IMCO AND THE EVOLVING INTERNATIONAL SCHEME FOR CONTROLLING MARINE POLLUTION

1977 ◽  
Vol 1977 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Frederick P. Schubert
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Family ◽  
International Conventions

ABSTRACT This paper describes the genesis, composition, and functions of the Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO) and the expanding role of this United Nations specialized agency in protection of the marine environment. Focusing on the work of IMCO's Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) established in the wake of the 1973 Marine Pollution Conference, the paper gives evidence of the universal concern for the oceans in the nature and scope of the family of international conventions developed under the auspices of IMCO. Also discussed is the extent to which U.S. regulations on prevention, control of, and response to marine pollution are looked at as models for international standards and, conversely, how IMCO-related activities bear upon U.S. regulations in this field. As the primary U.S. maritime regulatory and enforcement agency, the Coast Guard plays a leading role in IMCO affairs, particularly those concerned with the prevention of marine pollution. Its role in providing assistance to other IMCO member nations also is described, as are methods for mutual sharing of the latest techniques and methodologies for the prevention, control of, and response to pollution incidents.

Part V Subject Matter, Ch.31 The Protection of the Marine Environment Pollution and Fisheries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabra Adriana
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
The Core ◽  
Sources Of Pollution

This chapter begins by looking at the role of the 1982 UN Law of the Sea Convention (UNCLOS) as the framework legal instrument on the oceans. Indeed, the UNCLOS is one of the most significant international law instruments of all time and is at the core of today's governance of the oceans. UNCLOS is a product of the time when it was negotiated, which brought together a desire to provide global stability to competing jurisdictional claims over the oceans and devise solutions to rapidly increasing rates of marine pollution. However, technological changes and increased or unforeseen sources of pollution and habitat destruction have exposed some of the Convention's limitations, which derive from a fragmented perspective of the marine environment, and a failure to address the interaction between different ocean uses and marine stressors and provide rules on the conservation of marine biological diversity. The chapter then evaluates global and regional treaty requirements, soft law instruments, and case law concerning the protection of the marine environment from various sources of pollution, and the conservation of marine living resources, with a focus on fisheries, and the protection of marine biodiversity.

scholarly journals Protection against Domestic Violence in Jordanian Law and International Conventions

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-387
Author(s):  
Laith K. Nasrawin
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
International Standards ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
The Family ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
International Conventions ◽  
Optimal Protection ◽  
Special Protection

Abstract This article addresses the issue of protection against domestic violence in both Jordanian law and international conventions. It does so by defining domestic violence and its various causes and by exploring the relevant global standards and best international practices for combating it. The article also deals with the reality of protection against domestic violence in Jordan by referring to the special protection of the family and to the related follow-up by national and governmental institutions, and the relevant national standards. The Law Regarding Protection from Domestic Violence (Law No. 6/2008) contains protective provisions and other treatments to reduce this phenomenon, but it fails to provide optimal protection against domestic violence. The article proposes a set of recommendations to improve national standards for protection against domestic violence so that Jordan’s laws concerning protection against domestic violence conform to international standards.

Meeting the Changing National Preparedness and Response Needs for the Public in a Crisis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Anthony Lloyd ◽  
Gary Ott ◽  
Ann Hayward Walker
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Emergency Responders ◽  
Response Organization ◽  
National Significance ◽  
Policy Guidance

