scholarly journals Modelling a New Product Model on the Basis of an Existing STEP Application Protocol

10.14311/708 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.-R. Hoehn ◽  
K. Steingroever ◽  
M. Jaros
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Data Format ◽  
University Of Munich ◽  
German Research ◽  
Suitable Definition ◽  
Definition Of

During the last years a great range of computer aided tools has been generated to support the development process of various products. The goal of a continuous data flow, needed for high efficiency, requires powerful standards for the data exchange. At the FZG (Gear Research Centre) of the Technical University of Munich there was a need for a common gear data format for data exchange between gear calculation programs. The STEP standard ISO 10303 was developed for this type of purpose, but a suitable definition of gear data was still missing, even in the Application Protocol AP 214, developed for the design process in the automotive industry. The creation of a new STEP Application Protocol or the extension of existing protocol would be a very time consumpting normative process. So a new method was introduced by FZG. Some very general definitions of an Application Protocol (here AP 214) were used to determine rules for an exact specification of the required kind of data. In this case a product model for gear units was defined based on elements of the AP 214. Therefore no change of the Application Protocol is necessary. Meanwhile the product model for gear units has been published as a VDMA paper and successfully introduced for data exchange within the German gear industry associated with FVA (German Research Organisation for Gears and Transmissions). This method can also be adopted for other applications not yet sufficiently defined by STEP. 

Development of an Initial Graphics Exchange Specification Capability

1987 ◽  
Vol 3 (04) ◽  
pp. 264-273
Author(s):  
D. J. Wooley ◽  
M. L. Manix
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Data Format ◽  
Computer Data ◽  
Shipbuilding Industry ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Fleet Operations

Industry has long recognized the importance of computerized data exchange. The concept of a neutral exchange format is the key to an efficient and maintainable data exchange capability due to the number of dissimilar CAD/CAM systems in use today. The capability to exchange computerized design data provides the opportunity to eliminate many redundant activities such as recreating computer data from computer-generated paper drawings. The resulting improved communication of design data between contractors, subcontractors, customers, and operation and maintenance activities can reduce costs and upgrade fleet operations. This paper focuses on the need for and the methods used to develop a, workable computerized data exchange capability. Topics of discussion include the merits of electronic data exchange, the limitations of direct translators, and the benefits of a neutral data format. A project is presented that addresses various aspects of digital data exchange within the shipbuilding industry. Emphasis is placed on two working groups that address the digital exchange of design drawings and product model data using the Initial Graphics Exchange Specification (IGES).

Product Model for Gear Units

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.-R. Hoehn ◽  
K. Steingroever ◽  
M. Jaros
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Cad Systems ◽  
The Public ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Iso 10303 ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Capacity Data ◽  
A Company

During the last years it has become more and more common practice in the gear industry to exchange gear data electronically between the different parties. Up to now the format of the gear data is usually DXF, IGES or a company-specific format. A common format, which includes not only geometry data, but also load capacity and other gear-related data, was not available. Therefore a product model for gear units was developed at the FZG (Forschungsstelle fuer Zahnraeder und Getriebebau). The main goal was the realization of the data exchange between gear calculation programs, CAD-systems and a central storage of all gear data. This product model covers all kinds of gear data like gear geometry, load capacity data, lubricant data, manufacturing data, etc.. The product model for gear units is based on the application protocol AP 214 of ISO 10303 STEP. This application protocol was originally created to describe the design process of the automotive industry and does not have a sufficient definition of gear data. An extension of an existing application protocol causes time consumptive normative procedures. Therefore the structure of the product model for gear units is independent from ISO 1030-214. It consists of a mechanism, which defines a data structure acc. to ISO 10303-214, but adapted to the product model for gear units. The product model gives a description how to use ISO 10303-214 for the application of gear units. Meanwhile this product model for gear units is published as a VDMA-paper and therefore open to the public. The first successful application is the data exchange between gearcalculation programs of the FVA and CAD-systems. By this new format the data exchange of gear data is now extremely simplified.

