scholarly journals NADA POLIFONIK TEKS MARXIST ALA KUNTOWIJOYO: PENCARIAN JATI DIRI DARI MARXISME KE ISLAM

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Al Makin
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Culture History ◽  
Literature Culture ◽  
The Way

This paper presents the way in which Kuntowijoyo searches for an epestimological formulation and critical thinking from Marxits to Islamic tendencies. This effort fills the gap left by some Indonesian readers of Kuntowijoyo’s works who only highlight his Islamic ideas in literature, culture, history, and sociology from which Kuntowijoyo unleashes the idea of prophetic paradigmn to differentiate his thought from secular Western mode of thinking.  This paper also compares Kuntowijoyo’s text to the performance dangdut music of Rhoma Irama to discover the tone and rhytm of polyphone, by which I mean complexity of the text in combining Western and Eastern thoughts. This writing sheds light on the polyphonic tone of Kuntowijoyo’s text and the shifting paradigm of his thought from Marxist to Islamic tendencies.Tulisan ini membahas pergulatan pemikiran Kuntowijoyo dari aliran Marxist menuju arah Islamis. Dalam tulisan ini menyoroti para pembahas di Indonesia yang sering menekankan gagasan islami Kuntowijoyo dalam sastra, budaya, pemikiran sejarah dan sosiologi, terutama gagasan tentang profetiknya dalam bidang-bidang tersebut. Tulisan ini sekaligus membandingkan teks polifonik Kuntowijoyo yang meramu tradisi Marxisme Barat dengan musik dangdut Rhoma Irama sebagai tolak ukur nada dan irama polifonik. Baik musik dangdut ataupun teks Kuntowijoyo menghadirkan berbagai unsur perpaduan Barat dan Timur dan sekaligus mengarah pada pencarian identitas keislaman Kuntowijoyo dan Rhoma Irama. Tulisan ini sekaligus memberi sumbangan baru pada pembacaan teks polifonik dan pergeseran gagasan Kuntowijoyo dari Marxist ke Islami yang tidak mendapatkan porsi cukup dari para pembahas di Indonesia.

scholarly journals Vivekananda’s View on Uplift of the Subalturn

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapan Kumar Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Holy Land ◽  
Culture History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Partha Chatterjee ◽  
The Way ◽  
Swami Vivekananda

<div><p><em>Many great hermits throughout the ages have come of on the holy land of India. Swami Vivekananda is one of those who are especially notable in the field of eco-social, religious and history. He was born in a generous aristocratic “Kayastha” family in North Kolkata. From childhood Vivekananda was very gentle. He easily realizes the circumstances of dependent India. He gets the impression of India and its dignity in the history of mankind; the causes for that position and also whether it is necessary to change – where to start and what is the way. The main streams to culture history in India are – analyzing the relevant objects in traditional way, imperialist attitude, nationalist policy and recently the culture of lower classes history that begins in 1970s. The historians named Ranjit Guha, Partha Chatterjee, Gautam Bhadra, Gayatri Chatterjee, Dipesh Chaterjee et al are notable to initiate this kind of method. It is notable that the method is not very ancient. But Swami Vivekananda was enough to be the greatest in …….lower classes’ history in his own time. And it is no doubt that the method is popular and significant. It is my little effort to focus on Vivekananda’s thought for the development of backward classes. My effort is based on Vivekananda’s “speech”, writings, books, and letters and so on.</em></p></div>

scholarly journals “From a certain angle”: Ecothriller Reading and Science Fiction Reading The Swarm and The Rapture

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric C. Otto
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Methane Hydrate ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Mining Science ◽  
Human Practices ◽  
The Way

