scholarly journals Politics in African Wildlife Conservation: Wildlife Management Areas in Tanzania

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Juan José Del Valle Coello
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Conservation ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Promotional Materials ◽  
Degree Of Control ◽  
Wildlife Management Areas

Starting in the 1980’s, an increasing number of international actors have advocated for a change in wildlife and resource conservation strategies, arguing for practices allowing for greater local management in a model known as “community-based conservation.” Focusing on Tanzania, a country known for its expansive wildlife and game reserves, this investigation examines the adoption and implementation of legislation allowing for locally-administered Wildlife Management Areas (WMA’s). This paper first documents the processes motivating the introduction of WMA legislation in Tanzania, then details the legislation’s contents themselves and attempts to evaluate the social and political results as best it can, using a combination of sources including previously conducted research, promotional materials, and NGO publications.Major aspects of legislation include the following: villages themselves choose to enter into WMA agreements with investors; investors collect the revenue and deliver it to the federal government, which in turn distributes it to villages and wildlife conservation programs; and village residents themselves determine how to allocate the revenue they receive. Results have been mixed; while many villages have benefitted from income received from participation in wildlife management, there have also been instances of coercion into participating, disputes between villages regarding WMA practices, and there has been a general lack of transparency in income collection and distribution. Furthermore, it is unclear to what extent recent legislation has actually given a greater degree of control to local government.

scholarly journals We Don't Know That We Have Been Left Behind: The Neoliberalization Of Conservation In The Burunge Wildlife Management Area, Northern Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Croucher ◽  
Elizabeth Croucher ◽  
Elizabeth Croucher ◽  
Elizabeth Croucher ◽  
Elizabeth Croucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Local People ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Conservation ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
Management Area ◽  
Government Legislation ◽  
Wildlife Management Areas

Poverty alleviation policies in Tanzania are focused on market development and local economic transformations as primary contributors to the countrys growth. These policies are intertwined with government legislation creating Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) near protected areas which encourage local people to use village land for ecotourism activities which will add value to natural resources while providing local opportunities for expanded livelihood options. Actively promoted by international conservation NGOs, WMAs are marketed as a people-friendly way to protect wildlife while encouraging conservation-friendly livelihood strategies. This study uses qualitative ethnographic methods to determine the effects of the Burunge WMA in northern Tanzania on people living in nearby villages. Results indicate that the needs and priorities of local people were not adequately or equitably identified and that WMAs actually reregulate land and resources in a way that allows external stakeholders to gain control of village assets, exclude local people, and capitalize on newly available economic opportunities. Moreover, because WMAs merge economic and conservation objectives in a way that is consistent with both the global neoliberal framework and powerful Western images and beliefs about nature and consumption, the rhetoric regarding this newest form of community-based conservation has been transformed into an officially legislated truth that is difficult to challenge. Suggestions forcountering this discourse and for future research into the effectiveness of community-based conservation as a viable mechanism for environmental protection and economic development are offered.

scholarly journals Developing partnerships in a paradigm shift to achieve conservation reality in South Africa

Koedoe ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Els ◽  
J. Du P. Bothma
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Rural Community Development ◽  
The Social

In South Africa, communal rural community development has, for the most part, been viewed as an add-on, rather than as an integral value in the broad spectrum of conservation activities being practised in the country. This paper, therefore, argues for the reality-based adoption of an extension of existing conservation paradigms to incorporate the development of communal rural communities as an integral part of the overall wildlife conservation and management policy in South Africa. The answer to the seeming contradiction in the focus of wildlife conservation and rural development lies in the devel- opment of wildlife management programmes based on multi-disciplinary and multiinstitutional interaction, by also harnessing scientific knowledge and skills found in the social sciences. In this manner, the present largely lip service related to so-called com- munity participation in wildlife management can be changed into programmes which really achieve conservation-based community development enhancing survival for both the communities and their inherent natural resources.

Use them or lose them? Conservation and the consumptive use of marine turtle eggs at Ostional, Costa Rica

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
LISA M. CAMPBELL
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Marine Turtle ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Conservation ◽  
And Control

'Sustainable use' of wildlife resources and 'community based conservation' are two themes recurrent in contemporary statements of wildlife conservation policy, and their use is in response to a perceived 'deep conservation crisis' which has in part arisen from exclusionary and restrictive conservation practices. The extent to which the legal harvest of marine turtle eggs in Ostional, Costa Rica, is an example of sustainable use and community based conservation is evaluated in this paper. Field research using in-depth interviewing and a household questionnaire was undertaken in Ostional during 1994 and 1995, to investigate local perceptions of the egg harvesting project, both positive and negative. Socio-economic benefits from, and legal and administrative structures supporting, the project were found to be fundamental to community support for a limited egg harvest and allowed for community participation in, and control of, resource use. Participation and control were key to local support for conservation of nesting marine turtles and their eggs. Attempts to use wildlife sustainably must be considered on a case by case basis, to account for the biological nature of the wildlife resource and environment in question and for local socio-economic, political and historical conditions. Nevertheless, some of the lessons learned from the attempt to implement sustainable use and community based conservation in Ostional may be more widely generalized, and may help inform other efforts to reconcile wildlife conservation objectives with local development needs.

scholarly journals Tourism opportunities drive woodland and wildlife conservation outcomes of community-based conservation in Namibia's Zambezi region

