Diabetes and Job Performance: An Empirical Investigation

1993 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
David S. Greene ◽  
Gary D. Geroy
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Interpersonal Behaviors ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Task Behaviors

There are approximately 11 million people in the United States with diabetes, and the numbers are increasing by 6% annually. Still, the relationship between diabetes and job performance remains unclear and marked by bias. To help clarify this relationship, a multicriterion job-performance rating scale was developed to rate task behaviors, interpersonal behaviors, dowr-time behaviors, and hazardous behaviors. A volunteer sample of 53 subjects was selected from people with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). All subjects were rated individually by a supervisor; who also rated the norm for the work group. The norm rating was used to determine a norm-referenced control group. The subjects were rated better than the norm in all categories and on all criteria: composite job performance (P<.001), task behaviors (P<.01), interpersonal behaviors (P<.01), down-time behaviors (P<.05), and hazardous behaviors (P<.001).

Distinct Associations of HbA1c and the Urinary Excretion of Pentosidine, an Advanced Glycosylation End-product, with Markers of Endothelial Function in Insulin-dependent Diabetes mellitus

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (07) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Smulders ◽  
Casper Schalkwijk ◽  
Ab Donker ◽  
Victor van Hinsbergh ◽  
Johan TeKoppele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Advanced Glycosylation End Products ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Advanced Glycosylation

SummaryDysfunction of the vascular endothelium is considered an early step in the development of diabetic angiopathy. Hyperglycaemia results in endothelial dysfunction, both through direct effects of glucose and through formation of advanced glycosylation end-products (AGEs). We hypothesized that the effects of glucose and AGEs on endothelial function in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) are distinct and are reflected by distinct plasma markers of endothelial function. We therefore measured plasma levels of von Willebrand factor (vWF), soluble (s) E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), and evaluated the relationship with HbA1c and urinary excretion of pentosidine, an AGE product, in 56 patients with IDDM. Urinary pentosidine excretion was higher in the diabetic than in a control group (n = 60) of similar age (P <0.0001) and showed a steeper increase with age (P <0.02 vs controls). In the diabetic group, sE-selectin was correlated to HbA1c (r = 0.52, P <0.0001), whereas sVCAM-1 was not (r = 0.11, P = 0.47). In contrast, sVCAM-1 showed a trend towards a correlation with log (pentosidine excretion) (r = 0.27, P = 0.06), whereas sE-selectin did not (r = –0.16, P = 0.27). Log(vWF) was correlated to HbA1c (r = 0.50, P <0.0001) and tended to correlate with log (pentosidine excretion) (r = 0.25, P = 0.07). Multivariate analyses with both pentosidine and HbA1c as independent variables showed significant associations of sE-selectin with HbA1c, of sVCAM-1 with pentosidine, and of log(vWF) with both HbA1c and pentosidine (all P-values <0.02). Our results imply that the effects of glucose and AGEs on the endothelium can be reflected by distinct endothelial markers. Plasma sE-selectin may reflect short-term effects of glucose on the endothelium, sVCAM-1 the effects of AGEs, and vWF the combined effect of glucose and AGEs.

scholarly journals Angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene polymorphisms: relationship to nephropathy in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1664-1669
Author(s):  
W Grzeszczak ◽  
M J Zychma ◽  
B Lacka ◽  
E Zukowska-Szczechowska
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin I ◽  
Enzyme Gene ◽  
Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Nephropathy is a frequent complication of long-term diabetes. Strong evidence exists that genetic predisposition plays a major role in the development of diabetic nephropathy. The role of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene (ACE) in the susceptibility to nephropathy in diabetes, especially in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), remains unclear. This study examines the association of two ACE polymorphisms: a 287-bp insertion/deletion (I/D) in intron 16 and PstI (A/G substitution in intron 7; alleles P/M) with renal complications in 941 NIDDM patients. From this group, for further analysis 127 patients were selected with overt proteinuria or chronic renal failure, 335 patients with microalbuminuria, and a control group of 254 normoalbuminuric patients with a diabetes duration of at least 10 yr. No significant differences in the distribution of ACE I/D and PstI genotypes or allele frequencies were observed between the examined groups. The results of this study strongly suggest that there is no association between the ACE gene I/D and PstI polymorphisms and nephropathy in NIDDM.