ABSTRACT Today, 24/7 news and social media herald, “Another Disaster!” The gap widens between public expectations – what is wanted – and what government emergency responders can deliver. Further, public trust in government evaporates when individual stakeholders fan anger, fear and frustration, through social media blogs and other media. The authors analyze current U.S. policy guidance, IOSC papers, after-action reports, and practitioner experience to identify gaps where stronger guidance, connectivity, and effort could improve emergency response and preparedness. US efforts will be contrasted with international standards published and implemented in Europe. US Coast Guard incident management doctrine now requires engagement and coordination with the broad range of community and leadership stakeholders. Meeting the concerns of that broader set of stakeholders requires: 1) a significant commitment of resources by industry and government to address the needs of stakeholders, and 2) the development of skills in crisis responders, and their leaders, that can assure the confidence (trust) of their community. The authors' recommendations focus on improving shared responsibilities for successful collaboration in the following general areas: 1) the role of government, policy and regulation, to insure proper early actions during large incidents and spills of national significance; 2) the roles of leaders, their preparedness and capabilities to manage the incident in the role of the Incident Commander; 3) plans needed to meet information management demands of large complex organizations stood up during a catastrophic incident; and 4) the development of collaborative and coordination approaches to meet the needs of stakeholders both inside and outside of the response organization.

U.S. Coast Guard Federal on Scene Coordinator Role in Vessel Salvage1

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Michael R. Moore ◽  
Thomas C. Miller ◽  
George L. Boone ◽  
Rendall B. Farley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Informed Decision ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Informed Decision Making ◽  
Incident Command ◽  
Unified Command

ABSTRACT Salvage operations must be conducted with the utmost concern for the safety of personnel, as well as protection of the marine environment, and property. Due to the highly dynamic circumstances involved in salvage operations, there is no standard or foolproof method for responding to a casualty. Therefore, contingency planning and pre-established relationships with industry become indispensable to ensure that informed decision making, maximum responder cooperation and optimum asset coordination. Inherent in contingency planning is having an understanding that the role of the Captain of the Port (COTP) / Federal On-Scene Coordinator (FOSC) during a salvage response is multifaceted. While the COTP/FOSC has federal responsibilities to protect people, property, and the environment, it is achieved only through close coordination of multiple responding agencies, the response/salvage community and their resources. This successful coordination is greatly facilitated through an understanding of FOSC roles and proper use of the Incident Command/Unified Command (ICS/UC) System. This paper also describes the assets and authorities available to the COTP/FOSC during a salvage response, the triggers and overriding issues that would initiate full or partial federalization.

Implementation of the MARPOL Convention in Developing Countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Saiful Karim
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
International Maritime Organization ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Global Community ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Current Implementation ◽  
International Conventions

AbstractOver the years a large set of international conventions have been adopted under the auspices of the International Maritime Organization for prevention of vessel-source marine pollution. However, most of developing countries failed to effectively implement these conventions. Against this backdrop, this article aims to assess the inherent suitability of the MARPOL Convention for implementation in developing countries. It also examines the role of global community for effective implementation of the MARPOL Convention and identifies the legal and institutional bottlenecks in the current implementation regime.

scholarly journals Role of Women Entrepreneurship in Indian Economy: Related Challenges and Opportunities

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-461
Author(s):  
Sachin R. Agrawal ◽  
Gajanan S. Deshmane
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Women Entrepreneurship ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Family ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Role Of Women

Woman constitutes the family, which leads to society and Nation. Social and economic development of women is necessary for overall economic development of any society or a country. Entrepreneurship is the state of mind which every woman has in her but has not been capitalized in India in way in which it should be. Due to change in environment, now people are more comfortable to accept leading role of women in our society, though there are some exceptions.

scholarly journals UNESCO Leading Role in the Celebration of the International Year of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements (IYPT-2019)

Vestnik RFFI ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Natalya A. Tsivadze
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
United Nations General ◽  
General Assembly Resolution ◽  
The United Nations

In accordance with United Nations General Assembly resolution, the year 2019 was proclaimed the International Year of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements, and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) was designated as the lead organization for its implementation. At the present day, the UNESCO is the largest UN specialized agency with broad competence in providing interstate collaboration in the area of science, capable of playing a unique role for promotion of peace and sustainable development. The establishment of UN observances stimulates interest in the activities and programs of the organization in these areas, and also contributes to the intensification of activities at the international level. The proclamation of 2019 as the International Year of the Periodic Table is a recognition of the important role of the basic sciences, in particular, achievements in the field of chemistry and physics, in addressing the numerous development challenges that the world is currently facing in implementing the United Nations “2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”. The International Year under the auspices of UNESCO provides an opportunity to mobilize all interested parties around the topic of science for peace and development – from government officials to media representatives and schoolchildren.

