scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of ICDAS, WHO and Histological Examination in Detection of Occlusal Carious Lesions

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Alaa ◽  
Hend El-Messiry

Detection of occlusal carious lesions with visual scoring systems is in a continuous validation with the histological depth of carious demineralization. Objective: The present study aimed to compare the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS), the World Health Organization (WHO) system and histological examination in detecting occlusal carious lesions. Material and Methods: 20 premolars were evaluated by visual examination using ICDAS, WHO and histological examination using stereomicroscope (SM) for occlusal caries detection. Occlusal surfaces were evaluated by two examiners then all teeth were visually and histologically assessed. Results: For each of three systems the inter class correlation coefficient was examined, the differences between the three systems of occlusal caries detection were minimal. The visual examination through WHO recorded the higher intercorrelation coefficient followed by ICDAS system then histological examination respectively. Conclusion: WHO and ICDAS have demonstrated reproducibility and diagnostic accuracy when compared with histological examination for detecting occlusal caries.KeywordsInternational caries detection and assessment system; World health organization; Histological examination; Occlusal caries.

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Beste Inceoglu ◽  
Sebahat Gorgun ◽  
Halil T Yuksel ◽  
Emine S Kursun ◽  
Hakan Eren

ABSTRACT Introduction The detection of carious lesions in the initial stages of development is very important to prevent the occurrence of cavitation. Visual examination and the use of a dental probe, bite-wing radiography, and fiberoptic transillumination (FOTI) have long been recommended for this purpose. Visual examination and probing of suspected lesions are useful for detecting occlusal caries, but achieve no gain of sensitivity and might cause irreversible tooth damage. Bite-wing radiography helps to detect approximal lesions better than clinical examination and probing the lesion. But the diagnostic performance of bite-wing radiography at approximal and occlusal sites is different. The FOTI is a quick and inexpensive method that can enhance visual examination of all tooth surfaces. The aim of this in vivo study is to compare FOTI with bite-wing radiography and visual examination in the detection of approximal and occlusal caries. Materials and methods A total of 46 patients without missing teeth and dentures in the posterior region of jaws were examined for the evaluation of all premolar and molar teeth contacts. Three blinded practitioners examined the patients. First one evaluated radiologically, second one visually, and the last one evaluated with FOTI. Results According to statistical results, bite-wing radiograph had the highest sensitivity. However, evaluation with FOTI had acceptable results to detect approximal caries. Conclusion Study of the results has shown that clinically FOTI is an adjunct method for detection of approximal caries. How to cite this article Eren H, Yuksel HT, Inceoglu B, Kursun ES, Gorgun S. Comparison of Visual Examination, Bite-wing Radiography, and Fiberoptic Transillumination on Caries Detection. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(2):77-81.


2014 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 493-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatem M. El-Damanhoury ◽  
Kausar Sadia Fakhruddin ◽  
Manal A. Awad

ABSTRACTObjective: To assess the feasibility of teaching International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) II and its e-learning program as tools for occlusal caries detection to freshmen dental students in comparison to dental graduates with 2 years of experience. Materials and Methods: Eighty-four freshmen and 32 dental graduates examined occlusal surfaces of molars/premolars (n = 72) after a lecture and a hands-on workshop. The same procedure was repeated after 1 month following the training with ICDAS II e-learning program. Validation of ICDAS II codes was done histologically. Intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility of ICDAS II severity scores were assessed before and after e-learning using (Fleiss's kappa). Results: The kappa values showed inter-examiner reproducibility ranged from 0.53 (ICDAS II code cut off ≥ 1) to 0.70 (ICDAS II code cut off ≥ 3) by undergraduates and 0.69 (ICDAS II code cut off ≥ 1) to 0.95 (ICDAS II code cut off ≥ 3) by graduates. The inter-examiner reproducibility ranged from 0.64 (ICDAS II code cut off ≥ 1) to 0.89 (ICDAS II code cut off ≥ 3). No statistically significant difference was found between both groups in intra-examiner agreements for assessing ICDAS II codes. A high statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.01) in correct identification of codes 1, 2, and 4 from before to after e-learning were observed in both groups. The bias indices for the undergraduate group were higher than those of the graduate group. Conclusions: Early exposure of students to ICDAS II is a valuable method of teaching caries detection and its e-learning program significantly improves their caries diagnostic skills.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavroula Michou ◽  
Mathias S. Lambach ◽  
Panagiotis Ntovas ◽  
Ana R. Benetti ◽  
Azam Bakhshandeh ◽  
...  

