scholarly journals APPLICATION OF RULED SURFACES IN FREEFORM AND GEAR METROLOGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (SI) ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
Ivana Linkeová ◽  
Vít Zelený
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Ruled Surfaces ◽  
Optical Scanning ◽  
Mathematical Properties ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Tangent Surface ◽  
Cad Models ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
Cylindrical Helix

An application of two ruled surfaces (i.e., surfaces generated by a motion of a straight line), a surface of hyperbolic paraboloid and a tangent surface of a cylindrical helix in freeform and gear metrology is introduced in this paper. Both surfaces have been implemented as the main functional figures in several artefacts – metrological calibration standards intended for testing the freeform capabilities of various measuring technologies (e.g., tactile point-to-point measurement and tactile scanning on coordinate measuring machine, optical scanning, computer tomography). Geometrical and mathematical properties of the surface used are summarised, CAD models of all the developed standards are presented and photos of the manufactured standards are shown.

Study on Measuring Perpendicularity Based-On Non-Diffracting Beam as the References

2012 ◽  
Vol 586 ◽  
pp. 349-355
Author(s):  
Xin Bao Zhang ◽  
Kun Zhang ◽  
Hong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Position Error ◽  
New Method ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Pentagonal Prism ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Working Distance

A new method for measuring perpendicularity is developed in this paper, in which the non-diffracting beam that illuminates a pentagonal prism to produce the vertical reference is used as the straight-line reference and CCD is used as the sensor to gauge the position error to the references. Three evaluation algorithms of the perpendicularity error are also given in the paper. And furthermore, perpendicularity of a Coordinate Measuring Machine was measured by this method, which is easy to be operated. The results and analysis indicate that its working distance can be more than 15m while the precision can be less than±5μm/m.

scholarly journals Non-destructive testing of automotive heat exchangers

2018 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Peta ◽  
Jan Żurek ◽  
Adam Patalas
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Optical Scanning ◽  
Optical Scanner ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Geometrical Dimensions

The paper presents the results of non-destructive testing to the final control of automotive heat exchangers, which must meet a number of technological and exploitative requirements resulting from their working conditions. For the observation of images of heat exchangers, verification of geometrical dimensions and identification of surface and volume defects, the used methods were: computed tomography (highresolution microtomograph Phoenix v|tome|x), three-dimensional optical scanning (3D GOM ATOS III optical scanner), coordinate measuring technique (coordinate measuring machine Hexagon Global Performance 122210). The effectiveness of nondestructive testing in industrial conditions was assessed and the directions of further research in this area were indicated.

Model Reconstruction from CMM and Optical Scanning Data for Reverse Engineering

2012 ◽  
Vol 538-541 ◽  
pp. 2957-2960
Author(s):  
Peng Xin Liu ◽  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Su Chang Ma ◽  
Li Jie Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Optical Scanning ◽  
Data Merging ◽  
Optical Scanner ◽  
System A ◽  
Common Coordinate System ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Touch Probe ◽  
Merging Method

This paper introduces a novel modeling method using points acquired by a touch probe on a coordinate measuring machine and an optical scanner. An improved iterative closet point algorithm is adopted in order to transform the optical scanning data and the high precision points captured by a touch probe into a common coordinate system. A data merging method is also used to keep the high precision of feature surfaces and then unified into a precise 3D model. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the presented method, which enhances the flexibility of digitization while maintaining the accuracy of feature surfaces.

scholarly journals Evaluation of dimensional accuracy of dental bridges manufactured with conventional casting technique and CAD/CAM system with Ceramill Sintron blocks using CMM

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Izadi ◽  
Fariborz Vafaee ◽  
Arash Shishehian ◽  
Ghodratollah Roshanaei ◽  
Behzad Fathi Afkari
Keyword(s):  
Reference Model ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Conventional Casting ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Milling Method ◽  
Measuring Machine

