New technological solutions for restoring the inner surface of hydraulic cylinders

Relevance. Agricultural machines widely use hydraulic cylinders for various auxiliary and working movements. Operation in harsh field conditions leads to the failure of the hydraulic cylinder mirror and, as a result, to the loss of force on the cylinder rod. The development of technological solutions for the restoration of the inner surface as a more appropriate solution in repair production is relevant.Methods. Studies of the heat flow using the “Fluke Ti32” thermal imager and ofthe influence of gas-dynamic spraying (GDS) modes on the adhesive and cohesive strength when using a new design of the nozzle part of the GDS equipment were carried out.Results. The suitability of usage of new nozzle design for GDS in order to restore the inner surface of the hydraulic cylinder body has been established. The elongated and curved nozzle for installations of the “Dimet” type practically does not change the temperature regime of spraying. The adhesive and cohesive strength of the coatings obtained with the new nozzle design is sufficient to operate under conditions characteristic of the inner surface of the hydraulic cylinder body.

Imaging Luminescence Thermometry to 750 °C for the Heat Treatment of Common Engineering Alloys and Comparison with Thermal Imaging

Accurate temperature measurements are critical in manufacturing, affecting both product quality and energy consumption. At elevated temperatures, non-contact thermometers are often the only option. However, such instruments require prior knowledge of the surface emissivity, which is often unknown or difficult to determine, leading to large errors. Here we present a novel imaging luminescence thermometer based on the intensity ratio technique using magnesium fluorogermanate phosphor, with the potential to overcome this limitation. We describe measurements performed on a number of engineering alloys undergoing heat treatment at temperatures of up to 750 °C and compare these measurements against a traditional contact thermocouple and thermal imager system. Agreement between the luminescence and embedded thermocouple temperatures was found to be better than 45 °C at all temperatures. However, the thermal imager measurement on the bare metal samples, with the instrument emissivity set to 1.0, showed differences of up to 500 °C at 750 °C, a factor of 10 larger. In an effort to improve the thermal imager accuracy, its instrument emissivity was adjusted until its temperature agreed with that of the thermocouple. When measuring on the bare metal, the effective emissivity was strongly sample dependent, with mean values ranging from 0.205 to 0.784. Since the phosphor derived temperatures exhibited substantially smaller errors compared to the thermal imager, it is suggested that this method can be used to compliment the thermal imaging technique, by providing a robust mechanism for adjustment of the instrument emissivity until agreement between the thermal imager and phosphor thermometer is obtained.

Recognition of Human Face Regions under Adverse Conditions—Face Masks and Glasses—In Thermographic Sanitary Barriers through Learning Transfer from an Object Detector

The COVID-19 pandemic has detrimentally affected people’s lives and the economies of many countries, causing disruption in the health, education, transport, and other sectors. Several countries have implemented sanitary barriers at airports, bus and train stations, company gates, and other shared spaces to detect patients with viral symptoms in an effort to contain the spread of the disease. As fever is one of the most recurrent disease symptoms, the demand for devices that measure skin (body surface) temperature has increased. The thermal imaging camera, also known as a thermal imager, is one such device used to measure temperature. It employs a technology known as infrared thermography and is a noninvasive, fast, and objective tool. This study employed machine learning transfer using You Only Look Once (YOLO) to detect the hottest temperatures in the regions of interest (ROIs) of the human face in thermographic images, allowing the identification of a febrile state in humans. The algorithms detect areas of interest in the thermographic images, such as the eyes, forehead, and ears, before analyzing the temperatures in these regions. The developed software achieved excellent performance in detecting the established areas of interest, adequately indicating the maximum temperature within each region of interest, and correctly choosing the maximum temperature among them.

Object Detection using Particle Swarm Optimisation and Kalman Filter to Track Partially occluded Targets

Motion estimation, object detection, and tracking have been actively pursued by researchers in the field of real time video processing. In the present work, a new algorithm is proposed to automatically detect objects using revised local binary pattern (m-LBP) for object detection. The detected object was tracked and its location estimated using the Kalman filter, whose state covariance matrix was tuned using particle swarm optimisation (PSO). PSO, being a nature inspired algorithm, is a well proven optimization technique. This algorithm was applied to important real-world problems of partially-occluded objects in infrared videos. Algorithm validation was performed by realizing a thermal imager, and this novel algorithm was implemented in it to demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is more efficient and produces better results in motion estimation for partially-occluded objects. It is also shown that track convergence is 56% faster in the PSO-Kalman algorithm than tracking with Kalman-only filter.

Determining heat losses in university educational premises and developing an algorithm for implementing energy-saving measures

This paper gives examples of the implementation of energy-saving measures in public premises. The introduction of energy-saving measures at enterprises significantly reduces the fixed component of industrial expenditures. As a rule, educational institutions, for example, public premises, are financed from the state budget, and saving money on utilities will enable redirecting finances to the development of the university’s educational and scientific base. Thus, the main purpose of implementing such measures is to reduce the cost of maintaining buildings. The measures are divided into three stages. At the first preparatory stage, the problem elements of a building and communications, which require the introduction of energy-saving measures using a special Fluke Ti25 device, are identified. Problem elements of the building structure were determined by complete scanning of the ceiling, walls, and floor with the help of a thermal imager. A large (more than 10 %) difference between indoor air temperature and the temperature of the building element indicates a problem element. The research method is thermographic. The study contains an example of scanning the wall of the premises. The temperature difference between the left and the right sides of the wall is 2.6 °C (the difference with the room temperature is 21 %). This indicates significant heat losses through the wall. At the second stage of information processing, measures to reduce energy consumption were determined. At the third stage of the introduction of energy-saving measures, the measures that directly affect the energy consumption of a building and effective functioning of communications were implemented. The practical relevance of the study is to obtain results and practical recommendations that can be applied in practice to improve the energy efficiency of premises and buildings.

