We Don't Know That We Have Been Left Behind: The Neoliberalization Of Conservation In The Burunge Wildlife Management Area, Northern Tanzania

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.ppsbapf.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Elizabeth Croucher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wildlife Management ◽

Gain Control ◽

Local People ◽

Future Research ◽

Community Based ◽

Community Based Conservation ◽

Northern Tanzania ◽

Management Area ◽

Government Legislation ◽

Wildlife Management Areas

Poverty alleviation policies in Tanzania are focused on market development and local economic transformations as primary contributors to the countrys growth. These policies are intertwined with government legislation creating Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) near protected areas which encourage local people to use village land for ecotourism activities which will add value to natural resources while providing local opportunities for expanded livelihood options. Actively promoted by international conservation NGOs, WMAs are marketed as a people-friendly way to protect wildlife while encouraging conservation-friendly livelihood strategies. This study uses qualitative ethnographic methods to determine the effects of the Burunge WMA in northern Tanzania on people living in nearby villages. Results indicate that the needs and priorities of local people were not adequately or equitably identified and that WMAs actually reregulate land and resources in a way that allows external stakeholders to gain control of village assets, exclude local people, and capitalize on newly available economic opportunities. Moreover, because WMAs merge economic and conservation objectives in a way that is consistent with both the global neoliberal framework and powerful Western images and beliefs about nature and consumption, the rhetoric regarding this newest form of community-based conservation has been transformed into an officially legislated truth that is difficult to challenge. Suggestions forcountering this discourse and for future research into the effectiveness of community-based conservation as a viable mechanism for environmental protection and economic development are offered.

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Politics in African Wildlife Conservation: Wildlife Management Areas in Tanzania

IU Journal of Undergraduate Research ◽

10.14434/iujur.v3i1.23366 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 62-65

Author(s):

Juan José Del Valle Coello

Keyword(s):

Wildlife Management ◽

Wildlife Conservation ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Community Based ◽

Community Based Conservation ◽

Adoption And Implementation ◽

The Social ◽

Promotional Materials ◽

Degree Of Control ◽

Wildlife Management Areas

Starting in the 1980’s, an increasing number of international actors have advocated for a change in wildlife and resource conservation strategies, arguing for practices allowing for greater local management in a model known as “community-based conservation.” Focusing on Tanzania, a country known for its expansive wildlife and game reserves, this investigation examines the adoption and implementation of legislation allowing for locally-administered Wildlife Management Areas (WMA’s). This paper first documents the processes motivating the introduction of WMA legislation in Tanzania, then details the legislation’s contents themselves and attempts to evaluate the social and political results as best it can, using a combination of sources including previously conducted research, promotional materials, and NGO publications.Major aspects of legislation include the following: villages themselves choose to enter into WMA agreements with investors; investors collect the revenue and deliver it to the federal government, which in turn distributes it to villages and wildlife conservation programs; and village residents themselves determine how to allocate the revenue they receive. Results have been mixed; while many villages have benefitted from income received from participation in wildlife management, there have also been instances of coercion into participating, disputes between villages regarding WMA practices, and there has been a general lack of transparency in income collection and distribution. Furthermore, it is unclear to what extent recent legislation has actually given a greater degree of control to local government.

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Benefit Sharing in Community Based Conservation Programs: The Case of Makao Wildlife Management Area, Tanzania

EAST AFRICAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND SOCIAL SCIENCES ◽

10.46606/eajess2021v02i02.0074 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 41-50

Author(s):

Emmanuel B. Lwankomezi ◽

James Kisoza ◽

Emmanuel Patrobas Mhache

Keyword(s):

Wildlife Management ◽

Local Community ◽

Survey Design ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Benefit Sharing ◽

Community Based ◽

Conservation Programs ◽

Community Based Conservation ◽

Conservation Costs ◽

Management Area

Wildlife Management Area establishment around protected areas in Tanzania have been faced with various challenges including failures to adequately involve local populations in planning, governance and management of wildlife related resources. This study examined the benefit sharing mechanisms in Community Based Conservation programs, the case of Makao Wildlife Management Area in Meatu District, Tanzania. The study was conducted in Jinamo, Mwabagimu and Makao Villages. Data were collected from 281 heads of households using a survey design within the mixed approach. The study used simple random sampling based on the names of all heads of the households in each study village who were obtained from the village households as registered by village chairs. The major findings indicate that in the past five years, there is a considerable increase of income generated from wildlife investment in the study area which is used for payment of VGS salaries, food and other expense for VGS, community development and sharing among member villages. The study further shows that, inadequate involvement in the WMA activities results in local people having low perception on the WMA accrued benefits. The study recommends that it is essential to involve the local community in the WMA design and management in order to improve its acceptability and ownership. Benefit sharing in the WMAs should be designed as a strategy to offset conservation costs and build support for biodiversity conservation among conservation actors mainly local communities.

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PARK-PEOPLE CONFLICT IN BANGLADESH: A CASE STUDY FROM CHUNATI WILDLIFE SANCTUARY AND DUDHPUKURIA-DHOPACHORI WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/12357 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (01) ◽

pp. 778-792

Author(s):

Jime Roy ◽

◽

A.H.M. Raihan Sarker ◽

Keyword(s):

Wildlife Management ◽

Negative Attitude ◽

Household Survey ◽

Wildlife Sanctuary ◽

Community Based ◽

Conservation Program ◽

Community Based Conservation ◽

The People ◽

Straight Line

Conflict between people and wildlife is a foremost issue for conservation which is hard to solve when the wants of people collide in a straight line with the needs of endangered species like wild elephant. This study was carried out in the adjoining villages of two protected areas (PAs) of Chittagong region namely Dudupukuria-Dhopachori Wildlife Sanctuary (DDWS) and Chunati Wildlife Sanctuary (CWS) to identify the attitude of the villagers to the PAs by measuring different received benefits and faced problems from those reserves, the interaction between human and wild elephants and the opinions of the villagers to the effectiveness of community based wildlife management. The data were collected through a quantitative household survey which includes a series of close ended, fixed response and simple questions. Crop depredation was identified as a major problem to the villagers and they received small amount of benefits for the conservation program through protected area which create negative attitude among them to the PAs. Though most of the people were willing to participate in community based conservation program, they didnot think that such kind of approach is effective to protect biodiversity in the PAs. The present study makes the recommendation to build positive attitude to the PAs, to minimize the conflict, helps in future planning programs and further research of this field.