Background. Recently, non-presintered chromium-cobalt (Cr-Co) blocks with the commercial name of Ceramill Sintron were introduced to the market. However, comprehensive studies on the dimensional accuracy and fit of multi-unit frameworks made of these blocks using the coordinate measuring machine (CMM) are lacking. This study aimed to assess and compare the dimensional changes and fit of conventional casting and milled frameworks using Ceramill Sintron. Methods. A metal model was designed and scanned and 5-unit frameworks were fabricated using two techniques: (I) the conventional casting method (n=20): the wax model was designed, milled in the CAD/CAM machine, flasked and invested; (II) the milling method using Ceramill Sintron blocks (n=20): the wax patterns of group 1 were used; Ceramill Sintron blocks were milled and sintered. Measurements were made on the original reference model and the fabricated frameworks using the CMM in all the three spatial dimensions, and dimensional changes were recorded in a checklist. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, and the two groups were compared using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (α=0.05). Results. The fabricated frameworks in both groups showed significant dimensional changes in all the three dimensions. Comparison of dimensional changes between the two groups revealed no significant differences (P>0.05) except for transverse changes (arch) that were significantly greater in Ceramill Sintron frameworks (P<0.05). Conclusion. The two manufacturing processes were the same regarding dimensional changes and the magnitude of marginal gaps and both processes resulted in significant dimensional changes in frameworks. Ceramill Sintron frameworks showed significantly greater transverse changes than the conventional frameworks.

scholarly journals The Influence of Automated Machining Strategy on Geometric Deviations of Machined Surfaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2353
Author(s):  
Ján Varga ◽  
Teodor Tóth ◽  
Peter Frankovský ◽  
Ľudmila Dulebová ◽  
Emil Spišák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Geometric Tolerance ◽  
Geometric Tolerances ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Geometric Deviations ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Overlap Parameter ◽  
Total Average

This paper deals with various automated milling strategies and their influence on the accuracy of produced parts. Among the most important factors for surface quality is the automated milling strategy. Milling strategies were generated from two different programs, CAM system SolidCAM, with the help of workshop programming in the control system Heidenhain TNC 426. In the first step, simulations of different toolpaths were conducted. Using geometric tolerance is becoming increasingly important in robotized production, but its proper application requires a deeper understanding. This article presents the measurement of selected planes of robotized production to evaluate their flatness, parallelism and perpendicularity deviations after milling on the coordinate measuring machine Carl Zeiss Contura G2. Total average deviations, including all geometric tolerances, were 0.020 mm for SolidCAM and 0.016 mm for Heidenhain TNC 426. The result is significantly affected by the flatness of measured planes, where the overlap parameter of the tools has a significant impact on the flatness of the surface. With interchangeable cutter plate tools, it is better to use higher overlap to achieve better flatness. There is a significant difference in production time, with SolidCAM 25 min and 30 s, and Heidenhain 48 min and 19 s. In accordance with these findings, the SolidCAM system is more suitable for production.

scholarly journals Study of Machining of Gears with Regular and Modified Outline Using CNC Machine Tools

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2913
Author(s):  
Rafał Gołębski ◽  
Piotr Boral
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tools ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Cnc Machine Tools ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Cylindrical Gears ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Five Axis

Classic methods of machining cylindrical gears, such as hobbing or circumferential chiseling, require the use of expensive special machine tools and dedicated tools, which makes production unprofitable, especially in small and medium series. Today, special attention is paid to the technology of making gears using universal CNC (computer numerical control) machine tools with standard cheap tools. On the basis of the presented mathematical model, a software was developed to generate a code that controls a machine tool for machining cylindrical gears with straight and modified tooth line using the multipass method. Made of steel 16MnCr5, gear wheels with a straight tooth line and with a longitudinally modified convex-convex tooth line were machined on a five-axis CNC milling machine DMG MORI CMX50U, using solid carbide milling cutters (cylindrical and ball end) for processing. The manufactured gears were inspected on a ZEISS coordinate measuring machine, using the software Gear Pro Involute. The conformity of the outline, the tooth line, and the gear pitch were assessed. The side surfaces of the teeth after machining according to the planned strategy were also assessed; the tests were carried out using the optical microscope Alicona Infinite Focus G5 and the contact profilographometer Taylor Hobson, Talysurf 120. The presented method is able to provide a very good quality of machined gears in relation to competing methods. The great advantage of this method is the use of a tool that is not geometrically related to the shape of the machined gear profile, which allows the production of cylindrical gears with a tooth and profile line other than the standard.

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