Assessment of thermal dispersion of elements of ship technical means of sea vessels

статья посвящена экспериментальному исследованию и оценке теплового рассеивания элементов судовых технических средств при помощи тепловизора: силиконового демпфера и водоводяного охладителя высокооборотного двигателя, дейдвудного подшипника. Для дейдвудного подшипника представлены также вибрационные параметры контроля. Применяемые в экспериментальных исследованиях переносные приборы неразрушающего контроля допущены к применению в РФ, проходят систематическую поверку и калибровку. Результаты экспериментальных исследований показывают, что при накоплении статистических данных по оценке теплового рассеивания судовых технических средств можно разработать рекомендации по нормированию и прогнозированию их состояния. Полученные экспериментальные данные могут быть предметом рассмотрения Классификационным обществом для улучшения качества наблюдения за технической эксплуатацией судовых технических средств. Доказано, что применение такого метода позволяет определить, температурное распределение в судовых технических средствах с учетом режимов эксплуатации пропульсивного комплекса и дополнить представление о техническом состоянии сочетания с другими методами контроля для оценки и прогнозирования технического состояния судовых технических средств. Накопленный опыт в проведении экспериментальных исследований контроля технического состояния безразборным методом диагностики позволит перейти от классических подходов технической эксплуатации до новых, входящих в систему удаленного контроля и управления судовых технических средств автономных судов в эксплуатации. the article is devoted to the experimental study and evaluation of the thermal dispersion of elements of ship technical means using a thermal imager: a silicone damper and a water-water cooler of a high-speed engine, a deadwood bearing. For the deadwood bearing, the vibration control parameters are also presented. Portable non-destructive testing devices used in experimental studies are approved for use in the Russian Federation, undergo systematic verification and calibration. The results of experimental studies show that with the accumulation of statistical data on the assessment of the thermal dissipation of ship technical equipment, it is possible to develop recommendations for rationing and forecasting their condition. The experimental data obtained can be the subject of consideration by the Classification Society for improving the quality of monitoring the technical operation of ship technical equipment. It is proved that the use of such a method allows us to determine the temperature distribution in ship technical means, taking into account the operating modes of the propulsive complex, and to supplement the idea of the technical condition of the combination with other control methods for assessing and predicting the technical condition of ship technical means The accumulated experience in conducting experimental studies of technical condition monitoring by the non-disassembled diagnostic method will allow us to move from classical approaches of technical operation to new ones included in the system of remote control and management of ship technical means of autonomous vessels in operation

Operation of vibration source of an unbalance type with liquid-filled internal working chamber

Equipment for increasing water inflow to the well is proposed, which affects the aquifer by seismic vibrations. The method is based on accelerating the filtration process in soils, exposed to vibration. The equipment can work in conjunction with a submersible pump and has the ability to pump liquid through the working chamber of the generator. Generators can be combined into a group and driven by one electric motor to increase the efficiency of vibration treatment. This method is built into the existing technology of dewatering and pits drainage. The dynamics of the vibration source operation of an unbalance type with a liquid-filled inner chamber was studied in laboratory conditions, on a test. The vibration source was attached to the stand frame and was in a vertical position coaxially with the electric drive, thereby simulating its location in the well. The unbalance was unwound by an electric drive with a rotation frequency of 10 to 50 Hz in 5 Hz steps and seismic vibrations, generated by a vibration source, were recorded. Based on the experiments’ results, the amplitude-frequency characteristics of an unbalanced vibration source in the low-frequency range with a dry and liquid-filled inner chamber were obtained. In order to prevent the bearing assemblies from jamming, their heating was monitored with a thermal imager and temperature sensors.

Laminar-turbulent transitions during thermal gravitational-capillary convection in horizontal liquid layers heated from below

The evolution of the spatial form of the flow versus the Rayleigh number in layers with two rigid horizontal boundaries and layers with a free surface is experimentally investigated depending on the Rayleigh and Marangoni numbers. The experiments were carried out with layers of ethyl alcohol and water. A thermal imager was used to measure temperature fields on free surfaces of liquids.

Noninvasive Passenger Detection Comparison Using Thermal Imager and IP Cameras

Many modern vehicles today are equipped with an on-board e-call system that can send information about the number of passengers in the event of an accident. However, in case of fire or other major danger in a road tunnel, it is very important for rescue services to know not only the number of passengers in a given vehicle that has an accident and called help via e-call but how many people are in the tunnel in total. This paper deals with the issue of passenger detection and counting using the TPH3008-S Thermal camera and the VIVOTEK IP7361 IP Cameras noninvasively, i.e., the cameras are placed outside the vehicle. These cameras have their limitations; therefore, we investigated how to improve conditions and how to make detection better for future work. The main goal of this article is to summarize the achieved results and possibilities of improvement of the proposed system by adding other sensors and systems that would improve the final score of passenger detection. The experimental results demonstrate that our approach has to be modified and we have to add additional sensors or change methods to achieve more promising results. The results, findings and conclusions might be later used in tunnels and highways and also be applied in telematics and lead to better, safer road transport and improvement of existing tunnel systems sustainability by utilizing resources in a smarter way.