Global Value Chains and Export-Import Determinants in the European Union Member Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1365
Author(s):  
Rajmund MIRDALA
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Real Exchange Rates ◽  
Import Demand ◽  
Intermediate Goods ◽  
The European Union ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Individual

Intra-Eurozone current account imbalances represent one of the most discussed topics related to the competitiveness issues of the common currency area since its establishment. Many authors examined this phenomenon considering possible linkages to effects of common monetary policy, real exchange rates movements, variety of demand drivers (fiscal imbalances included) and capital flows. However, as a result of increasing specialization on the individual country level during past few decades that stimulated distribution of individual stages of production across countries, dynamics of exports and imports of final goods, intermediate goods as well as primary inputs was associated with generally ambiguous effect on the external balance. The paper investigates the main determinants of disaggregated export and import demand functions on the sample of 21 the European Union member countries. Our results from estimated ARDL model based on the panel data indicates relatively significant importance of intermediate goods in the formation of external trade balances within as well as outside European Union from both territorial and commodity aspects.

scholarly journals Foreign Direct Investment in the New European Union Member States and Developing Countries of Asia under Conditions of the Global Financial and Economic Crisis: Comparative Aspects

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-153
Author(s):  
Janina Witkowska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Union Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
Made In

The objective of this article is a comparative analysis of the changing position of new European Union member states and the developing countries of Asia in global and regional FDI flows as well as an assessment of the impact of the global crisis on the position of these regions and selected countries in terms of FDI. The analysis encompasses European Union member states that received membership as a part of the enlargement of 2004 and 2007 as well as the developing sub–regions of Asia—i.e. East, South-East, and South Asia. The conducted analysis demonstrates that the position of the developing countries of Asia is significantly stronger than that of the new European Union member states, which is mainly determined by the scale of the economies of countries such as China and India. Subject to conditions of global crisis, Asia and Oceania as a whole noted growth in the inflow of FDI in 2008 by almost 17%, where the European Union member states saw a 2% fall. The situation inside the analyzed regions is extremely varied in terms of noticeable effects of the crisis in the FDI sphere. It is dependent on not only processes of economic growth, but also on the character of investments made in the individual countries and sub– regions as well as motives behind the actions of investors.

scholarly journals The Policies of Social Innovation: A Cross-National Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorgi Krlev ◽  
Torbjörn Einarsson ◽  
Filip Wijkström ◽  
Lea Heyer ◽  
Georg Mildenberger
Keyword(s):  
Social Innovation ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Policy Discourse ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
Policy Regimes ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
Cross National

This article deals with the policy discourse on social innovation at the European Union (EU) level as well as across nine European countries. We perform an exploratory analysis of relevant policy documents focusing on articulated policy authority, suggested actors, and key outcomes of social innovation. We also conduct an explanatory testing of the applicability of the varieties of capitalism as a traditional innovation classification system to social innovation. We find that the policy discourse across Europe lacks systemization and that EU agendas are only incompletely replicated at the individual country level. We also find that social innovation policies largely defy the principles governing traditional innovation policy regimes, which necessitates new or revised classification frames.

scholarly journals Castaño avoids a clash between the ECtHR and the CJEU, but erodes Soering. Thinking human rights transnationally

2020 ◽  
pp. 203228442097974
Author(s):  
Sibel Top ◽  
Paul De Hert
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Union Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
European Court ◽  
Criminal Matters ◽  
European Union Member States

This article examines the changing balance established by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) between human rights filters to extradition and the obligation to cooperate and how this shift of rationale brought the Court closer to the position of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in that respect. The article argues that the ECtHR initially adopted a position whereby it prioritised human rights concerns over extraditions, but that it later nuanced that approach by establishing, in some cases, an obligation to cooperate to ensure proper respect of human rights. This refinement of its position brought the ECtHR closer to the approach adopted by the CJEU that traditionally put the obligation to cooperate above human rights concerns. In recent years, however, the CJEU also backtracked to some extent from its uncompromising attitude on the obligation to cooperate, which enabled a convergence of the rationales of the two Courts. Although this alignment of the Courts was necessary to mitigate the conflicting obligations of European Union Member States towards both Courts, this article warns against the danger of making too many human rights concessions to cooperation in criminal matters.

scholarly journals General Government Debt and Budget Deficit as Threats to Economic Security of the European Union Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Górniewicz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Government Debt ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Statistical Data Analysis ◽  
General Government ◽  
European Union Member States

Abstract The aim of the article is to present budget deficit and government debt in the European Union member states, with particular consideration of the countries that belong to the PIIGS group. This paper has focused on the scale of these phenomena, on their reasons and on some attempts made to improve the unfavourable situation. In the main thesis presented in the article, it is stated that budget deficit and general government debt come as significant threats to economic security of the European Union (EU) countries. The research methods that have been applied in the study involve descriptive analysis and statistical data analysis.

scholarly journals Competing for Capitals: The Great Fragmentation of the firm and varieties of FDI attraction profiles in the European Union

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjan Reurink ◽  
Javier Garcia-Bernardo
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Holding Companies ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Shared Service ◽  
Investment Capital ◽  
Fdi Attraction

Economic globalization has pressured countries to compete with one another for firms’ investment capital. Analyses of such competition draw heavily on foreign direct investment (FDI) statistics. In and of themselves, however, FDI statistics are merely a quantification of the value of firms’ investment projects and tell us little about the heterogeneity of these projects and the distinct patterns of competitive dynamics between countries they generate. Here, we create a more sophisticated understanding of international competition for FDI by pointing out its variegated nature. To do so, we trace the “great fragmentation of the firm” to distinguish between five categories of FDI: manufacturing affiliates, shared service centers, R&D facilities, intermediate holding companies, and top holding companies. Using a novel combination of firm-level and country-level data, we identify for each of these different categories which European Union member states are most successful in attracting it, what macro-institutional and tax arrangements are present in them, and what benefits they receive from it in terms of tax revenues and employment creation. In this way, we are able to identify five distinct “FDI attraction profiles” and show that competition increasingly appears to take place amongst subsets of countries that compete for similar categories of FDI.

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