scholarly journals Coping strategies in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes patients using insulin: the relationship with emotional well-being and glycaemic control

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Oleg G. Motovilin ◽  
Shishkova Y. Andreevna ◽  
Elena V. Surkova
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Background. Over the long disease course of diabetes mellitus (DM), with its demands in terms of everyday self-management of the disease, individual psychological characteristics may be associated with both emotional well-being (WB) and glycaemic control. The former includes various types of coping strategies (CSs) of the patients, which comprise the common ways for patients to overcome difficult situations.Aim. To study the relationships between CS and both glycaemic control and emotional WB in patients with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D) treated with insulin.Materials and methods. The study included 84 patients with T1D and 56 patients with insulin-treated T2D [age, 22.5 ± 3.3 and 61.0 ± 8.9 years; men/women, 29/55 and 11/45; duration of DM, 11.9 ± 5.36 and 11.6 ± 6.2 years and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), 9.1% ± 2.2% and 9.0% ± 1.4%, respectively]. The HbA1c levels were determined in all patients. The Strategic Approach to Coping Scale constructed by S. Hobfoll was used to study CS, and emotional WB was assessed based on the severity of anxiety and depression. Further, we used the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory developed by C.D. Spielberger and adapted by Y.L. Khanin and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Only Russian validated versions of the questionnaires were used in the study.Results. In both groups of patients, ‘Assertive (Persistent) Actions’ was positively associated with emotional WB. In patients with T2D, WB increases when using ‘Cautious Action’ and ‘Social Joining’. The deterioration of emotional WB was associated with ‘Aggressive Actions’ in both groups of patients. In patients with T1D, negative WB was also associated with ‘Avoidance’, while in patients with T2D, negative WB was associated with ‘Instinctive Actions’. In patients with T1D, ‘Instinctive Action’ was associated with higher HbA1c levels. In patients with T2D, ‘Cautious Action’, ‘Avoidance’ and ‘Antisocial Action’ were associated with lower HbA1c levels.Conclusion. In patients with T1D and T2D, CSs are associated with both emotional WB and glycaemic control. Emotional WB and lower HbA1c levels are associated with ‘Assertive Action’, ‘Cautious Action’, ‘Avoidance’ and ‘Asocial Action’. Negative WB and higher HbA1c levels are associated with ‘Aggressive Action’ and ‘Instinctive Action’.

scholarly journals Time-Restricted Eating as a Nutrition Strategy for Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Feasibility Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn B. Parr ◽  
Brooke L. Devlin ◽  
Karen H. C. Lim ◽  
Laura N. Z. Moresi ◽  
Claudia Geils ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Daily Energy

Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) require a long-term dietary strategy for blood glucose management and may benefit from time-restricted eating (TRE, where the duration between the first and last energy intake is restricted to 8–10 h/day). We aimed to determine the feasibility of TRE for individuals with T2D. Participants with T2D (HbA1c >6.5 to <9%, eating window >12 h/day) were recruited to a pre-post, non-randomised intervention consisting of a 2-week Habitual period to establish baseline dietary intake, followed by a 4-weeks TRE intervention during which they were instructed to limit all eating occasions to between 10:00 and 19:00 h on as many days of each week as possible. Recruitment, retention, acceptability, and safety were recorded throughout the study as indicators of feasibility. Dietary intake, glycaemic control, psychological well-being, acceptability, cognitive outcomes, and physiological measures were explored as secondary outcomes. From 594 interested persons, and 27 eligible individuals, 24 participants enrolled and 19 participants (mean ± SD; age: 50 ± 9 years, BMI: 34 ± 5 kg/m2, HbA1c: 7.6 ± 1.1%) completed the 6-week study. Overall daily dietary intake did not change between Habitual (~8400 kJ/d; 35% carbohydrate, 20% protein, 41% fat, 1% alcohol) and TRE periods (~8500 kJ/d; 35% carbohydrate, 19% protein, 42% fat, 1% alcohol). Compliance to the 9 h TRE period was 72 ± 24% of 28 days (i.e., ~5 days/week), with varied adherence (range: 4–100%). Comparisons of adherent vs. non-adherent TRE days showed that adherence to the 9-h TRE window reduced daily energy intake through lower absolute carbohydrate and alcohol intakes. Overall, TRE did not significantly improve measures of glycaemic control (HbA1c −0.2 ± 0.4%; p = 0.053) or reduce body mass. TRE did not impair or improve psychological well-being, with variable effects on cognitive function. Participants described hunger, daily stressors, and emotions as the main barriers to adherence. We demonstrate that 4-weeks of TRE is feasible and achievable for these individuals with T2D to adhere to for at least 5 days/week. The degree of adherence to TRE strongly influenced daily energy intake. Future trials may benefit from supporting participants to incorporate TRE in regular daily life and to overcome barriers to adherence.

