scholarly journals Myocardial ischemia: narrative drug targets and management by ethnobotanicals

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amna Batool ◽  
Umme Hasan ◽  
Farah Abid ◽  
Ambreen Utra ◽  
Umer Maqsood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Cardiac Events

Cardiac ischemia is characterized by imbalance between oxygen demand and its supply to myocardium owing to atherosclerotic plaques, which results in moderate to severe damage to heart function. Ischemic heart disease leads to cardiac arrhythmia and heart failure. Various therapeutic interventions, including lifestyle modification, pharmacological treatment options and surgical procedures are available. Besides these therapies, ischemic patients have to suffer from cardiac events repeatedly. Therefore, novel treatment modalities directed towards LDL cholesterol synthesis, oxidation of LDL, monocyte/macrophage recruitment, foam cells, platelet aggregation, cytokines and extracellular matrix comprising of smooth muscle cells have been found to be the promising targeted therapies. Moreover, drugs of ethnobotanical origin might be safer, effectual and economic, thus improving the quality of life.

scholarly journals CURRENT PHARMACOLOGICAL STATUS OF CARDIOPROTECTIVE PLANTS AGAINST ISOPROTERENOL INDUCED MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Syeda Nishat Fathima ◽  
Vasudeva Murthy S
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Heart Muscle Cells ◽  
Modern Era

 Objective: Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the modern era. Myocardial infarction is a condition where there is a significant decrease or block in the blood (oxygen) supply to the part of heart, leading to degeneration of a portion of the myocardium which triggers a cascade of cellular, inflammatory and biochemical events, leading eventually to the irreversible death (necrosis) of heart muscle cells. Various therapeutic interventions, including lifestyle modification, pharmacological treatment options, and surgical techniques are available. The present review focus on the plants that have been evaluated for cardioprotective activity against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction.Method: The current status of Cardioprotective plants was obtained from a literature search of electronic databases such as Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus up to 2017 for publications on medicinal plants used against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. Isoproterenol, Isoprenaline, myocardial infarction, cardioprotective were used as keywords for the searching.Result: A total of 117 different plant parts and their extracts have till now been published to possess cardioprotection against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. Isoproterenol a beta-adrenergic receptors agonist causes severe stress in myocardium resulting in the infarct-like lesion and produced cardiotoxic effects by elevating the levels of cardiac biomarkers and causing changes in ECG. Plant-based medicines with their antioxidant, antiapoptotic, antihyperlipidemic, platelet antiaggregatory, anti-lipid peroxidation property provide substantial evidence for the management of Ischemia.Conclusion: This review, therefore, provides a useful resource to enable a thorough assessment of the profile of plants that have cardioprotective activity against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction.

Pharmacotherapy review: Emerging treatment modalities in transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Plumadore ◽  
Lindsay Lombardo ◽  
Katherine P Cabral
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Disease State ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Agent Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Tea Extract

Abstract Disclaimer In an effort to expedite the publication of articles , AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. Purpose This review aims to summarize the evidence and pharmacological characteristics of treatment options for transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM). Additionally, this review highlights the role of clinical pharmacists in helping to secure newly introduced therapies. Summary ATTR-CM, a disease characterized by misfolded protein that is deposited in the myocardium and disrupts cardiac functioning, has historically been underdiagnosed due to the need for invasive biopsy and an illusion of rarity. Once diagnosed, limited treatment modalities for ATTR-CM have led providers to rely on nonpharmacological remedies or off-label use of medications with limited evidence of benefit. However, recent noninvasive diagnostic advancements and heightened disease state awareness have revealed increased prevalence of ATTR-CM. This has led to the introduction of several first-in-class pharmaceuticals with actions targeted at inhibiting the various phases of amyloidosis: TTR stabilizers include diflunisal and first-in-class, Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved tafamidis; TTR silencers include patisiran and inotersen; fibril disrupters include doxycycline with tauroursodeoxycholic acid; and alternative agents include green tea extract and curcumin. Conclusion ATTR-CM treatments have emerged and, despite current limited data, are continuing to evolve. Tafamidis, the only agent approved by FDA for ATTR-CM, shows promise to improve survival and quality of life in patients with ATTR-CM. Pharmacists can play a key role in assisting with agent selection for this disease state, as well as providing knowledge about current and future clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of the available treatment modalities.

scholarly journals Update on the Treatment of Idiopathic Hypersomnia

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-214
Author(s):  
M. S. Schinkelshoek ◽  
R. Fronczek ◽  
G. J. Lammers
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Lifestyle Advice ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Idiopathic Hypersomnia ◽  
Small Sample Sizes

