scholarly journals XXIII Semana de la Enseñanza de La Física. 200 años del Electromagnetismo.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Mateo Mancera Martínez ◽  
Julián Andrés Salamanca Bernal ◽  
Alejandro Hurtado
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Dynamical Theory ◽  
James Clerk Maxwell

Evento desarrollado del 23 al 27 de noviembre de 2020, en el Proyecto Curricular de Licenciatura en Física, de la Facultad de Ciencias y Educación. Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá, Colombia. A comienzos de 1820 el físico danés Hans Christian Ørsted descubrió experimentalmente la relación existente entre el magnetismo y la electricidad, publicando su descubrimiento en un corto artículo titulado: Experimenta circa effectum conflictus electrici in acum magneticam. Dando origen al electromagnetismo y a una serie de trabajos de diversos científicos, que culminaron con la unificación, lograda por James Clerk Maxwell, de la electricidad, el magnetismo y la luz como diversas manifestaciones de un mismo fenómeno físico. Trabajo que fue publicado bajo el título de: A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field. Se cumplen así 200 años de un descubrimiento que cambiaría la concepción física de la época y potenciaría un desarrollo que aún hoy día continúa.

scholarly journals Sesquicentennial of the presentation by James Clerk Maxwell of his paper "A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field" to the Royal Society of London

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 1560070
Author(s):  
Asghar Qadir ◽  
D. P. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Dynamical Theory ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
Kinetic Theory Of Gases ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Major Work ◽  
James Clerk Maxwell ◽  
Electricity And Magnetism ◽  
Royal Society Of London

James Clerk Maxwell is generally regarded as the greatest contributor to the development of Physics in the time between Newton and Einstein. His most important contributions are the Kinetic Theory of Gases and Electromagnetism which is the unified theory of Electricity and Magnetism. Although his major work on Electromagnetism was published in 1865 it was read at a meeting of the Royal Society of London in 1864. The sesquicentennial of the theory correctly falls in 2014. In this article that event is celebrated. Parts of his early and professional life are described. Aspects of his many contributions are discussed but mainly we concentrate on his contributions through thermal and electromagnetic Physics.

Maxwell, Measurement, and the Modes of Electromagnetic Theory

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce J. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Mechanical Model ◽  
Dynamical Theory ◽  
Electromagnetic Theory ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
James Clerk Maxwell ◽  
Engineering Approach ◽  
Mechanical Explanation ◽  
Technological Context ◽  
Apparent Shift

In 1861–62, James Clerk Maxwell published “On Physical Lines of Force,” in which he laid out a detailed mechanical model of the ether and argued that it could account not only for electromagnetic phenomena but for light as well. In 1864, he followed with “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field,” in which he derived the electromagnetic equations from general dynamical considerations without invoking any mechanical model of the ether. Why the shift? Did Maxwell regard his mechanical model as mere scaffolding, to be cast aside once it had led him to the proper field equations? Or did he remain committed to the goal of a purely mechanical explanation, but find it useful to free his main results, particularly his electromagnetic theory of light, from dependence on the specifics of an admittedly speculative model? To understand the apparent shift Maxwell’s thinking underwent between 1862 and 1864, I propose that we look closely at what he was doing in 1863. He spent that year working hard for the British Association Committee on Electrical Standards, collaborating with telegraph engineers to establish the value of the ohm and laying the groundwork for measuring the ratio of electrostatic to electromagnetic units, a key quantity in his electromagnetic theory of light. This experience led Maxwell to adopt for a time an engineering approach that focused on establishing relationships between measureable quantities rather than devising hypothetical mechanisms. Maxwell’s electromagnetic work thus had closer ties to the technological context of the day than has generally been recognized.

scholarly journals The Inertia of Light. Newton's Law in 4 Dimensions.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Vegt
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Field Configuration ◽  
Energy Tensor ◽  
Electromagnetic Mass ◽  
Spatial Direction ◽  
Newtonian Physics ◽  
Isaac Newton ◽  
Spatial Coordinate ◽  
James Clerk Maxwell

