Women's stories and knowledge of wildlife and conservation practice in northern Tanzania and South India

Abstract Around the world, Indigenous peoples have stories about wildlife that reflect knowledge and feelings about animals and their relationship to humans. Different people's experiences speak to the variety of interactions people have with animals in the spaces where humans and non-human animals live and interact. These stories are often told by women, reflecting the ways in which gender mediates human–environment relations. Yet gendered differences in knowledge and experience are rarely addressed in wildlife conservation research and action. Even community-based conservation efforts often ignore or marginalize the knowledge and experiences of women. We present women's stories and experiences of wildlife from Maasai communities in Tanzania and Soliga communities in India. We show that women have the desire and knowledge to participate in conservation decision-making but are currently marginalized from community conservation practice. We argue that including women in research and action is key for successful community-based wildlife conservation.

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Use them or lose them? Conservation and the consumptive use of marine turtle eggs at Ostional, Costa Rica

Environmental Conservation ◽

10.1017/s0376892998000393 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 305-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

LISA M. CAMPBELL

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

Wildlife Conservation ◽

Local Development ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Community Support ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Marine Turtle ◽

Community Based ◽

Community Based Conservation ◽

And Control

'Sustainable use' of wildlife resources and 'community based conservation' are two themes recurrent in contemporary statements of wildlife conservation policy, and their use is in response to a perceived 'deep conservation crisis' which has in part arisen from exclusionary and restrictive conservation practices. The extent to which the legal harvest of marine turtle eggs in Ostional, Costa Rica, is an example of sustainable use and community based conservation is evaluated in this paper. Field research using in-depth interviewing and a household questionnaire was undertaken in Ostional during 1994 and 1995, to investigate local perceptions of the egg harvesting project, both positive and negative. Socio-economic benefits from, and legal and administrative structures supporting, the project were found to be fundamental to community support for a limited egg harvest and allowed for community participation in, and control of, resource use. Participation and control were key to local support for conservation of nesting marine turtles and their eggs. Attempts to use wildlife sustainably must be considered on a case by case basis, to account for the biological nature of the wildlife resource and environment in question and for local socio-economic, political and historical conditions. Nevertheless, some of the lessons learned from the attempt to implement sustainable use and community based conservation in Ostional may be more widely generalized, and may help inform other efforts to reconcile wildlife conservation objectives with local development needs.

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Tourism opportunities drive woodland and wildlife conservation outcomes of community-based conservation in Namibia's Zambezi region

Ecological Economics ◽

10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106863 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 180 ◽

pp. 106863

Author(s):

Maximilian Meyer ◽

Ekkehard Klingelhoeffer ◽

Robin Naidoo ◽

Vladimir Wingate ◽

Jan Börner

Keyword(s):

Wildlife Conservation ◽

Community Based ◽

Community Based Conservation

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Preliminary Checklists of Birds for the Fura and Furagosa Wildlife Community Based Conservation Area, in Mirab-Abaya District, Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS ◽

10.47191/ijmra/v4-i4-05 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 04 (04) ◽

Author(s):

Amare Gibru ◽

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Wildlife Conservation ◽

Bird Species ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Community Based ◽

Conservation Area ◽

Collection Method ◽

Data Collection Method ◽

Community Based Conservation ◽

Bird List

The field visit was conducted at Fura and Furagosa community based wildlife conservation area in February 2021. The survey aims to prepare a primary bird checklist. Transect walk data collection method was employed. The record of bird list was presented in a descriptive statics. 37 bird species were recorded during the survey time. Of the species recorded, 25 species were residents, 10 species Palearctic migrants and 2 Intra-African migrants. The survey suggests that further systematic studies of biodiversity are needed.

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Politics in African Wildlife Conservation: Wildlife Management Areas in Tanzania

IU Journal of Undergraduate Research ◽

10.14434/iujur.v3i1.23366 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 62-65

Author(s):

Juan José Del Valle Coello

Keyword(s):

Wildlife Management ◽

Wildlife Conservation ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Community Based ◽

Community Based Conservation ◽

Adoption And Implementation ◽

The Social ◽

Promotional Materials ◽

Degree Of Control ◽

Wildlife Management Areas

Starting in the 1980’s, an increasing number of international actors have advocated for a change in wildlife and resource conservation strategies, arguing for practices allowing for greater local management in a model known as “community-based conservation.” Focusing on Tanzania, a country known for its expansive wildlife and game reserves, this investigation examines the adoption and implementation of legislation allowing for locally-administered Wildlife Management Areas (WMA’s). This paper first documents the processes motivating the introduction of WMA legislation in Tanzania, then details the legislation’s contents themselves and attempts to evaluate the social and political results as best it can, using a combination of sources including previously conducted research, promotional materials, and NGO publications.Major aspects of legislation include the following: villages themselves choose to enter into WMA agreements with investors; investors collect the revenue and deliver it to the federal government, which in turn distributes it to villages and wildlife conservation programs; and village residents themselves determine how to allocate the revenue they receive. Results have been mixed; while many villages have benefitted from income received from participation in wildlife management, there have also been instances of coercion into participating, disputes between villages regarding WMA practices, and there has been a general lack of transparency in income collection and distribution. Furthermore, it is unclear to what extent recent legislation has actually given a greater degree of control to local government.