scholarly journals Socio-psychological factors of determination of juvenile convicts’ drug-addicted behavior and their consideration in the activities of the educational colony personnel

2021 ◽  
Vol 229 (6) ◽  
pp. 62-71
Author(s):  
VICTOR I. SILENKOV ◽  
◽  
VALERY B. PERVOZVANSKY ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Family ◽  
Induction System ◽  
Method Analysis

cThe article is devoted to the study of the current situation in the drug use by juvenile onvicts serving sentences in educational colonies. The data of official statistics illustrating the growing dynamics of the number of persons convicted of crimes related to drug trafficking are presented. The leading role of socio-psychological factors in the development of drug-addicted behavior of juvenile criminals is noted. The aim of the study is to identify the most significant socio-psychological factors contributing to the determination of drugaddicted behavior, to determine possible areas of work for personnel of educational colonies to prevent the drug-addicted behavior. The methodological basis of the research was formed by the questionnaire, statistical method, analysis, synthesis, induction, system-structural and formallogical methods. As a result of the work carried out, it was established that the level of drug use among convicted juveniles is significantly higher than both officially recognized and declared by the adolescents themselves. The most significant sociopsychological factor leading to such behavior is the family, mistakes in family upbringing, family problems or lack of education. Attention is drawn to the fact that one of the areas of educational colonies work in the prevention of drug addicted behavior can and should be the work not only with the inmates, but also with their parents. It is proposed to strengthen the responsibility of parents for drug addicted behavior of children. Implementation of the conclusions and proposals made will help stabilize the situation and reduce juvenile delinquency related to drug trafficking.

scholarly journals Prompt Release of Detained Foreign Vessels and Crews in Matters of Marine Environment Protection

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiki Lindpere
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
International Tribunal ◽  
State Party ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Law ◽  
Flag State

Article 292 of the United Nations 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (Convention) reads:1. Where the authorities of a state party have detained a vessel flying the flag of another state party and it is alleged that the detaining state has not complied with the provisions of this Convention for the prompt release of the vessel or its crew upon posting of a reasonable bond or other financial security, the question of release from detention may be submitted to any court or tribunal agreed upon by the parties or, failing such agreement within 10 days from the time of detention, to a court or tribunal accepted by the detaining state under article 287 or to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, unless the parties otherwise agree.2. The application for release may be made only by or on behalf of the flag state of the vessel.3. The court or tribunal shall deal without delay with the application for release and shall deal only with the question of release, without prejudice to the merits of any case before the appropriate domestic forum against the vessel, its owner or its crew. The authorities of the detaining state remain competent to release the vessel or its crew at any time.4. Upon the posting of the bond or other financial security determined by the court or tribunal, the authorities of the detaining state shall comply promptly with the decision of the court or tribunal concerning the release of the vessel or its crew.

SOCIAL LEARNING IN THE CHILDHOOD: INFLUENCE OF THE FAMILY AND ELECTRONIC MEDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
Radoslav Penev ◽  
◽  
Luboslava Peneva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Family ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Personal Qualities

Social learning in childhood is realized under the influence of many factors, among which is the leading role of the family. The specifics of the article present results, analytical characteristics and conclusions related to the role of electronic media for the production of prosocial and (or) aggressive behavior in preschool childhood, through the orientations of parents to the negative personal qualities built under their influence. The conclusions reflect the adequate perception of the parents about the negative patterns of behavior and the stereotypes planted by the electronic media. Respondents are of the opinion that their children are not attracted to programs and characters from the electronic media because of the conflicts and aggression. At the same time, the answers do not show that children are attracted by their positive antipodes – tolerance, good manners, communication skills. This means that the family underestimates the „attack“ of the electronic media in preschool age and there is a high probability that the family compensatory will be doomed in the following age periods.

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