Isaac Newton and James Clerk Maxwell were giants in the history of physics. Newton in his century (1643 – 1727) and Maxwell about 150 years later (1831 – 1879) in his own century. Newton has built his theories, based on the deep and profound wisdom in nature and religion. For this reason, Newton has been called the last magician in his time. Maxwell represents modern physics and he has built his theories only on pure mathematics. Based on Newtonian Physics it is possible to reach much further in physics than the achievements based on a simple Maxwell’s mathematical approach. Newtonian Physics gives a new insight in the fundamental physics of Light, Electromagnetic Fields, Dirac’s relativistic Quantum Physics and Einstein’s General Relativity. All we know about light, and in general about any electromagnetic field configuration, has been based only on two fundamental theories. James Clerk Maxwell introduced in 1865 the “Theory of Electrodynamics” with the publication: “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field” and Albert Einstein introduced in 1905 the “Theory of Special Relativity” with the publication: “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies” and in 1913 the “Theory of General Relativity” with the publication ”Outline of a Generalized Theory of Relativity and of a Theory of Gravitation”. However, both theories are not capable to explain the property of electromagnetic mass and in specific the anisotropy of the phenomenon of electromagnetic mass. To understand what electromagnetic inertia and the corresponding electromagnetic mass is and how the anisotropy of electromagnetic mass can be explained and how it has to be defined, a New Theory about Light has to be developed. A part of this New Theory about Light will be published in this article.The New Theory about Light has been based on one single fundamental property of our Universe. The unique property that there has always been, is always and will always be a perfect equilibrium within our Universe. Isaac Newton has discovered this fundamental physical law already 300 years ago by his third law in physics. “For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction”. In the New Theory this law of Equilibrium has been extended for any arbitrary Electromagnetic Field Configuration, which requires the fundamental Universal Property: “The total algebraic sum of all force densities will always equal zero at any time at any spatial coordinate in any spatial direction”. To develop a set of 4 electromagnetic equations, describing all the force densities within any arbitrary electromagnetic field configuration, the Divergence of the 4-Dimensional Stress-Energy Tensor has been taken, resulting in the 4-Dimensional Electromagnetic Vector Equation with the fundamental requirement: “The the total algebraic sum of all force densities equals zero at any time at any spatial coordinate in any spatial direction”

Ørsted, Hans Christian (1777–1851)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Albert Einstein ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Dynamical Theory ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Religious Instruction ◽  
Natural Laws ◽  
James Clerk Maxwell ◽  
Heinrich Hertz ◽  
Unified View ◽  
Michael Faraday

Hans Christian Ørsted, the Danish chemist and physicist, discovered electromagnetism in 1820. This epochal discovery fundamentally changed the development of physical science, leading to the ground-breaking research of Michael Faraday, Andre-Marie Ampere, James Clerk Maxwell, Heinrich Hertz, Albert Einstein, and others. In his scientific work, Ørsted espoused a dynamical theory of matter which had its roots in Immanuel Kant’s metaphysics of nature, and he remained committed to the belief in the fundamental interconnection of natural forces, a commitment that can be traced back to his religious instruction as a youth and to Friedrich von Schelling’s Naturphilosophie. During the early years of his career, he strove to provide a rigorous metaphysical foundation for the science of chemistry. Throughout his life and scientific work, Ørsted understood natural laws and phenomena to be the rational revelation of God, and sought to develop a unified view of nature reflecting this belief.

scholarly journals ‘…a paper …I hold to be great guns’: a commentary on Maxwell (1865) ‘A dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field’

2015 ◽  
Vol 373 (2039) ◽  
pp. 20140473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Longair
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Dynamical Theory ◽  
First Century ◽  
Displacement Current ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Newtonian Physics ◽  
Mechanical Models ◽  
Theory Of Fields ◽  
Physical Phenomena

Maxwell's great paper of 1865 established his dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field. The origins of the paper lay in his earlier papers of 1856, in which he began the mathematical elaboration of Faraday's researches into electromagnetism, and of 1861–1862, in which the displacement current was introduced. These earlier works were based upon mechanical analogies. In the paper of 1865, the focus shifts to the role of the fields themselves as a description of electromagnetic phenomena. The somewhat artificial mechanical models by which he had arrived at his field equations a few years earlier were stripped away. Maxwell's introduction of the concept of fields to explain physical phenomena provided the essential link between the mechanical world of Newtonian physics and the theory of fields, as elaborated by Einstein and others, which lies at the heart of twentieth and twenty-first century physics. This commentary was written to celebrate the 350th anniversary of the journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society .

scholarly journals II. A dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field

1864 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Dynamical Theory ◽  
Propagation Of Light ◽  
Electromagnetic Effects

The proposed Theory seeks for the origin of electromagnetic effects in the medium surrounding the electric or magnetic bodies, and assumes that they act on each other not immediately at a distance, but through the intervention of this medium. The existence of the medium is assumed as probable, since the investigations of Optics have led philosophers to believe that in such a medium the propagation of light takes place.

VIII. A dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field

1865 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 459-512 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Relative Position ◽  
Magnetic State ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Mechanical Action ◽  
Dynamical Theory ◽  
Magnetic Condition ◽  
Two Bodies ◽  
Mutual Action

(1) The most obvious mechanical phenomenon in electrical and magnetical experiments is the mutual action by which bodies in certain states set each other in motion while still at a sensible distance from each other. The first step, therefore, in reducing these phenomena into scientific form, is to ascertain the magnitude and direction of the force acting between the bodies, and when it is found that this force depends in a certain way upon the relative position of the bodies and on their electric or magnetic condition, it seems at first sight natural to explain the facts by assuming the existence of something either at rest or in motion in each body, constituting its electric or magnetic state, and capable of acting at a distance according to mathematical laws. In this way mathematical theories of statical electricity, of magnetism, of the mechanical action between conductors carrying currents, and of the induction of currents have been formed. In these theories the force acting between the two bodies is treated with reference only to the condition of the bodies and their relative position, and without any express consideration of the surrounding medium.

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