GENERATING A STREAM WITH A STABLE FORMALDEHYDE CONCENTRATION IN THE LABORATORY

Author(s):  
Mitham Al-faliti ◽  
Ashraf Aly Hassan ◽  
Bruce Dvorak

A laboratory-scale bio-trickling filter (BTF) was initialized to evaluate the removal of formaldehyde biologically. However, generating formaldehyde gas in the lab is one of the grand challenges hindering research efforts. Formaldehyde was introduced into the gaseous phase by aerating the required air flowrate through a diluted formaldehyde solution mixed with methanol as a stabilizer by a bubbler. However, achieving stable gaseous influent concentrations of formaldehyde was challenging since it polymerizes while volatilizing. Resulting in paraformaldehyde. The resulting white powder clogged the pipes and generated uneven gaseous concentrations. To solve this problem, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was added with a phosphate buffer to the aqueous formaldehyde solution to maintain the pH between 7.00-7.20. Additionally, the aqueous solution needed to be heated at 60℃ to eliminate the polymerization. The exhausted formaldehyde by volatilization was replaced by a continuous supply of aqueous diluted formaldehyde solution to keep the volume and mass of the aqueous solution and formaldehyde constant, respectively. Stable gaseous concentration was achieved for extended periods of time and verified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.

1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1131-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junzo Masamoto ◽  
Hajime Nagahara ◽  
Tsuneshi Yokoyama ◽  
Rikio Fujikawa ◽  
Tadashi Tanaka ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Edia Rahayuningsih ◽  
Wiratni Budhijanto ◽  
Rizal I. Rosyid ◽  
Yosephine I. Ayuningtyas

Abstrak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan jenis dan jumlah bahan pengawet yang secara efektif dapat menghambat reaksi biodegradasi zat warna alami dalam ekstrak gambir (Uncaria gambir) dalam pelarut air, serta menentukan nilai parameter reaksi biodegradasi zat warna alami dalam ekstrak gambir. Ekstrak zat warna alami dari gambir, yang telah bebas padatan, sebanyak 300 mL ditambah asam sitrat (0,006 gram/mL ekstrak) sebagai bahan bahan pengawet. Ekstrak kemudian disimpan dalam reaktor yang ditutup rapat dan dilindungi dari sinar ultra violet. Setiap selang waktu 2 hari, kadar pewarna alami dianalisis dengan metode gravimetri. Percobaan dilakukan dengan cara yang sama untuk 5 jenis pengawet lainnya dan dengan berbagai konsentrasi, yaitu: larutan formalin dalam air, larutan kitosan dalam asam asetat, ekstrak temu kunci (Boesenbergia rotunda L.), ekstrak daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum), dan ekstrak daun bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.), masing-masing sebanyak 5 mL larutan atau ekstrak bahan pengawet dalam 40 mL sampel ekstrak. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat ditetapkan bahwa larutan formalin dalam air dan larutan kitosan dalam larutan asam asetat 2% merupakan pengawet yang paling efektif menghambat reaksi biodegradasi zat warna alami dalam ekstrak, dibandingkan pengawet lainnya, yaitu: asam sitrat, ekstrak daun salam, ekstrak temu kunci, dan ekstrak daun bandotan. Jumlah formalin dan kitosan yang ditambahkan dalam ekstrak paling efektif berturut-turut adalah 0,017% dan 0,25% v/v. Nilai parameter reaksi biodegradasi zat warna alami dalam ekstrak diperoleh dalam bentuk konstanta kecepatan pertumbuhan spesifik (µ0, hari-1), konstanta saturasi (Ks, g/mL), konstanta kematian (kd, hari -1), rasio kd/µ0, dan yield (Yi). Kata kunci: biodegradasi, gambir, pengawet, pewarna alami. Abstract. Preservation of Natural Dye Extract from Gambir (Uncaria gambir) in Water as Solvent. The purpose of this study was to determine the type and the amount of preservative agent which effectively prevent biodegradation reaction of natural colorant in the aqueous extract of “gambir” (Uncaria Gambir). This study also determined the parameter values in the biodegradation reaction of gambir extract. The experiment was carried out by first preparing 300 mL of filtered gambir extract, into which citric acid as much as 0.006 g/mL was added as a preservative. The extract was then stored in a closed reactor with UV protector. Every two days, sample was drawn from the reactor for gravimetric analysis to determine the colorant concentration. Besides citric acid, the same experiments were also conducted for five other preservatives, which were the aqueous formaldehyde solution, the chitosan dissolved in 2% acetic acid solution, the  extract of “temu kunci” (Boesenbergia rotunda L.), the extract of  Indian bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum), and the extract of “bandotan leaf” (Ageratum conyzoides L.). This study showed that aqueous formaldehyde solution and chitosan dissolved in 2% acetic acid solution was the most effective preservative to prevent biodegradation reaction of natural colorant in gambir extract, in comparizon to citric acid, “temu kunci”, Indian bay leaf, and “bandotan” leaf. The effective concentrations of formalin and chitosan were 0.017% and 0.25% v/v respectively. The parameters of the biodegradation reaction of the natural colorant in gambir extract in the form of specific growth rate coefficient (µ0, day-1), saturation constant (Ks, g/mL), death constant (kd, day -1), ratio of kd/µ0, and yield (Yi). Keywords: biodegradation, gambir, natural dye, preservative. Graphical Abstract


2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Muhamad Faridz Osman ◽  
Karimah Kassim

The coordination complexes of Co(II) and Zn(II) with Schiff bases derived from o-phenylenediamine and substituted 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde were prepared All compounds were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy elemental analyzers. They were analyzed using impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range of 100Hz-1 MHz. LI and L2 showed higher conductivity compared to their metal complexes, which had values of 1.3 7 x 10-7 and 6.13 x 10-8 S/cm respectively. 


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