scholarly journals Status and prospects of the fight against diabetes

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
M. I. Balabolkin
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Almost All

Diabetes mellitus remains one of the important medical and social health problems of almost all countries of the world. The prevalence of diabetes in industrialized countries is 5-6% and has a tendency to increase. This is mainly due to the increase in patients suffering from non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM, type II diabetes). So, according to S. R. Kahn (1995), in the United States about 6-7% of the total population are patients with NIDDM. Calculations showed that in the case of an increase in the average life expectancy of up to 80 years, the number of patients with NIDDM will exceed 17% of the total population.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-46
Author(s):  
V. I. Pankiv
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
State Register ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common diseases, the frequency of which is steadily increasing every year. In industrialized countries, the prevalence of DM is 4-5%. Despite the large number of existing forms of diabetes associated with various syndromes and diseases, the main ones are two that are characterized as spontaneous: insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM). Statistical data on the prevalence of the disease are based on the registration of a medical diagnosis of diabetes and in general reflect mainly the prevalence of spontaneous forms of IDDM and NIDDM. In 1991, 1 826 758 patients with DM were registered in the Russian Federation, of which 295 333 (16.2%) suffered from IDDM. Compared with 1990, the number of patients with diabetes increased by 5.78%. However, the figures do not reflect the actual prevalence of diabetes. The conducted epidemiological studies on the frequency of diabetes show that the true number of patients with diabetes is 3-4 times higher compared to the registered one. These include people with a mild form of NIDDM who do not need medical treatment, as well as people with impaired glucose tolerance. In these groups, disorders of carbohydrate metabolism occur in a subclinical form, and the recorded prevalence of diabetes is largely determined by the quality of the medical examination. A more accurate picture of the prevalence of various types of diabetes can be obtained only with the State Register for diabetes, its development is necessary in the near future.

Diabetes and Job Performance: An Empirical Investigation

1993 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
David S. Greene ◽  
Gary D. Geroy
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Interpersonal Behaviors ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Task Behaviors

There are approximately 11 million people in the United States with diabetes, and the numbers are increasing by 6% annually. Still, the relationship between diabetes and job performance remains unclear and marked by bias. To help clarify this relationship, a multicriterion job-performance rating scale was developed to rate task behaviors, interpersonal behaviors, dowr-time behaviors, and hazardous behaviors. A volunteer sample of 53 subjects was selected from people with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). All subjects were rated individually by a supervisor; who also rated the norm for the work group. The norm rating was used to determine a norm-referenced control group. The subjects were rated better than the norm in all categories and on all criteria: composite job performance (P<.001), task behaviors (P<.01), interpersonal behaviors (P<.01), down-time behaviors (P<.05), and hazardous behaviors (P<.001).

scholarly journals Lower probability of patient survival with continuous peritoneal dialysis in the United States compared with Canada. Canada-USA (CANUSA) Peritoneal Dialysis Study Group.

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 965-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
D N Churchill ◽  
K E Thorpe ◽  
E F Vonesh ◽  
P R Keshaviah
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
United States ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Residual Renal Function ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Continuous Peritoneal Dialysis

In a prospective cohort study of 680 incident continuous peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients in North America, dialysis in the United States compared with Canada was associated with a relative risk (RR) of death of 1.93 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14 to 3.28). The 2-yr survival probability was 79.7% in Canada and 63.2% in the United States. This difference was not explained by race, age, gender, functional status, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, history of cardiovascular disease (CVD), nutritional status, or adequacy of dialysis. Other potential explanatory variables were further evaluated. These included severity of CVD, residual renal function, race, differential transfer to hemodialysis or transplantation, patient compliance, modality selection bias, and incidence of endstage renal disease requiring dialysis. Cardiovascular morbidity and peritonitis probabilities were compared. The CVD severity index was not different between countries; the RR risk associated with dialysis in the United States remained high at 1.87 (95% CI, 1.09 to 3.19). Residual renal function at initiation of dialysis was not different between countries. The 2-yr survival for Caucasians was 77% in Canada and 55% in the United States. There was no difference in the probability of transfer to hemodialysis or transplantation. The RR of a nonfatal cardiovascular event in the United States compared with Canada was 1.80 (95% CI, 1.21 to 2.67). There was no difference in time to first peritonitis. The observed to predicted creatinine ratio, as an estimate of compliance, was 1.13 in Canada and 1.00 in the United States. The prevalence of PD in the study centers was 48% in Canada and 22% in the United States. The incidence of new dialysis patients in 1992 was 100/million population in Canada compared with 211/ million in the United States. The survival difference is not explained by age, gender, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, nutritional status, or adequacy of dialysis. Neither is it explained by race, severity of CVD, transfer to hemodialysis, transplantation, or an estimate of compliance. The lower proportion of patients receiving PD in the United States may represent a selection bias of uncertain direction. The higher acceptance rate for dialysis in the United States may explain, in part, the greater cardiovascular morbidity and the decreased survival observed.

scholarly journals Role of training programs in the treatment of patients with type II diabetes mellitus

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
Ye. V. Surkova ◽  
M. B. Antsiferov
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Quality Of Medical Care ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

According to the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, the number of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in Russia is currently 1.6 million. Providing effective treatment for NIDDM is a significant problem for domestic health in terms of both quantitative indicators and the quality of medical care. Successful therapy of this disease is impossible without changing the patient’s lifestyle. The treatment process affects such essential aspects of lifestyle as nutrition, physical activity, control of body weight, and continues throughout life. In this regard, the effectiveness of the traditional therapeutic approach to NIDDM is not high enough and, according to experts, the motivation to control and treat diabetes cannot be achieved without training.

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