scholarly journals A Shade Tolerant Forage, Stenotaphrum secundatum, in the Oil Palm Plantation to Support Cattle Productivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Rijanto Hutasoit ◽  
R Rosartio ◽  
S Elisier ◽  
J Sirait ◽  
. Antonius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Stenotaphrum Secundatum ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunches ◽  
Positive Effect

<p>The integration of livestock with plantations is one of efforts to support livestock agribusiness. The large potential  land area can be used for the development of cattle. However, the low production, nutrient content and digestibility of natural grasses in the plantation are still an obstacle to increase cattle productivity. Therefore, the development of shade tolerant of forages is  one of the strategies to improve the quality and production of forages in the plantation area. This paper aims to review the role of <em>Stenotaphrum secundatum </em>as a shade tolerant forage in oil palm plantations in supporting cattle productivity. Biomass production of <em>Stenotaphrum secundatum </em>obtained was relatively high at 42,209 kg DM/ha/yr in oil palm plantations aged 3.5 years, estimated to be able to accommodate cattle of 11.8 AU/ha. With a moderate composition of nutrition, it can improve cattle growth performance with an average body condition score of 3.8. The livestock integration system by developing <em>S. secundatum </em>in the oil palm plantation area has a positive effect because it can reduce fertilizer and weeding costs of 4 million IDR/ha/yr. The average production of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) reaching 19.5 tons/ha/yr. It can be concluded that the role of <em>S. secundatum </em>in  oil palm plantations can support cattle productivity and increase palm oil production.</p>

scholarly journals Faktor Penentu Produksi pada Perkebunan Rakyat Kelapa Sawit di Kabupaten Mamuju Utara

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Dimas Deworo Puruhito ◽  
Jamhari Jamhari ◽  
Slamet Hartono ◽  
Irham Irham
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Function Model ◽  
Family Labor ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

There are three patterns of smallholder oil palm plantation in North Mamuju regency, ie plasma, IGA (Income Generating Activity), and mandiri (independent). Independent smallholder plantations are plantations managed by the community themselves without the involvement of others. While the partnership patterns can be divided into plasma and IGA. The partnership is a form of fostering of smallholders plantations by large private plantation in this area. This study aims to determine the amount of oil palm production on smallholder plantations and the factors that affect. The research was conducted in North Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi Province which has the widest smallholder oil palm plantation in Sulawesi Island with various pattern. Four villages in two sub-districts were chosen purposively consideration with having three patterns of smallholder plantations. The sampling of farmers using snowball method after stratification in each pattern. Selected 35 plasma farmers, 70 IGA farmers, and 55 independent farmers. Data analysis was performed with Cobb-Doulas function model in the normalized logarithm, using Eviews 6 software. The findings are the average production of 56,840 kg, with productivity of 20,300 kg/ha. Input of land area, NPK fertilizer, age of oil palm crops, outside family labor, frequency of estate sanitation and distance of estate to river is the determinant input to production. Input land area is found as the most elastic input. However, land use for oil palm plantations should still refer to existing legislation.

scholarly journals Embryonic mortality in Holstein cows on one’s farm

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Puklová ◽  
Jan Šubrt ◽  
Dušan Skrip ◽  
Radek Filipčík
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Positive Effect

The objective of our research was to evaluate the effect of some factors on the embryonic mortality of Holstein-Friesian dairy cows in a herd. Monitoring was conducted in the course of three years (2006–2009) at a level of (9330–8970) kg/dairy cow per lactation. We monitored the reproduction parameters of 209 dairy cows (1st to 8th lactation). Ultrasonography was used to diagnose gravidity, and/or embryonic mortality, in each cow 6 times, at regular 4-day intervals between days 22 and 42 after insemination. We analysed the effect of 3 factors on embryonic mortality: age, body condition score and season of the year at the time of insemination. Embryonic mortality relative to the age of the female was significantly the lowest (20.69 %) in cows aged 42 to 47 months (3.5–3.9 years); high embryonic mortality (45.46 %) was recorded in the youngest females of 24 to 29 months of age (2.0–2.4 years). The results indicated that the body condition score of the cow at the time of insemination had a statistically significant (P > 0.01) effect on embryonic mortality (EM). Embryonic mortality was the lowest when the body condition of the cow was “ideal”, i.e. 5 points of the BCS (at the most 9 points). The season of the year when insemination was carried out had a positive effect on embryonic mortality.

Obesity in domestic cats – a literature review

2018 ◽  
Vol XXIII (134) ◽  
pp. 32-46
Author(s):  
Glauco Vinício Chaves ◽  
Maria Luisa Rodrigues Mendes ◽  
Fúlvio Régian Costa Jacob ◽  
Stênio Nunes Alves
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Energy Restriction ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Anesthetic Risk ◽  
Orthopedic Diseases

Obesity is one of the most important nutritional disorders affecting domestic cats, and has a multifactorial etiology. Main risk factors include age, breed, gender, neutering, type of food, and frequency of feeding. In addition to the metabolic syndrome, obesity is associated to development of orthopedic diseases and skin disorders. Obesity increases anesthetic risk and decreases longevity and quality of live. Body condition score is the standard method of diagnosis, and treatment consists in dietary energy restriction and exercise programs. Prevention is paramount to disease control. In this article we review the current literature related to feline obesity and highlight its prevalence and etiology, as well as the role of adipose tissue – as an endocrine organ –, in the diseases. Comorbidities, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention are discussed.

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