Shotcrete Modification Factors for the Development Length Equation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Basso Trujillo ◽  
Marc Jolin ◽  
Bruno Massicotte ◽  
Benoît Bissonnette
Keyword(s):  
Development Length

The Effect of Froude Number on Entrainment in Two-Dimensional Line Plumes

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Froude Number ◽  
Large Distance ◽  
Universal Constant ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Development Length ◽  
High Discharge ◽  
Entrainment Coefficient ◽  
Theoretical Results

Theoretical results are presented which predict the entrainment coefficient in a forced plume as a function of the local Froude number. The model does not require any external specification of the velocity and temperature profiles. The Froude number for any plume, in a motionless isothermal ambient, approaches a universal constant, at a large distance above the source. However, it is shown here that the development length for the Froude number, in plumes with high discharge Froude number, is of the order of a few hundred times the discharge width.

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