An LQ Approach to Active Control of Vibrations in Helicopters

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Bittanti ◽  
Fabrizio Lorito ◽  
Silvia Strada
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Control Effort ◽  
Vibration Effect ◽  
Suitable Definition ◽  
Lq Optimal Control ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control

In this paper, Linear Quadratic (LQ) optimal control concepts are applied for the active control of vibrations in helicopters. The study is based on an identified dynamic model of the rotor. The vibration effect is captured by suitably augmenting the state vector of the rotor model. Then, Kalman filtering concepts can be used to obtain a real-time estimate of the vibration, which is then fed back to form a suitable compensation signal. This design rationale is derived here starting from a rigorous problem position in an optimal control context. Among other things, this calls for a suitable definition of the performance index, of nonstandard type. The application of these ideas to a test helicopter, by means of computer simulations, shows good performances both in terms of disturbance rejection effectiveness and control effort limitation. The performance of the obtained controller is compared with the one achievable by the so called Higher Harmonic Control (HHC) approach, well known within the helicopter community.

Semantic Interoperability of GD&T Data Through ISO 10303 Step AP242

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adarsh Venkiteswaran ◽  
Sayed Mohammad Hejazi ◽  
Deepanjan Biswas ◽  
Jami J. Shah ◽  
Joseph K. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
Smart Manufacturing ◽  
Context Model ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Shape Information ◽  
Computer Aided Process Planning ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Iso 10303 ◽  
Manufacturing Applications

Industries are continuously trying to improve the time to market through automation and optimization of existing product development processes. Large companies vow to save significant time and resources through seamless communication of data between design, manufacturing, supply chain and quality assurance teams. In this context, Model Based Definition/Engineering (MBD) / (MBE) has gained popularity, particularly in its effort to replace traditional engineering drawings and documentations with a unified digital product model in a multi-disciplinary environment. Widely used 3D data exchange models (STEP AP 203, 214) contains mere shape information, which does not provide much value for reuse in downstream manufacturing applications. However, the latest STEP AP 242 (ISO 10303-242) “Managed model based 3D engineering” aims to support smart manufacturing by capturing semantic Product Manufacturing Information (PMI) within the 3D model and also helping with long-term archival. As a primary, for interoperability of Geometric Dimensions & Tolerances (GD&T) through AP 242, CAx Implementor Forum has published a set of recommended practices for the implementation of a translator. In line with these recommendations, this paper discusses the implementation of an AP 203 to AP 242 translator by attaching semantic GD&T available in an in-house Constraint Tolerance Graph (CTF) file. Further, semantic GD&T data can be automatically consumed by downstream applications such as Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP), Computer Aided Inspection (CAI), Computer Aided Tolerance Systems (CATS) and Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM). Also, this paper will briefly touch base on the important elements that will constitute a comprehensive product data model for model-based interoperability.

Characterization of Horizontal Loads in the Production of Asymmetrical Parts

2011 ◽  
Vol 473 ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Arno Behrens ◽  
Anas Bouguecha ◽  
Richard Krimm ◽  
Thorsten Matthias ◽  
Valerian Salfeld
Keyword(s):  
Thin Sheet ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Computational Accuracy ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
German Research Foundation ◽  
The Press ◽  
German Research ◽  
Thin Sheet Metal ◽  
Complex Parts

The vision of Transregional Collaborative Research Centre 73 of the German Research Foundation (DFG) is the development of a new manufacturing technology, sheet-bulk metal forming. The research activity is focused on the manufacturing of geometrically complex parts with functional elements from thin sheet metal. This paper gives an overview about the challenges in forming of asymmetrical parts with regard to the forming forces and resulting displacements of the press components. Furthermore, it introduces an appropriate approach for consideration of machine characteristics in order to improve the computational accuracy of the process modelling.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE EXTERNAL INFLUENCES ON THE ACCURACY OF TEMPERATURE CONCRETE FEATURES AND PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT WITH INFRARED TECHNOLOGY IN THE AGING MONOLITHIC STRUCTURES

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Антохин ◽  
Pavel Antokhin ◽  
Дьяконов ◽  
Igor Dyakonov
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Infrared Technology ◽  
Concrete Temperature ◽  
Allowable Range ◽  
Processing Information ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Monolithic Structures