     Read as apocalyptic ecothrillers, Frank Schätzing’s The Swarm and Liz Jensen’s The Rapture do not offer much in the way of critical reflection on the ecocatastrophes they stage. The Swarm’s focus on the feat of confronting the violent efforts of a superintelligent, deep-sea species to protect its ocean habitat against continued human exploitation and The Rapture’s focus on the feat of locating on time the psychically-predicted disaster zone of an impending undersea calamity overshadow their more than occasional spotlighting of, for example, the dangers of methane hydrate mining. Science fiction, however, requires readers to be attentive to those narrative moments when incongruities between the known world and the extrapolated world of the text emerge with critical, not just plot-supporting, purpose. Fundamental to the reading and interpretation of science fiction is the reader’s awareness of the genre’s extrapolative practice, which connects the now with the imagined then and therefore instigates critical thinking about present human practices. Read as extrapolative science fiction, The Swarm and The Rapture gain merit as ecopolitical works, for “science fiction reading” mobilizes the latent ecopolitics of ecothrillers, ecopolitics that “ecothriller reading” would otherwise diminish or fail to notice.   Resumen               Considerados ecothrillers apocalípticos, The Swarm de Frank Schätzing y The Rapture de Liz Jensen no ofrecen mucha reflexión crítica sobre las eco-catástrofes que presentan. The Swarm se centra en los violentos esfuerzos de una especie superinteligente que habita las profundidades para proteger su hábitat marino frente a la continua explotación humana. Por su parte,  al centrarse The Rapture en la hazaña de ubicar en el tiempo la zona catastrófica de un desastre submarino inminente que ha sido predicho psicológicamente, se eclipsan las más que ocasionales referencias a, por ejemplo, los peligros de la minería de hidrato de metano. La ciencia ficción, sin embargo, requiere que los lectores estén atentos a esos momentos narrativos en los que las incongruencias entre el mundo conocido y el mundo extrapolado del texto surjan con objetivo crítico, y no sólo para respaldar el argumento. Es fundamental para la lectura y la interpretación de la ciencia ficción la conciencia por parte del lector de la práctica extrapolativa del género, que conecta el ahora con el entonces imaginado, incitando así a reflexionar críticamente sobre el comportamiento humano en la actualidad. Considerados ciencia ficción extrapolativa, The Swarm y The Rapture ganan mérito como obras eco-políticas, porque "la lectura de ciencia ficción" moviliza la eco-política latente de  los eco-thrillers – eco-política que en "la lectura de eco-thrillers" de otra forma pasaría desapercibida.

Fundamentals of Learning Theories

2011 ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor X. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Transformative Learning ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Effective Learning ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
How People Learn ◽  
The Way

Humans have different interpretations of learning theories and different beliefs about how people learn. All these beliefs may come from personal experience, self-reflection, observation of others, and through the experience of trying to teach or persuade someone else to your way of thinking. In a nutshell, everyone keeps learning every waking minute, using different learning theories. In democratic cultures, people may prefer critical thinking as an effective learning theory whereas in authoritarian cultures, people may like rote learning or memorization as an effective learning theory. It is extremely difficult to determine which learning theories are better than others because people are engaged in informal or formal learning to change the way they see themselves, change the way they see other people, and change the way they see situations (Cramer & Wasiak, 2006). All these learning theories are valuable in guiding one’s action in a particular culture, subculture, or even a particular setting. Although scholars have different interpretations of learning theories, the goal of any learning theory is the same. For example, Merriam (2004) explains a learning theory as leading to learners’ growth and development. Mezirow explains the theory of transformative learning as helping learners achieve perspective transformation. Maslow considers the goal of learning to be self-actualization: “the full use of talents, capacities, potentialities, etc.” (p. 150). Some learning theories such as the theory of andragogy encourage learners to be self-directed in learning whereas other theories emphasize the roles of teachers as information transmitters instead of learning facilitators, thus placing learners at the feet of master professors.

scholarly journals Examining Professionals’ Critical Thinking about Children Who Pose a Serious Threat to Others

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 598-615
Author(s):  
Gavin Heron ◽  
Claire Lightowler
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Professional Group ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Analytical Skills ◽  
Actual Harm ◽  
Harm To Others ◽  
Child Care Professionals ◽  
The Way

Abstract Concerns have been raised about the quality of child-care professionals’ critical thinking and analytical skills. This study examines the critical thinking demonstrated by professionals when discussing risk in relation to vulnerable children. Data were collected from thirty consultation meetings, each of which focused on assessing the risks of a child who presented a serious threat of harm to others. Discourse analysis is used to examine the way in which critical thinking about risk is discussed at the consultation meetings. The findings suggest that critical thinking is demonstrated by professionals in ways that differentiate between potential harm and actual harm, and in relation to harm children pose to themselves and to other people. Also, the willingness of professionals to ask relevant questions and challenge each other is an important way of prompting individuals to demonstrate critical thinking. However, professionals tend to demonstrate a relatively narrow conceptualisation of critical thinking. This narrow conceptualisation cannot be reduced solely to the abilities or traits of an individual or professional group and it is argued that the bureaucratic and procedural demands of organisations in relation to vulnerable children may be an important factor in limiting the way professionals demonstrate critical thinking.

