Estimation of Effect of Emissivity on Target Detection through Thermal Imaging Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar Sharma ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Sharma ◽  
Prashant Vasistha ◽  
Jagdish Prasad Mangalhara
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Thermodynamic Temperature ◽  
Night Vision ◽  
Thermal Imager ◽  
Thermal Contrast ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Thermal Imagers ◽  
Long Wave Infrared ◽  
Ir Bands

<p>The effects of target emissivity on apparent thermal contrast as well as on detection range capabilities of thermal imagers in long wave infrared and middle wave infrared bands were evaluated. The apparent thermal contrast (to be seen by the thermal imager at standoff distance), considering only the emission from target and background, was first computed in both the IR bands in terms of target emissivity and secondly the apparent thermal contrast, considering the background radiation reflected off the target, was also computed. A graphical user interface simulation in MATLAB was prepared for the estimation of total apparent thermal contrast taking into account both the emission and reflection. This total apparent thermal contrast was finally used in night vision thermal and image processing model for predicting the detection range performance of thermal imagers. Results of the analysis show that the effect of target emissivity on thermal contrast estimates is more pronounced in LWIR. The lower thermodynamic temperature difference between target and background at lower values of target emissivity leads to negative thermal contrast which in-turn leads to higher detection ranges.</p>

Microscaner based on synchronous motor for third generation thermal imagers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Gladkov ◽  
I.I. Kremis
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Thermal Imagers ◽  
Thermal Imaging Equipment ◽  
Physical Principles ◽  
External Rotor

Formulation of the problem. The use of FPU matrices, with the maximum achievable resolution, does not leave the desire to increase the detail of the final image, which is dictated by the main tasks set for thermal imaging technology: increasing the object detection range and increasing the object recognition range. It is obvious that in the race for the competitive advantage of the final product, in the conditions of reaching the technological limit of the basic elements (FPU matrices, etc.), additional methods are needed [1, 3] and devices. The analysis of existing systems allowing to increase the resolution of thermal imagers is carried out. The physical principles of construction and the predominant differences of microscanning devices (MSD) are considered. A prototype MSD based on an external rotor engine was made. The results of testing the device and its operational characteristics are presented. The simplicity of the design of the MSD and its low cost make it possible to expand the capabilities of thermal imaging equipment: the detection range and / or the recognition range of scene objects are increased.

scholarly journals TECHNICAL MEANS OF AIRINTELLIGENCE TO ENSURE THE PHYSICAL SECURITY OF INFORMATION ACTIVITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
Artem Platonenko ◽  
Volodymyr Sokolov ◽  
Pavlo Skladannyi ◽  
Heorhii Oleksiienko
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Unmanned Vehicles ◽  
License Plate ◽  
Thermal Imager ◽  
Camera Model ◽  
Thermal Imagers ◽  
Private And Public

This article is devoted to highlighting the real practical capabilities of UAV thermal imaging cameras, which allow you to effectively and safely identify potentially dangerous objects that may threaten the object of information activities, or the safety of citizens or critical infrastructure of Ukraine. Based on many years of flight experience and training of specialists for private and public institutions, it was decided to compare the quality characteristics and capabilities of detection, recognition and identification of objects using modern unmanned vehicles. To ensure public safety and control of the territory, there are models with multiple optical zoom, which from a distance of 500 m allow to recognize the license plate of the car, or versions with thermal imager, which in night can help see the car, the temperature difference against other cars, and the fact that a person comes out of it. Test flights were performed at altitudes from 15 to 100 m, in the open, without the presence of bushes, trees or obstacles. Depending on the camera model and weather conditions, the figures obtained may differ significantly. The main advantages and differences in the quality of thermal imaging cameras for UAVs are described. The quality of the obtained image is demonstrated on real examples and under the same conditions. A number of requirements have been developed for shooting a quadcopter with thermal imagers of objects such as a car and a person from different heights, according to Johnson's criteria, and a work plan has been developed for further research to prepare and provide effective recommendations for pilots using this technique territories of objects of information activity and during performance of service in air reconnaissance units of law enforcement agencies of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Thermal imaging as a viable tool for monitoring plant stress

OENO One ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Stoll ◽  
Hamlyn G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Thermal Imager ◽  
First Line ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Thermal Data ◽  
Thermal Imagers

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>: The objective of this paper was to describe an approach to the use of thermal data for shaded leaves rather than areas fully exposed to the sun. Secondly to make use of infrared thermography as a powerful tool to measure effects of solar radiation on berry temperature.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: Thermal images were obtained with a long-wave thermal imager. There is often less variability within an image for a shaded portion of the canopy than for a sunlit canopy. The temperature frequency distributions of sunlit leaves displayed a far wider range of temperature variation compared to shaded leaves.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: With thermal imagers it is feasible to select precisely the leaves for investigation. The remote sensing approach using infrared thermography combined with techniques available for image analysis open up a number of opportunities for comparative studies such as screening activities.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of study</strong>: Infrared thermography can be implemented as a first line of detection to determine the onset of plant stress due to changes in stomatal aperture. This approach can give reliable and sensitive indications of leaf temperature and hence to calculate stomatal conductance.</p>

CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN FACIAL AND AURAL TEMPERATURE USING NEURAL NETWORKS AND IR FEVER SCANNER: A RESPONSIBLE SECOND LOOK

2005 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 165-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Y. K. NG ◽  
COLIN CHONG ◽  
G. J. L. KAW
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
False Negative ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Core Temperature ◽  
Thermal Imager ◽  
Facial Skin ◽  
Thermal Imagers ◽  
Cardinal Symptom ◽  
Elevated Body Temperature