2021 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 106863
Author(s):  
Maximilian Meyer ◽  
Ekkehard Klingelhoeffer ◽  
Robin Naidoo ◽  
Vladimir Wingate ◽  
Jan Börner
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Conservation

scholarly journals Preliminary Checklists of Birds for the Fura and Furagosa Wildlife Community Based Conservation Area, in Mirab-Abaya District, Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amare Gibru ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Data Collection Method ◽  
Community Based Conservation ◽  
Bird List

The field visit was conducted at Fura and Furagosa community based wildlife conservation area in February 2021. The survey aims to prepare a primary bird checklist. Transect walk data collection method was employed. The record of bird list was presented in a descriptive statics. 37 bird species were recorded during the survey time. Of the species recorded, 25 species were residents, 10 species Palearctic migrants and 2 Intra-African migrants. The survey suggests that further systematic studies of biodiversity are needed.

scholarly journals PARK-PEOPLE CONFLICT IN BANGLADESH: A CASE STUDY FROM CHUNATI WILDLIFE SANCTUARY AND DUDHPUKURIA-DHOPACHORI WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 778-792
Author(s):  
Jime Roy ◽  
◽  
A.H.M. Raihan Sarker ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Conservation Program ◽  
Community Based Conservation ◽  
The People ◽  
Straight Line

Conflict between people and wildlife is a foremost issue for conservation which is hard to solve when the wants of people collide in a straight line with the needs of endangered species like wild elephant. This study was carried out in the adjoining villages of two protected areas (PAs) of Chittagong region namely Dudupukuria-Dhopachori Wildlife Sanctuary (DDWS) and Chunati Wildlife Sanctuary (CWS) to identify the attitude of the villagers to the PAs by measuring different received benefits and faced problems from those reserves, the interaction between human and wild elephants and the opinions of the villagers to the effectiveness of community based wildlife management. The data were collected through a quantitative household survey which includes a series of close ended, fixed response and simple questions. Crop depredation was identified as a major problem to the villagers and they received small amount of benefits for the conservation program through protected area which create negative attitude among them to the PAs. Though most of the people were willing to participate in community based conservation program, they didnot think that such kind of approach is effective to protect biodiversity in the PAs. The present study makes the recommendation to build positive attitude to the PAs, to minimize the conflict, helps in future planning programs and further research of this field.

A qualitative examination of the social practices and representations towards a species of endangered tortoise

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Pérez ◽  
Andrés Giménez ◽  
Andrés Pedreño
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Testudo Graeca ◽  
Agrarian Society ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
The Social ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Management Recommendations

Context Understanding how people view, think and talk about wildlife and the link between wildlife and human behaviour are important for wildlife management to be effective. In this paper, we used the notion of social representations to understand people’s behaviour towards wildlife. We qualitatively studied social representations relating to the keeping in captivity of the endangered tortoise Testudo graeca in south-east Spain. Aims The aims were to elucidate social representations towards the spur-thighed tortoise, and to understand the link between social representation and the motivations for collecting and keeping tortoises in captivity. We discuss the conservation implications of social representation towards this tortoise species and provide some management recommendations. Methods We carried out 13 in-depth interviews with rural–agrarian, urban and neorural dwellers who kept tortoises in captivity to elucidate social representations towards the spur-thighed tortoise and to understand the link between social representation and the motivations for collecting and keeping tortoises. Key results The discourse analysis shows that the social representations of this tortoise as a tameable animal, pet and safeguarded animal co-exist in south-east Spain. Conclusions The fact that the social reality in south-east Spain has changed from a social–agrarian society to an urban and neorural society seems to explain these social representations. The conservationist discourse espoused by some respondents partly explains why the habit of keeping tortoises in captivity has prevailed despite social changes in recent decades and this activity being prohibited since the 1970s. Implications Our findings reveal the utility of the social representation notion in understanding the social dimensions of wildlife conservation and its applicability to wildlife management.

scholarly journals Benefit Sharing in Community Based Conservation Programs: The Case of Makao Wildlife Management Area, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Emmanuel B. Lwankomezi ◽  
James Kisoza ◽  
Emmanuel Patrobas Mhache
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Conservation Programs ◽  
Community Based Conservation ◽  
Conservation Costs ◽  
Management Area

Wildlife Management Area establishment around protected areas in Tanzania have been faced with various challenges including failures to adequately involve local populations in planning, governance and management of wildlife related resources. This study examined the benefit sharing mechanisms in Community Based Conservation programs, the case of Makao Wildlife Management Area in Meatu District, Tanzania. The study was conducted in Jinamo, Mwabagimu and Makao Villages. Data were collected from 281 heads of households using a survey design within the mixed approach. The study used simple random sampling based on the names of all heads of the households in each study village who were obtained from the village households as registered by village chairs. The major findings indicate that in the past five years, there is a considerable increase of income generated from wildlife investment in the study area which is used for payment of VGS salaries, food and other expense for VGS, community development and sharing among member villages. The study further shows that, inadequate involvement in the WMA activities results in local people having low perception on the WMA accrued benefits. The study recommends that it is essential to involve the local community in the WMA design and management in order to improve its acceptability and ownership. Benefit sharing in the WMAs should be designed as a strategy to offset conservation costs and build support for biodiversity conservation among conservation actors mainly local communities.

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