se no pensamento de Foucault, Labov e Boudieu. Objetiva relacionar língua e sociedade, mostrando que a sociedade humana não se constitui sem a linguagem, da mesma forma que a língua não se realiza fora das relações sociais. A relação entre língua e sociedade apresenta influência mútua, pois através da linguagem se participa das relações sociais de poder e as mudanças na estrutura social são decorrentes da dinâmica dessas relações. A língua não é um corpo autônomo capaz de determinar as relações sociais, como também não é determinada pela estrutura social, mas há uma relação de influências entre elas, por isso que pela análise linguística pode-se compreender elementos importantes da estrutura social, como também pela análise das relações sociais pode-se compreender muito dos processos linguísticos. A língua não está deslocada de um contexto sociocultural, sua significação é decorrente de seu contexto de produção, sua força simbólica se potencializa a partir da força do grupo social que a produz. A língua, assim como a sociedade, não é um corpo estático, há transformações significativas no decorrer do processo histórico, a mudança linguística não ocorre isolada do movimento de classe, muito embora ela não seja determinada por ele, há uma relação entre a mudança linguística e o movimento de classe, em que este só se completa quando ocorre a mudança linguística e, ao mesmo tempo, ela é um reflexo do movimento de classe. Assim, não se pode negar a relação de influências mútuas entre língua e sociedade.  Palavras-chave: Língua. Sociedade. Contexto sociocultural.Language and Society: mutual influences in the sociocultural construction processABSTRACTThis paper is based on the thought of Foucault, Labov and Boudieu and aims to relate language and society, showing that human society is not formed without the language, in the same way that the language is not out of social relations. The relationship between language and society presents mutual influence, since from the language we participate in the social relations of power and changes in the social structure itself are resulting from the dynamics of these relationships. The language is not a body as able to determine social relationships, nor is determined by social structure, but instead there is a relationship of influences between them, so that the linguistic analysis can understand important elements of the social structure, as well as the analysis of social relationships can be understood much of linguistic processes. The language is not shifted from a sociocultural context, its meaning is due to its context of production, as well as its symbolic force leverages from the strength of the social group that produces. The language, as well as society, is not a static body, there are significant changes in the course of the historical process, and language change does not occur in isolation from the class movement, although it is not determined by the class movement, there is a relationship between linguistic change and movement class, in that the movement of class only complete when the language change and at the same time, the language change is a reflection of the class movement. So, there's no denying the relationship of mutual influences between language and society.    Keywords: language. Society. Sociocultural context.Lengua y Sociedad: influencias mutuas en el proceso de construcción socioculturalRESUMENEl presente artículo se fundamenta en el pensamiento de Foucault, Labov y Boudieu y tiene como objetivo relacionar lengua y sociedad, mostrando que la sociedad humana no se constituye sin el lenguaje, de la misma forma que la lengua no se realiza fuera de las relaciones sociales. La relación entre lengua y sociedad presenta influencia mutua, pues a través del lenguaje se participa de las relaciones sociales de poder y los cambios en la estructura social son consecuencia de la dinámica de esas relaciones. La lengua no es un cuerpo autónomo capaz de determinar las relaciones sociales, como tampoco está determinada por la estructura social, pero hay una relación de influencias entre ellas, por eso que por el análisis lingüístico se pueden comprender elementos importantes de la estructura social, Por el análisis de las relaciones sociales se puede comprender mucho de los procesos lingüísticos. La lengua no está desplazada de un contexto sociocultural, su significación es consecuencia de su contexto de producción, su fuerza simbólica se potencia a partir de la fuerza del grupo social que la produce. La lengua, así como la sociedad, no es un cuerpo estático, hay transformaciones significativas en el curso del proceso histórico, el cambio lingüístico no ocurre aisladamente del movimiento de clase, aunque no es determinada por él, hay una relación entre el cambio lingüístico Y el movimiento de clase, en el que éste sólo se completa cuando ocurre el cambio lingüístico y, al mismo tiempo, es un reflejo del movimiento de clase. Así, no se puede negar la relación de influencias mutuas entre lengua y sociedad.Palabras clave: Lengua. Sociedad. Contexto sociocultural.