Abstract The use of 3D intraoral scanners (IOS) and software that can support automated detection and objective monitoring of oral diseases such as caries, tooth wear or periodontal diseases is increasingly receiving attention from researchers and industry. This study clinically validates an automated caries scoring system for occlusal caries detection and classification, previously developed for an IOS system featuring fluorescence (TRIOS 4, 3Shape TRIOS A/S, Denmark). Four algorithms (ALG1, ALG2, ALG3, ALG4) are assessed for the IOS; the first three are based only on fluorescence information, while ALG4 also takes into account the tooth color information. The diagnostic performance of these automated algorithms is compared with the diagnostic performance of the clinical visual examination, while histological assessment is used as reference. Additionally, possible differences between in vitro and in vivo diagnostic performance of the IOS system are investigated. The algorithms show comparable in vivo diagnostic performance to the visual examination. Only minor differences between their in vitro and in vivo diagnostic performance are noted. This novel IOS system exhibits encouraging performance for clinical application on occlusal caries detection and classification. Different approaches can be investigated for possible optimization of the system.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 595
Author(s):  
Imam Cholissodin ◽  
Felicia Marvela Evanita ◽  
Jeffrey Junior Tedjasulaksana ◽  
Kukuh Wicaksono Wahyuditomo

<p class="Abstrak">COVID-19 atau <em>Coronavirus Disease</em> 2019 merupakan sebuah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus yang dapat menular melalui saluran pernapasan pada hewan atau manusia dan menyebabkan ribuan orang meninggal hampir di seluruh dunia, sehingga dinyatakan sebagai sebuah pandemi di banyak negara, termasuk di Indonesia. Kasus COVID-19 pertama kali ditemukan di Indonesia pada tanggal 2 Maret 2020, dalam menangani pandemi COVID-19 pemerintah menerapkan <em>social distancing </em>dengan menjaga jarak antara satu sama lain sejauh lebih dari 1 meter dan menerapkan protokol kesehatan yang telah diatur saat melakukan aktivitas di luar rumah sesuai anjuran <em>World Health Organization</em> (WHO). Rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat Indonesia dalam menerapkan <em>social distancing</em> dan protokol kesehatan menyebabkan bertambahnya kasus positif COVID-19 di Indonesia secara signifikan sehingga banyak korban yang meninggal, oleh karena itu pada penelitian ini kami membuat sistem klasifikasi tingkat laju data COVID-19 untuk mitigasi penyebaran di seluruh provinsi di Indonesia dengan menggunakan metode <em>Modified K-Nearest Neighbor </em>(MKNN) dengan hasil keluaran berupa kelas laju penyebaran yaitu laju penyebaran rendah yang artinya mitigasi penybarannya tinggi, kemudian kelas laju penyebaran sedang yang artinya mitigasi penyebarannya sedang, dan laju penyebaran tinggi yang berarti mitigasi penyebaran rendah dan dijelaskan lebih lanjut pada bagian metodologi penelitian. Hasil keluaran dari sistem bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat Indonesia dalam mencegah COVID-19 dengan melihat kelas laju penyebaran pada masing-masing provinsi di Indonesia. Alasan penggunaan metode <em>Modified K-Nearest Neighbor </em>pada penelitian ini adalah karena metode <em>Modified K-Nearest Neighbor </em>merupakan salah satu metode klasifikasi yang cukup baik, dimana pada metode ini dilakukan pemvalidasian dan pembobotan yang bobot nya ditentukan dengan menghitung fraksi dari tetangga berlabel yang sama dengan total jumlah tetangga.<em> </em>Parameter yang digunakan dalam proses klasifikasi adalah jumlah kasus positif, jumlah orang yang sembuh, dan jumlah orang yang meninggal akibat COVID-19. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berasal dari situs resmi kementerian kesehatan republik Indonesia yang dapat diakses pada link <a href="https://infeksiemerging.kemkes.go.id/">https://infeksiemerging.kemkes.go.id/</a> dengan jumlah data latih sebanyak 374 data pada tanggal 12 Mei 2020 sampai 22 Mei 2020  dan data uji sebanyak 136 data pada tanggal 23 Mei 2020 sampai tanggal 26 Mei 2020 , hasil akurasi yang dihasilkan adalah 97,79% dengan nilai <em>K</em> = 3.