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A new park in the Bolivian Gran Chaco – an advance in tropical dry forest conservation and community-based management

Oryx ◽

10.1046/j.1365-3008.1997.d01-11.x ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 189-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Andrew Taber ◽

Gonzalo Navarro ◽

Miguel Angel Arribas

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Forest Conservation ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Tropical Dry Forest ◽

Habitat Type ◽

Dry Forest ◽

Community Based ◽

Gran Chaco ◽

Community Based Conservation ◽

Management Area

The Kaa-Iya del Gran Chaco National Park and Integrated Management Area was established in September 1995. At 3.44 million hectares it is one of South America's largest protected areas. The tropical dry forest of the Chaco, which this reserve protects, is Bolivia's most threatened major lowland habitat type. With the creation of this reserve the protected-area coverage of the Gran Chaco increased to 4.7 per cent. With at least 69 species of mammals (the Chiroptera have not yet been surveyed), it is one of the richest Neotropical sites for this taxonomic group. The Kaa-Iya park is being administered by the Izoceño-Guaraní Indian organization, the Capitanía del Alto y Bajo Izozog, and puts community-based conservation into practice. Threats to the park include encroachment by colonists, ranchers and farmers; the Bolivia-Brazil gas pipeline; and hunting.

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Community-based conservation programs and local people willingness to pay for wildlife protection: The case of the cotton-top tamarin in the Colombian Caribbean

Lecturas de Economía ◽

10.17533/udea.le.n81a7 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Andrés Vargas ◽

David Díaz

Keyword(s):

Willingness To Pay ◽

Local People ◽

Community Based ◽

Conservation Programs ◽

Wildlife Protection ◽

Community Based Conservation

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Payments for Ecosystem Services as a Framework for Community-Based Conservation in Northern Tanzania

Conservation Biology ◽

10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01393.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 78-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

FRED NELSON ◽

CHARLES FOLEY ◽

LARA S. FOLEY ◽

ABRAHAM LEPOSO ◽

EDWARD LOURE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Payments For Ecosystem Services ◽

Community Based ◽

Community Based Conservation ◽

Northern Tanzania

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Human and wildlife usage of a protected area buffer zone in an area of high immigration

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605313000215 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 504-513 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Andrew J. Bamford ◽

Daniella Ferrol-Schulte ◽

Jennifer Wathan

Keyword(s):

Population Growth ◽

Protected Areas ◽

Wildlife Management ◽

Protected Area ◽

Rural Economy ◽

Buffer Zone ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Local People ◽

Game Reserve ◽

Management Area

AbstractPopulation growth near protected areas threatens the capacity of such areas for biodiversity conservation. Protected areas may even encourage growth by providing economic benefits that attract migrants. Consequently, understanding the relationships between human demographics and biodiversity is important for conservation. We studied a community-governed Wildlife Management Area bordering the Selous Game Reserve in Tanzania, set up to benefit local people and the subsistence rural economy. Annual population growth in this area is 5%. We used a combination of ecological and socio-economic surveys to determine the causes of this growth and its effect on wildlife in the Wildlife Management Area. One-third of local people interviewed were immigrants to the area. Population growth appeared to be unrelated to the protected area; instead an increasing proportion of immigrants cited readily available land as their reason for moving. Pastoralism was associated with fewer signs of large grazing mammals and elephants Loxodonta africana and agriculture was associated with fewer signs of elephant and buffalo Syncerus caffer but more signs of other ungulates. Few residents were aware of the Wildlife Management Area and few received any benefits from wildlife and therefore had little reason to conserve it. This situation is attributable to poor management of the Wildlife Management Area. Detrimental effects of human activity could spread to the Selous Game Reserve if population growth continues. However, natural resources could benefit residents if properly managed. Interactions between human demographics and protected areas are complex and may be best managed on a case-by-case basis.

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Women's stories and knowledge of wildlife and conservation practice in northern Tanzania and South India

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605321000363 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Mara J. Goldman ◽

Shruthi N. Jagadeesh ◽

Tubulu Meng'oru Ngimojino ◽

Lakshmi M. Gowda

Keyword(s):

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Wildlife Conservation ◽

South India ◽

Community Based ◽

Human Environment ◽

Conservation Practice ◽

Community Based Conservation ◽

Northern Tanzania ◽

Women's Stories ◽

Experiences Of Women

Abstract Around the world, Indigenous peoples have stories about wildlife that reflect knowledge and feelings about animals and their relationship to humans. Different people's experiences speak to the variety of interactions people have with animals in the spaces where humans and non-human animals live and interact. These stories are often told by women, reflecting the ways in which gender mediates human–environment relations. Yet gendered differences in knowledge and experience are rarely addressed in wildlife conservation research and action. Even community-based conservation efforts often ignore or marginalize the knowledge and experiences of women. We present women's stories and experiences of wildlife from Maasai communities in Tanzania and Soliga communities in India. We show that women have the desire and knowledge to participate in conservation decision-making but are currently marginalized from community conservation practice. We argue that including women in research and action is key for successful community-based wildlife conservation.

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