scholarly journals Association Between Spirituality and Depression in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl P. Lynch ◽  
Melba A. Hernandez-Tejada ◽  
Joni L. Strom ◽  
Leonard E. Egede
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Diabetes Education ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Values And Beliefs

Purpose The purpose of the study was to examine the association between spirituality and depression among patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods This study included 201 adult participants with diabetes from an indigent clinic of an academic medical center. Participants completed validated surveys on spirituality and depression. The Daily Spiritual Experience (DSE) Scale measured a person’s perception of the transcendent (God, the divine) in daily life. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression scale assessed depression. Linear regression analyses examined the association of spirituality as the predictor with depression as the outcome, adjusted for confounding variables. Results Greater spirituality was reported among females, non-Hispanic blacks, those with lower educational levels, and those with lower income. The unadjusted regression model showed greater spirituality was associated with less depression. This association was mildly diminished but still significant in the final adjusted model. Depression scores also increased (greater depression risk) with females and those who were unemployed but decreased with older age and non-Hispanic black race/ethnicity. Conclusions Treatment of depression symptoms may be facilitated by incorporating the spiritual values and beliefs of patients with diabetes. Therefore, faith-based diabetes education is likely to improve self-care behaviors and glycemic control.

Glycaemic Control is Correlated with Well-Being Index (WHO-5) in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes

2010 ◽  
Vol 118 (06) ◽  
pp. 364-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Papanas ◽  
A. Tsapas ◽  
K. Papatheodorou ◽  
D. Papazoglou ◽  
E. Bekiari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Well Being

scholarly journals Factors associated with high levels of glycated haemoglobin in patients with type 1 diabetes: a multicentre study in Brazil

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e018094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine Sousa Andrade ◽  
Guilherme Sousa Ribeiro ◽  
Carlos Antonio Souza Teles Santos ◽  
Raimundo Celestino Silva Neves ◽  
Edson Duarte Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Hba1c Level ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Poor Adherence ◽  
Adherence To Diet ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Hba1c Levels

ObjectiveLong-term complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) can be prevented with adequate glycaemic control. However, high levels of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) occur in 60%–90% of the patients with DM1. Thus, we aimed to investigate the role of sociodemographic, behavioural and clinical factors on the HbA1c levels of patients with DM1 in Brazil.Design, setting and participantsA cross-sectional study was conducted in ambulatory patients with DM1 aged ≥18 years from 10 Brazilian cities. Sociodemographic, behavioural and clinical data were obtained through interviews.Main outcome measuresHbA1c level was measured by liquid chromatography. Hierarchical multiple variable linear regression models were used to identify factors correlated with high levels of HbA1c.ResultsOf 979 patients with DM1, 63.8% were women, and the mean age was 40 (SD 14.6) years. The mean HbA1c level was 9.4% (SD 2.2%), and 89.6% of the patients had HbA1c ≥7.0%. Factors independently correlated with increased HbA1c levels included: lower education, non-participation in diabetes classes/lecture during the year before, having a self-perception of poor adherence to diet and insulin, not having private medical care and not measuring the HbA1c levels in the prior year. Of note, poor adherence to diet and insulin were the independent factors most strongly associated with high levels of HbA1c (mean increment in HbA1c levels of 0.88% and 1.25%, respectively).ConclusionPoor glycaemic control, which is common among Brazilian patients with DM1, is associated with lower education, self-perception of insufficient adherence to diet and insulin and inadequate monitoring of HbA1c levels. Specific actions, particularly those targeting improving adherence to diet and insulin, may contribute to successful management of patients with DM1.

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