Abstract Purpose of Review Idiopathic hypersomnia is an incapacitating disorder with a profound impact on daytime performance and quality of life. The most commonly used treatment modalities are lifestyle advice and pharmacological therapy. We present an update on the evidence concerning treatment options for idiopathic hypersomnia. Recent Findings Evidence for non-pharmacological interventions is lacking; improvement in symptoms on introducing these interventions is often less pronounced than in narcolepsy. Additional pharmacological treatment is therefore usually initiated. The few treatment studies that have been performed are hampered by small sample sizes and the use of variable and often insufficiently validated outcome parameters for the whole spectrum of idiopathic hypersomnia symptoms. Conclusion Evidence on treatment is scarce. Since the efficacy of modafinil is consistently described and there is much experience with this substance, it is reasonable to start with modafinil as a first choice treatment. Methylphenidate and dexamphetamine are good alternatives. In the future, newer drugs such as sodium oxybate, pitolisant, and solriamfetol might be authorized for use in idiopathic hypersomnia.

scholarly journals Chronic Constipation: Current Treatment Options

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (suppl b) ◽  
pp. 22B-28B ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Wing Cheong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Constipation ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Serotonin Receptor ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Bulking Agents ◽  
Quality Of Evidence

Chronic constipation is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder that affects patients of all ages. In 2007, a consensus group of 10 Canadian gastroenterologists developed a set of recommendations pertaining to the management of chronic constipation and constipation-dominant irritable bowel syndrome. Since then, tegaserod has been withdrawn from the Canadian market. A new, highly selective serotonin receptor subtype 4 agonist, prucalopride, has been examined in several large, randomized, placebo-controlled trials demonstrating its efficacy and safety in the management of patients with chronic constipation. Additional studies evaluating the use of stimulant laxatives, polyethylene glycol and probiotics in the management of chronic constipation have also been published. The present review summarizes the previous recommendations and new evidence supporting different treatment modalities – namely, diet and lifestyle, bulking agents, stool softeners, osmotic and stimulant laxatives, prucalopride and probiotics in the management of chronic constipation. A brief summary of lubiprostone and linaclotide is also presented. The quality of evidence is presented by adopting the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. Finally, a management pyramid for patients with chronic constipation is proposed based on the quality of evidence, impact of each modality on constipation and on general health, and their availabilities in Canada.

scholarly journals Chronic Constipation: Current Treatment Options

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (suppl b) ◽  
pp. 22B-28B ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Wing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Constipation ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Serotonin Receptor ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Bulking Agents ◽  
Quality Of Evidence

Chronic constipation is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder that affects patients of all ages. In 2007, a consensus group of 10 Canadian gastroenterologists developed a set of recommendations pertaining to the management of chronic constipation and constipationdominant irritable bowel syndrome. Since then, tegaserod has been withdrawn from the Canadian market. A new, highly selective serotonin receptor subtype 4 agonist, prucalopride, has been examined in several large, randomized, placebo-controlled trials demonstrating its efficacy and safety in the management of patients with chronic constipation. Additional studies evaluating the use of stimulant laxatives, polyethylene glycol and probiotics in the management of chronic constipation have also been published. The present review summarizes the previous recommendations and new evidence supporting different treatment modalities – namely, diet and lifestyle, bulking agents, stool softeners, osmotic and stimulant laxatives, prucalopride and probiotics in the management of chronic constipation. A brief summary of lubiprostone and linaclotide is also presented. The quality of evidence is presented by adopting the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. Finally, a management pyramid for patients with chronic constipation is proposed based on the quality of evidence, impact of each modality on constipation and on general health, and their availabilities in Canada.

scholarly journals Music Therapy and Dance as Gait Rehabilitation in Patients With Parkinson Disease: A Review of Evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula S. Pereira ◽  
Victor Marinho ◽  
Daya Gupta ◽  
Francisco Magalhães ◽  
Carla Ayres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Treatment Modalities