2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Lehtimäki ◽  
Katja Karintaus

The purpose of this case study is to increase our understanding of building strategic sensitivity and the ways by which internal social relationships contribute to it. Applying insights from social capital and social networks theories, the case explores the role of social relations in implementing a strategic initiative. The case study was conducted in close collaboration with the case firm to ensure the applicability of the research findings in an empirical setting. Strategic sensitivity is embedded in social interaction. Exploring both the structural and relational dimensions of social capital allows for understanding the role of social relationships in constraining and enhancing strategic sensitivity. The structural dimension gives information on the efficiency and vulnerability of the social relations, while, the relational dimension shows the motivation for interacting and sharing information and knowledge. Identification of the company as a social entity with humane values manifested in communication is important to the members of the globally operating organization. The case provides empirical evidence on the functioning of social capital and gives an insight to the importance of understanding social connections between the members of the organization.


Author(s):  
Alicja Szerląg ◽  
Arkadiusz Urbanek ◽  
Kamila Gandecka

Background: The analysis has involved social interactions in a multicultural environment. The social context has been defined by the Vilnius region (Lithuania), where national, religious, and cultural differences exist across generations (multicultural community). The space of “social relationships”, as one of the modules of the WHO quality of life assessment, has been studied. An innovation of the research has been related to the analysis of the phenomenon of community of nationalities and cultures as a predictor of quality of life (QoL). The social motive of the research has been the historical continuity (for centuries) of the construction of the Vilnius cultural borderland. Here, the local community evolves from a group of many cultures to an intercultural community. Interpreting the data, therefore, requires a long perspective (a few generations) to understand the quality of relationships. We see social interactions and strategies for building them as a potential for social QoL in multicultural environments. Methods: The research has been conducted on a sample of 374 respondents, including Poles (172), Lithuanians (133), and Russians (69). A diagnostic poll has been used. The respondents were adolescents (15–16 years). The research answers the question: What variables form the interaction strategies of adolescents in a multicultural environment? The findings relate to interpreting the social interactions of adolescents within the boundaries of their living environment. The description of the social relations of adolescents provides an opportunity to implement the findings for further research on QoL. Results: An innovative outcome of the research is the analysis of 3 interaction strategies (attachment to national identification, intercultural dialogue, and multicultural community building) as a background for interpreting QoL in a multicultural environment. Their understanding is a useful knowledge for QoL researchers. The data analysis has taken into account cultural and generational (historical) sensitivities. Therefore, the team studying the data has consisted of researchers and residents of the Vilnius region. We used the interaction strategies of adolescents to describe the category of “social relationships” in nationally and culturally diverse settings.


2021 ◽  
pp. 088541222199941
Author(s):  
Bokyong Shin

Although social capital is a relational concept, existing studies have focused less on measuring social relations. This article fills the gap by reviewing recent studies that used network measures grouped into three types according to the measurement level. The first group defined social capital as an individual asset and used node-level measures to explain personal benefits. The second group defined social capital as a collective asset and used graph-level measures to describe collective properties. The third group used subgraph-level measures to explain the development of social capital. This article offers a link between the concepts and measures of social capital.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Vu Cam Nhung ◽  
Lai Cao Mai Phuong

This study has explored and measured the composition of social capital of leaders affecting the capital activities, capital use and service provision of Vietnam commercial banks. The research hypotheses are built on previous studies and developed through expert interviews. The research model uses a system of questions to build out 4 scales of social capital of bank leaders. Research results from 243 leaders of bank branches in Ho Chi Minh show that the social capital of bank leaders, expressed through their social relationships with subjects such as friends, colleagues, business partners and managers at all levels, is is very important to the operations of banks. Based on this finding, the social capital of bank leaders should be considered as an important resource to exploit and improve the business performance of the bank.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-200
Author(s):  
Bayu Kharisma

One of the most issues debated in the social capital literature is the unconditional cash transfer effect on social capital, especially regarding the potential of unmeasured targeted mechanisms at the community level about social relations. This article aims to identify the determinant of social capital in the form of household participation in social activities and the impact of unconditional cash transfers (BLT) on participation in social activities in Indonesia by using differences-differences approach (DID). The results showed that the most influential factor on household participation in social activities is the education level of the head of the household and the members of the productive age group. Meanwhile, unconditional cash transfers policy has a positive effect on the rotating saving and credit association. Thus, participation in social activities undertaken by the community undoubtedly has an important element in the success of government programs.DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v7i2.7365


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