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Payments for Ecosystem Services as a Framework for Community-Based Conservation in Northern Tanzania

Conservation Biology ◽

10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01393.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 78-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

FRED NELSON ◽

CHARLES FOLEY ◽

LARA S. FOLEY ◽

ABRAHAM LEPOSO ◽

EDWARD LOURE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Payments For Ecosystem Services ◽

Community Based ◽

Community Based Conservation ◽

Northern Tanzania

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We Don't Know That We Have Been Left Behind: The Neoliberalization Of Conservation In The Burunge Wildlife Management Area, Northern Tanzania

10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.ppsbapf.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Elizabeth Croucher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wildlife Management ◽

Gain Control ◽

Local People ◽

Future Research ◽

Community Based ◽

Community Based Conservation ◽

Northern Tanzania ◽

Management Area ◽

Government Legislation ◽

Wildlife Management Areas

Poverty alleviation policies in Tanzania are focused on market development and local economic transformations as primary contributors to the countrys growth. These policies are intertwined with government legislation creating Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) near protected areas which encourage local people to use village land for ecotourism activities which will add value to natural resources while providing local opportunities for expanded livelihood options. Actively promoted by international conservation NGOs, WMAs are marketed as a people-friendly way to protect wildlife while encouraging conservation-friendly livelihood strategies. This study uses qualitative ethnographic methods to determine the effects of the Burunge WMA in northern Tanzania on people living in nearby villages. Results indicate that the needs and priorities of local people were not adequately or equitably identified and that WMAs actually reregulate land and resources in a way that allows external stakeholders to gain control of village assets, exclude local people, and capitalize on newly available economic opportunities. Moreover, because WMAs merge economic and conservation objectives in a way that is consistent with both the global neoliberal framework and powerful Western images and beliefs about nature and consumption, the rhetoric regarding this newest form of community-based conservation has been transformed into an officially legislated truth that is difficult to challenge. Suggestions forcountering this discourse and for future research into the effectiveness of community-based conservation as a viable mechanism for environmental protection and economic development are offered.

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Role of Community in Leading Conservation: Effectiveness, Success and Challenges of Community-Based Anti-Poaching Unit in Nepal

Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources ◽

10.33002/nr2581.6853.03046 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 94-109

Author(s):

Saroj Lamichhane ◽

Rajeev Joshi ◽

Bishow Poudel ◽

Pramod Subedi

Keyword(s):

Wildlife Conservation ◽

Primary Data ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Community Based ◽

Community Based Conservation ◽

Chitwan National Park ◽

Awareness Raising ◽

Illegal Activities ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Himalayan mountains have rich biodiversity and species endemism. Simultaneously, critical level of socio-economic vulnerability and poverty presents significant potential for Community Based Conservation (CBC) practices aiming to provide both environmental and social benefits. Community based anti-poaching operation is poorly documented that hinders in assessing CBC practices in the field. To assess the effectiveness of Community Based Anti-Poaching Unit (CBAPU) in and around of Beeshazari lake of Chitwan National Park, Nepal, primary data was collected using semi-structured questionnaire, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Unemployment and the consequent poverty were found as the key reason of poaching and other illegal activities. Patrolling, surveillance and information gathering against illegal activities, rescue of wildlife and awareness raising activities were the major activities of CBAPU, which has significantly contributed to wildlife conservation. Inadequate financial resource was found to be the greatest hindrance for anti-poaching operation in an organized and effective way.

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Large intact forest landscapes and inclusive conservation: a political ecological perspective

Journal of Political Ecology ◽

10.2458/v27i1.23165 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 539-557

Author(s):

Laura Zanotti ◽

Natalie Knowles

Keyword(s):

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Knowledge Integration ◽

Well Being ◽

Local Communities ◽

Conservation Units ◽

Community Based ◽

Community Based Conservation ◽

Scoping Literature Review ◽

Multi Stakeholder ◽

Stakeholder Needs

Intact Forest Landscapes (IFLs) are global conservation units that aim to combat fragmentation, alteration, degradation, and loss of global forests. ILFs are typically recognized for their biodiversity, carbon storage, protection of hydroecological systems and other ecosystem services. However, IFLs are distinctive among other conservation efforts because they do not immediately prioritize conservation approaches that have goals of alleviating human poverty or improving well-being. The prevailing view is that IFL conservation should engage with ecocentric models of conservation. In this article, we leverage political ecology's analytical attention to power, institutions, identities, and scales to make suggestions on ways in which to integrate biocentric conservation considerations into IFL practices. From a scoping literature review, we found the following areas are especially critical for the future of IFL conservation: (1) prioritizing Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLC) as actors and beneficiaries of conservation; (2) identifying the value of knowledge integration and co-production for conservation; (3) addressing heterogenous communities and equity impacts, and (4) the need for procedural mechanisms in conservation initiatives that support nesting Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities management and governance in polycentric systems. Furthermore, the development of diagnostic questions of scaling community-based conservation and adaptive strategies beyond their original scope in terms of community definitions, landscape and political context may be beneficial for addressing multi-stakeholder needs, identifying more equitable approaches, sharing strategies and obtaining successful outcomes in IFL conservation.Keywords: Indigenous peoples and local communities, large intact landscapes, forests, conservation

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