Parkinson disease causes several changes in gait, such as postural stability, which consequently induces fall risk factors and loss of quality of life. Alternative forms of treatment through rhythmic and dance stimuli have been used to minimize the Parkinson disease effects, which have been shown to be effective in improving gait and providing social well-being and quality of life in the patient. Aim: This review aims to demonstrate the efficiency of music and dance for gait improvement and symptom alleviation in Parkinson disease. Methodology: Studies that analyzed sound stimuli and dance in gait improvement in Parkinson disease were searched through PubMed, Scopus, Doaj, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect databases from November 2017 to April 2018 and repeated in September 2018. Results and Discussion: Forty-five studies met the inclusion criteria to synthesize the findings on dance and music performance as a treatment for classical symptoms of Parkinson disease. Five reviews and 40 experimental papers have shown that rhythmic stimulation and dance provide the motor, cognitive, and quality of life benefits for participants with Parkinson disease. Thus, sound stimuli and dance offer satisfactory effects for gait, improving cognitive abilities such as motor control and adjustment and spatial memory. In addition, these new treatment modalities stimulate the elderly population to practice physical exercise, generating well-being and helping self-esteem. Conclusion: Dance and music therapy interventions are noninvasive, simple treatment options, which promote gait and cognition.

Treatment of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casandra J Rosenberg ◽  
James C Watson
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Pain Control ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Background: Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy impairs quality of life and can be difficult to treat. Objective: To discuss current treatment recommendations for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Study design: Literature review. Methods: Systematic review of the literature discussing treatment of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Existing treatment guidelines were studied and compared. Results: Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy occurs in about one in six people with diabetes. This condition impairs quality of life and increases healthcare costs. Treatment recommendations exist, but individual patient therapy can require a trial-and-error approach. Many treatment options have adjuvant benefits or side effects which should be considered prior to initiating therapy. Often, a combination of treatment modalities with various mechanisms of action is required for adequate pain control. Adequate medication titration and a reasonable trial period should be allowed. Conclusion: The treatment of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy can be challenging, but effective management can improve patient’s quality of life. Clinical relevance Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy impairs quality of life and can be difficult to treat. Many treatment options have adjuvant benefits or side effects which should be considered prior to initiating therapy. Often, a combination of treatment modalities with various mechanisms of action is required for adequate pain control.

scholarly journals Acne Vulgaris Burden, Risk Factors, Lifestyle Modification Influence and Treatment Options – A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 284-291
Author(s):  
Moteab Alotaybi ◽  
Bashaer Almahdi ◽  
Abdulaziz Bokhari ◽  
Mohammed Altaf ◽  
Faisal Alagbari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
High Importance

Acne vulgaris is a widespread health issue affecting teenagers, young adults, and adults. The prevalence of this unpleasant condition varies between populations. A thorough literature review was carried out to discuss this underestimated issue through multiple perspectives. The search found that acne vulgaris has a substantial negative psychological impact on individuals leading to low quality of life and less productivity, yet it is usually neglected. Various factors, modifiable and non-modifiable) were associated with the progression of acne, such as family history, genetics, and diet, yet others were controversial. Lifestyle modifications are of high importance since they may contribute to the development of acne. Numerous anti-acne drugs are available in the form of topical and systemic, however, topical treatment options in general are preferred thanks to their effectiveness and less severe side effects.

scholarly journals Rare cases of appendicitis presented in KIMS Amalapuram, India: a clinical study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 3779
Author(s):  
M. Uday Kiran ◽  
B. Rakesh ◽  
L. Hari Prasad Rao ◽  
P. Avinash ◽  
D. Amrita Manjusha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Carcinoid Tumour ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Omental Patch ◽  
Perforated Appendix

RIF pain is a hall mark of acute appendicitis until proven otherwise decision making in a case of acute appendicitis may be difficult for junior surgeons hence we aimed at analysis in RIF pain. Out of 120 cases we found 3 rare entities they are PMP, CT of appendix and perforated appendix in LIF. Pseudomyxomaperinei and carcinoid tumour are rare presentations. Despite the current standard of treatment modalities as extensive surgical resection combined with chemotherapy, PMP and CT frequently recurs with treatment options being limited at recurrence and with severe impact on quality of life. Perforated appendix in LIF is also a rare presentation which needs appendicectomy, perforation closer with omental patch.

Optimal Management of Small Renal Masses

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1083-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Hauke
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Older Patient ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Small Renal Masses ◽  
Renal Masses

The incidence of small renal masses is increasing. Limited data suggest that although most are malignant, they are also likely to show indolent behavior. The tendency of these tumors to occur in older patient populations with multiple comorbidities raises important issues. Retrospective and prospective studies suggest that a substantial proportion of these small renal masses can be observed without compromising the opportunity for cure or subjecting patients to invasive procedures that might impact negatively on quality of life. Less-invasive treatment modalities, including partial nephrectomy and energy ablation techniques, provide multiple options for some patients. This article reviews selected aspects of the management of small renal masses, including their natural history, imaging, diagnostic biopsies, and treatment options. (

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