This chapter examines the state of India’s environmental law. It first provides an overview of the allocation of powers with respect to environmental protection in India, taking into consideration the relevant constitutional provisions, before discussing the structure and substance of environmental law. In particular, it explores sectoral policy frameworks that complement the legislative provisions, along with a number of important laws that deal with environmental issues, including the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974, the Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1972, the Forest (Conservation) Act of 1980, the Environment (Protection) Act of 1986, and the Public Liability Insurance Act of 1991. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the implementation framework for Indian environmental law, with emphasis on the role of the Ministry of Environment, Forests, and Climate Change; the Central Pollution Control Board; State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs); and the judiciary.