Investigating class II HLA antigens' association with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in population of Vojvodina

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Svetlana Vojvodic
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Hla Antigens ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Introduction Class II HLA antigens were investigated in a group of 28 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and 218 healthy unrelated persons (control group) from Vojvodina. Material and methods We used a modified two-colour immunofluorescence method (serologic technique) to determine the phenotype of DR and DQ locus HLA antigens. Phenotype frequencies of class II HLA antigens were determined in both investigated groups and were used for calculating relative risk (RR). If RR was higher than 1, we calculated the population attributable risk (EF), and if RR was lower than 1, we calculated the preventive fraction (PF). Investigation of statistically significant differences in frequencies of class II HLA antigens in patients and control group was performed by using ?2 test. Results Results of investigation showed that values of RR were higher than 1 for HLA DR4 (2,808), DR10 (1,116) and DQ3 (1,386), while we noticed a statistically significant difference in frequencies of HLA DR4 (?2 test: 4,805) in patients regarding control group. HLA DQ1 antigen has a preventive role in development of IDDM due to highest value of PF (0,314). Conclusion Results of our investigation confirm that there is an association of HLA DR4 with IDDM in population of Vojvodina. High values of relative risk of IDDM, noticed in persons with HLA DR4 antigen, point to the degree of risk of IDDM, which is a disease with great socioeconomic importance in Vojvodina.

scholarly journals Some parental characteristics and habits of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus children

2003 ◽  
Vol 131 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 238-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Sipetic ◽  
Hristina Vlajinac ◽  
Nikola Kocev ◽  
Slobodan Radmanovic
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Diabetic Children ◽  
Insulin Dependent

The aim of this case-control study conducted in Belgrade during 1994-1997 was to investigate whether parental demographic characteristics and habits are associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Case group comprised 105 children up to 16 years old with IDDM and control group comprised 210 children with skin diseases. Cases and controls were individually matched by age (? one year), sex and place of residence (Belgrade). According to %l test results, children with IDDM significantly had five or more family members and they also significantly more frequently had poor socio-economic status than their controls. Higher education of fathers was significantly more frequently reported in diabetic children, in comparison with their controls. Parents of diabetic children were significantly more frequently occupationally exposed to radiation petroleum, and its derivates, organic solvents, dyes and lacquers. During pregnancy mothers of diabetic children significantly more frequently smoked cigarettes and consumed coffee, coca-cola, alcohol and foods containing nitrosamines. Fathers of diabetic children more frequently consumed alcohol.

scholarly journals ADAPTIVE CAPACITY IMPAIRMENT IN CHILDREN WITH INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS AS SHOWN BY TIME INTERVAL ASSESSMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
YURI V. BYKOV ◽  
◽  
VLADIMIR A. BATURIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Level Of Consciousness ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Aim. The aim of the study was to diagnose and study the severity of impaired adaptive capacity in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus using the method of assessment of time intervals. Material and methods. The study included 54 adolescents, aged 14 to 18 years. 27 adolescents with type I diabetes mellitus, who were urgently hospitalized in the intensive care unit in a serious condition, constituted the study group, the other 27 adolescents who were hospitalized for planned surgical intervention constituted the control group (conditionally healthy children). The diagnosis of type I diabetes mellitus was confirmed by clinical and laboratory data (hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, impaired level of consciousness (deafening-sore). Study protocol: psychophysiological testing in adolescents was performed using the original «Rhythm» program, which presented patients with a reference sequence of sound signals and pauses between them, after which the patients played back the sound sequence using a personal computer. Adolescents in the study group were tested after diabetic ketoacidosis had subsided, glycemia had stabilized, and the level of consciousness had normalized (3–5 days after admission). The control group was tested upon admission to thehospital for planned treatment. Significance of the total index of deviations from the specified reference was determined using Student’s t-criterion. Results and discussion. Significant adaptation disorders were detected both in the study group and in the control group. However, in children with diabetes mellitus these disorders were more pronounced due to a greater shortening of the total duration of the cycle, as well as a greater aggregate index of deviations from the duration of set signals and pauses as compared to the «reference standard». Conclusion. The findings support the hypothesis that impaired adaptation mechanisms as a manifestation of desynchronization of biological rhythms may lie in the mechanism of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus development.

Cyclosporine A for the Treatment of New-Onset Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
H. Peter Chase ◽  
Nancy Butler-Simon ◽  
Satish K. Garg ◽  
Anthony Hayward ◽  
Georgeanna J. Klingensmith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cyclosporine A ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Insulin Dependent

It is not known whether early immunosuppresive treatment can preserve long-term endogenous insulin secretion in subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In the present study, clinical remissions during the first year and C-peptide production for 3 years were followed after 43 subjects with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were randomly assigned to a cyclosporine A treatment group for 4 months or to a control group. Of the six cyclosporine A-treated subjects who had remissions, five were 19 years of age or younger, compared with two of the four in the control group. C-peptide production was present in 98% of all subjects after 4 months, in 88% after 1 year, and in 43% after 3 years. There were no significant differences in numbers of subjects with C-peptide production or in mean hemoglobin A1 levels, between cyclosporine A-treated and control subjects after 3 years. Cyclosporine A treatment of subjects with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus for a period of 4 months does not have the ability to preserve residual β-cell function.

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