</p><p class="Abstrak"> </p><p class="Abstrak"><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p class="Abstract"><em>COVID-19 or Coronavirus 2019 is a disease caused by a virus that can be transmitted through the respiratory tract to animals or humans and causes more people to die around the world, making it a pandemic in many countries, including Indonesia. COVID-19 cases were first discovered in Indonesia on March 2, 2020. Under the COVID-19 pandemic agreement, the government imposed a social grouping with a grouping of more than 1 meter apart from one another and the transfer of related health protection when carrying out activities outside the home as directed by the World Health Organization(WHO). Considering the Indonesian people in implementing social preservation and protecting health policies increase the positive acquisition of COVID-19 in Indonesia significantly related to the number of victims who died, therefore in this study, we created a COVID-19 data level assessment system for transfer mitigation in all provinces in Indonesia by using the Modified K-Nearest Neighbor (MKNN) method with the output in the form of a spread rate class, namely a low spread rate which means that the spread mitigation is high, then the medium spread rate class which means the spread mitigation is moderate, and the spread rate is high which means low spread mitigation which is further explained in the section on the research methodology. The purpose of the system output is to increase the awareness of the Indonesian people in preventing COVID-19. The parameters used in the classification process are the number of positives, the number of people recovered, and the number of people died by COVID-19 by looking at the class distribution rate in each province in Indonesia. The reason for using the Modified K-Nearest Neighbor method in this research is because the Modified K-Nearest Neighbor method is a fairly good classification method, where this method is validated and weighted whose weight is determined by calculating the fraction of neighbors labeled the same as the total of  neighbors number. The data used in this study was released from the official website of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia which can be accessed at the link <span style="text-decoration: underline;">https://infection.infemerging.kemkes.go.id/</span> with a total of 374 training data from May 12, 2020 to May 22, 2020 and test data As many as 136 data from 23 May 2020 to 26 May 2020, the resulting accuracy was 97.79% with a K = 3.</em></p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavroula Michou ◽  
Mathias S. Lambach ◽  
Panagiotis Ntovas ◽  
Ana R. Benetti ◽  
Azam Bakhshandeh ◽  
...  

AbstractThe use of 3D intraoral scanners (IOS) and software that can support automated detection and objective monitoring of oral diseases such as caries, tooth wear or periodontal diseases, is increasingly receiving attention from researchers and industry. This study clinically validates an automated caries scoring system for occlusal caries detection and classification, previously defined for an IOS system featuring fluorescence (TRIOS 4, 3Shape TRIOS A/S, Denmark). Four algorithms (ALG1, ALG2, ALG3, ALG4) are assessed for the IOS; the first three are based only on fluorescence information, while ALG4 also takes into account the tooth color information. The diagnostic performance of these automated algorithms is compared with the diagnostic performance of the clinical visual examination, while histological assessment is used as reference. Additionally, possible differences between in vitro and in vivo diagnostic performance of the IOS system are investigated. The algorithms show comparable in vivo diagnostic performance to the visual examination with no significant difference in the area under the ROC curves ($$p>0.05$$ p > 0.05 ). Only minor differences between their in vitro and in vivo diagnostic performance are noted but no significant differences in the area under the ROC curves, ($$p>0.05$$ p > 0.05 ). This novel IOS system exhibits encouraging performance for clinical application on occlusal caries detection and classification. Different approaches can be investigated for possible optimization of the system.


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