At the present stage of technological development, where low labor intensity are highly valued, high efficiency and representativeness of measurements, a convenient means of storing and processing information, the infrared (IR) thermometry recaptures more and more space. The exact definition of the concrete temperature (with an error of 1 °C or less, usually defined by the sensor) is extremely complicated: Instrumental errors superimposed on the error measurement method used, on the errors associated with the arrangement of the measurement sites, etc. In relative terms, the rates of heating-cooling, in the absolute, the range of allowed temperatures when exposed concrete such accuracy looks obviously excessive and unjustified technically and economically. Considering the IR technique as a means postroechnyh control the concrete temperature, and when performing measurements using its implementation should be tailored to suit the IR measurements and factors that can lead to significant measurement errors. Since these factors can greatly affect the measurement result. Reliability indirect MOTB (method of determining the temperature of the concrete) with pyrometers is achieved by using the calculated accurate according to a certain type of decks and compliance with the measurement rules to ensure the work of this relationship within the allowable range of accuracy.

scholarly journals Recycling Heat Losses of an Oil-Immersed Transformer: Feasibility Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Power Transformers ◽  
Passive Mode ◽  
Active Mode ◽  
Short Circuits ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Novel Design

The paper investigates the feasibility of adding a liquid heater to an oil-immersed transformer. It proves that design the high efficiency of power transformers, losses due to idling and short circuits are substantial and are scattered in the environment as heat. The paper proposes a novel design that implements a liquid (coolant) heater to enable the unit not only to convert electricity, but also to generate heat. In order to analyze the feasibility of such heat recycling, the authors have developed an equivalent thermal circuit and a mathematical model thereof. Said heater can operate in two modes. In the passive mode, the coolant it contains only absorbs the heat emitted (lost) by the power transformer. In the active mode, it also receives the heat emitted due to the passage of electric current through the pipes of the heater. The paper further introduces the definition of heater efficiency. Studies have shown that up to 50 % of transformer heat losses can be recycled by heating the coolant in the heater. The paper presents the relationship between utilized heat and transformer losses, as well as heater efficiency as a function of coolant flow rate. The heater efficiency exceeds 90 % in the active mode.

scholarly journals Recent Trends in JSON Filters

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Atul Jain ◽  
ShashiKant Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Programming Language ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Data Format ◽  
Data Exchange Format ◽  
Exchange Format ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Client Side ◽  
Extract Information

JavaScript Object Notation is a text-based data exchange format for structuring data between a server and web application on the client-side. It is basically a data format, so it is not limited to Ajax-style web applications and can be used with API’s to exchange or store information. However, the whole data never to be used by the system or application, It needs some extract of a piece of requirement that may vary person to person and with the changing of time. The searching and filtration from the JSON string are very typical so most of the studies give only basics operation to query the data from the JSON object. The aim of this paper to find out all the methods with different technology to search and filter with JSON data. It explains the extensive results of previous research on the JSONiq Flwor expression and compares it with the json-query module of npm to extract information from JSON. This research has the intention of achieving the data from JSON with some advanced operators with the help of a prototype in json-query package of NodeJS. Thus, the data can be filtered out more efficiently and accurately without the need for any other programming language dependency. The main objective is to filter the JSON data the same as the SQL language query.

scholarly journals Analysis of Related Technologies Used in Fuel Cell Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 2125 (1) ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
Ziyi Du ◽  
Hongxu Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicles ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Different Types

Abstract Nowadays, many types of fuel cells have made significant progress. In 2014, they were applied to the production model Toyota’s FCHV-Adv. With their high efficiency and low pollution, fuel cells have gradually started to replace some traditional technologies in many energy applications and production industries and have become a hot topic of interest in recent years. Depending on the type of fuel, there are various types, and different fuel cells work on different principles, leading to differences in their performance. This paper lists the different fuel cells and their application scenarios in the automotive industry. In addition, the use of hydrogen in fuel cell vehicles is also a major concern. This paper briefly discusses the current hydrogen production and four different types of fuel cell vehicles and their energy management strategies. All the technical advantages of fuel cells and hydrogen energy are ultimately reflected in fuel cell vehicles, and this paper describes the current challenges and future possibilities.

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