scholarly journals Dos Lugares-Mundo às Matemáticas-Mundo: o Lugar-Saber-Matemática-Mundo do Seu JoãoFrom World-Places to the Mathematic-Worlds: Mr João and his Kowledge-Place-Mathematic-World

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 391-419
Author(s):  
Maria Carolina Machado Magnus ◽  
Silvio Domingos Mendes da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Field Education ◽  
Culture History ◽  
De Se ◽  
The World ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Other World ◽  
The Way

ResumoO presente artigo tem por objetivo traçar um paralelo entre os conceitos de etnomatemática e de lugar, buscando estabelecer relações entre tais conceitos que determinam e influenciam diretamente na forma de ser e de se fazer matemática, de acordo com o lugar geográfico em que se está. Para tanto, conversamos com um agricultor sobre suas práticas no campo e suas formas de lidar matematicamente com elas. A análise empreendida dá visibilidade às matemáticas-mundo em seus lugares-mundo, evidenciando similaridades e diferenças entre os diferentes lugares. Ainda, ao olharmos para as práticas dos sujeitos do campo e entendê-las a partir de suas formas de lidar matematicamente com o mundo, evidenciamos a existência de diferentes racionalidades matemáticas, que estão intrinsecamente ligadas à cultura, história, raça, etnia, economia, diversidade e heterogeneidade de cada povo. Além disso, constatamos que os lugares-mundo possuem entrelaçamentos com outros lugares-mundo.Palavras-chave: Lugar, Território, Educação do campo, Etnomatemática.AbstractThis article aims to draw a comparison between the concepts of ethnomathematics and of place, seeking to establish a relationship between those concepts which directly influence the way of being and of making mathematics, according to the geographical place where one is inserted.  For such, we talked to a farmer about his practices in the fields and about the mathematical way he deals with them. The analysis undertaken gives visibility to the world-mathematics in their world-places, giving evidence to similarities and differences between different places. Also, when we look at the practices carried out by individuals who live and work in rural areas and understand them from the way they deal with the world, mathematically speaking, we make the different mathematical rationalities evident, and the fact that they are intrinsically linked to culture history, race, ethnicity, economy, diversity and the heterogeneity of each people. Besides, we find that the world-places are intertwined with other world-places.Keywords: Place, Territory, Field education, Ethnomathematics.ResumenEl presente artículo tiene como propósito realizar una comparación entre los conceptos de etnomatemática y de lugar, buscando establecer una relación entre aquellos conceptos que influyen directamente en la forma de ser y de hacer matemática, según el lugar geográfico donde uno se inserte. Para ello, hablamos con un agricultor sobre sus prácticas en el campo y sobre la forma matemática que las maneja. El análisis realizado da visibilidad a las matemáticas-mundo en sus lugares-mundo, poniendo de manifiesto las similitudes y diferencias entre diferentes lugares. Asimismo, cuando miramos las prácticas que realizan los individuos del país y las entendemos desde su forma de lidiar con el mundo, matemáticamente hablando, revelamos las diferentes racionalidades matemáticas, y el hecho de que están intrínsecamente ligadas a la historia de la cultura, raza, etnia, economía, diversidad y heterogeneidad de cada pueblo. Además, encontramos que los lugares-mundo están entrelazados con otros lugares-mundo.Palabras clave: Lugar, Territorio, Educación del campo, Etnomatemática.

scholarly journals Writing, Acting and Engaging in Socioscientific Controversies as a Way to Learn about the Nature of Sciences

2018 ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Bernardo J. Oliveira ◽  
Marina A. Fonseca ◽  
Verona Campos Segantini
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Nature Of Science ◽  
Socioscientific Issues ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Home Videos ◽  
The Way

This article presents a methodology to teach about the nature of sciences and their histories through the construction of controversial dialogs in order to promote reflective and engaging practices among undergraduate and graduate students.  This proposal seeks to establish the study’s guidelines and organize the distribution of tasks in groups to draft scripts of dialogs that bring relevant information and that produce antagonistic positions on controversial socioscientific issues. This information will later be recorded in short home videos of 5 to 10 minutes each, which will then be shown and discussed in the classroom. Finally, this article highlights some limitations of this methodology, primarily in the way it has been used in this study. By contrast, the advantages of its use are pinpointed as a didactic strategy that serves to stimulate historical research and critical thinking regarding the nature of science and its sociotechnical relations. 

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