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a highly infectious disease caused by a coronavirus. Screening to detect potential SARS infected subject with elevated body temperature plays an important role in preventing the spread of SARS. The use of infrared (IR) thermal imaging cameras has thus been proposed as a non-invasive, speedy, cost-effective and fairly accurate means for mass blind screening of potential SARS infected persons. Infrared thermography provides a digital image showing temperature patterns. This has been previously utilized in the detection of inflammation and nerve dysfunctions. It is believed that IR cameras may potentially be used to detect subjects with fever, the cardinal symptom of SARS and avian influenza. The accuracy of the infrared system can, however, be affected by human, environmental, and equipment variables. It is also limited by the fact that the thermal imager measures the skin temperature and not the body core temperature. Thus, the use of IR thermal systems at various checkpoints for mass screening of febrile persons is scientifically unjustified such as what is the false negative rate and most importantly not to create false sense of security. This paper aims to study the effectiveness of infrared systems for its application in mass blind screening to detect subjects with elevated body temperature. For this application, it is critical for thermal imagers to be able to identify febrile from normal subjects accurately. Minimizing the number of false positive and false negative cases improves the efficiency of the screening stations. False negative results should be avoided at all costs, as letting a SARS infected person through the screening process may result in potentially catastrophic results. Hitherto, there is lack of empirical data in correlating facial skin with body temperature. The current work evaluates the correlations (and classification) between the facial skin temperatures to the aural temperature using the artificial neural network approach to confirm the suitability of the thermal imagers for human temperature screening. We show that the Train Back Propagation and Kohonen self-organizing map (SOM) can form an opinion about the type of network that is better to complement thermogram technology in fever diagnosis to drive a better parameters for reducing the size of the neural network classifier while maintaining good classification accuracy.

scholarly journals Ga-La-S-Se glass for visible and thermal imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Ravagli ◽  
Christopher Craig ◽  
John Lincoln ◽  
Daniel W. Hewak
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Chalcogenide Glasses ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Infrared Transmission ◽  
New Family ◽  
Near Net Shape ◽  
Se Glass ◽  
Long Wave Infrared

AbstractChalcogenide glasses are emerging as important enabling materials for low-cost infrared imaging by virtue of their transparency in the key short-wave infrared (SWIR) to long-wave infrared (LWIR) bands and the ability to be mass produced and molded into near-net shape lenses. In this paper, we introduce a new family of chalcogenide glasses, which offer visible as well as infrared transmission and improved thermal and mechanical properties. These glasses are based on Ga

The hyperspectral thermal imager: High spectral and spatial resolution thermal imaging from a 6U platform

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Wright ◽  
Paul Lucey ◽  
Miguel Nunes ◽  
Sarath Gunapala ◽  
Sir Rafol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Thermal Imager

scholarly journals Rescue blankets hamper thermal imaging in search and rescue missions

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Isser ◽  
Hannah Kranebitter ◽  
Andreas Kofler ◽  
Gernot Groemer ◽  
Franz J. Wiedermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Infrared Transmission ◽  
Thermal Cameras ◽  
High Gradients ◽  
Long Wave Infrared ◽  
Radiation Measurements

Abstract Thermal imaging for unmanned aerial vehicles is used to search for victims in poor visibility conditions. We used a gimbal-mounted camera for thermo-radiation measurements of body temperature from persons covered with rescue blankets in the hibernal wilderness setting. Long-wave infrared radiation in the spectral range between 7500 and 13,500 nm was evaluated. Parts of this research have previously been published in a review on electromagnetic radiation reflectivity of rescue blankets (https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/10/4/375/htm). Surface temperature measurement was diminished by clothing, namely by 72.6% for fleece, by 82.2% for an additional down jacket and by 92.3% for an additional all-weather jacket, as compared to forehead temperature. Furthermore, we detected that a single-layer rescue blanket is sufficient to render recognition of a body shape impossible. With three layers covering a clothed body infrared transmission was almost completely blocked. However, rescue blankets increase visibility for thermal cameras due to high gradients in temperature. Conspicuously low temperatures from objects of 1 to 2 m length may indicate reflections from rescue blanket surfaces in a cold environment. Ideally, rescue blankets should be removed from the body to increase the chance of being located when using thermal imaging to search for victims in search and rescue missions.

scholarly journals Thermal imaging diagnostics locomotives

2018 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Andriy Sumtsov ◽  
Anatoliy Falendysh ◽  
Olha Kletska
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Imaging Diagnostics ◽  
Electrical Systems ◽  
Thermal Imagers

The work considers the application of thermal imaging control in the operation of diesel locomotives. In particular, the diagnosis of electrical systems, cooling systems and compressors is considered. The results of the thermal imaging control of locomotives of the locomotive series CHME3 are presented. The directions of further researches for increase of efficiency of application of thermal imagers at diagnostics of a condition of systems and units of diesel locomotives are formulated.

THE PROCESS OF THERMAL IMAGING INSPECTION OF BUILDING ENVELOPES

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Ignatyuk ◽  
S. Nikolenko ◽  
Svetlana Sazonova
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Heat Flux Density ◽  
Thermal Imager ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Building Envelopes ◽  
Digital Thermometer ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Energy Survey

The paper analyzes and develops proposals to improve the energy efficiency of the building of MBOU «Lyceum No. 65» in Voronezh. The energy survey was carried out in order to comply with the requirements of Article 13 of Federal Law of November 23, 2010 No. 261-ФЗ «On Energy Saving and on Improving Energy Efficiency and on Amending Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation». The survey was carried out using a Testo 881-2 thermal imager, a digital thermometer Testo 905-T2, a meter of heat flux density and ITP temperature - MG4.03 / 5 (I) «Potok».

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