scholarly journals Competing for Capitals: The Great Fragmentation of the firm and varieties of FDI attraction profiles in the European Union

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjan Reurink ◽  
Javier Garcia-Bernardo
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Holding Companies ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Shared Service ◽  
Investment Capital ◽  
Fdi Attraction

Economic globalization has pressured countries to compete with one another for firms’ investment capital. Analyses of such competition draw heavily on foreign direct investment (FDI) statistics. In and of themselves, however, FDI statistics are merely a quantification of the value of firms’ investment projects and tell us little about the heterogeneity of these projects and the distinct patterns of competitive dynamics between countries they generate. Here, we create a more sophisticated understanding of international competition for FDI by pointing out its variegated nature. To do so, we trace the “great fragmentation of the firm” to distinguish between five categories of FDI: manufacturing affiliates, shared service centers, R&D facilities, intermediate holding companies, and top holding companies. Using a novel combination of firm-level and country-level data, we identify for each of these different categories which European Union member states are most successful in attracting it, what macro-institutional and tax arrangements are present in them, and what benefits they receive from it in terms of tax revenues and employment creation. In this way, we are able to identify five distinct “FDI attraction profiles” and show that competition increasingly appears to take place amongst subsets of countries that compete for similar categories of FDI.

scholarly journals RELATION BETWEEN LIFE SATISFACTION AND GDP IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

Ekonomika ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Mindaugas Degutis ◽  
Sigitas Urbonavičius ◽  
Algis Gaižutis
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Wealth Of Nations

In the paper, relation between GDP and subjective well-being, expressed as personal life satisfaction is analysed. On the basis of the European Union data from 2000 to 2009, the so-called Easterlin’s paradox, which claims that life satisfaction stays flat in face of the increasing wealth of nations, is tested. The test is carried out using aggregated country level data on life satisfaction from a Standard Eurobarometer survey and GDP per capita data. Both the cross-country correlation and the within-country trends’ regression analyses show that the GDP level is positively related to the level of life satisfaction. Although the relation is particularly strongly expressed in Eastern European countries, it also stays positive in many more prosperous EU countries. Nevertheless, further studies on factors influencing the shape of relation are necessary to explain exceptions from the relation. The authors also suggest a possible necessity to find more sensitive indicators of life satisfaction to measure it more accurately in the future.

Institutional trust and multilevel government in the European Union: Congruence or compensation?

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Muñoz ◽  
Mariano Torcal ◽  
Eduard Bonet
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Country Level ◽  
National Institutions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

Does trust in national institutions foster or hinder trust in the institutions of the European Union (EU)? There is no agreement in the literature on popular support for the EU about the direction of the relationship between trust in national and European institutions. Some scholars argue that both will be positively related, others have proposed the opposite hypothesis: low levels of trust in national institutions will lead citizens to higher levels of support for the EU. We argue that both hypotheses are true but operate at different levels: whereas more trusting citizens tend to be so in both the national and the European arenas, we also find that at the country level the relationship is negative: living in a country with highly trusted and well-performing institutions hinders trust in the European Parliament. We test our hypotheses using data from the European Social Survey and Hierarchical Linear Modeling.

scholarly journals Higher education in the EU countries: comparative geographical analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 00131
Author(s):  
Marina Voronina
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
European Union ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
University Students ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Eu

The article analyzes indicators of higher education in the European Union: the number of higher education institutions; the number of university students; changes in the number of faculty members, age structure; higher education expenses; cost of training one student. A similar study was conducted by the author in 2006. The article provides a comparative analysis of indicators for 2001-2016. The analysis uses data from EUROSTAT which were interpreted at the cross-country level.

scholarly journals A second look at the pesticides initiative program: evidence from Senegal

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
MELISE JAUD ◽  
OLIVIER CADOT
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Second Look ◽  
Initiative Program ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThis paper investigates whether the Pesticides Initiative Program has significantly affected the export performance of Senegal's horticulture industry. We apply two main microeconometric techniques, difference-in-differences and matching difference-in-differences, to identify the effect of the Pesticides Initiative Program on exports of fresh fruits and vegetables. We use a unique firm-level dataset containing data on sales, employment, and exports by product and destination markets, as well as firm enrolment year, over 2000–2008. The results suggest that while the program had no significant effect on exports pooled over all products and destinations, it had a positive effect when considering fresh fruits and vegetables exports to the European Union.

scholarly journals Trends in mortality from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the European Union: an observational study of the WHO mortality database from 2001–2013

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 1701603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic C. Marshall ◽  
Justin D. Salciccioli ◽  
Barry S. Shea ◽  
Praveen Akuthota
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
World Health ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Country Level

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias and is characterised by progressive accumulation of scar tissue in the lungs. The objective of this study was to describe the current mortality rates due to IPF in Europe, based on the World Health Organization (WHO) mortality database.We used country-level data for IPF mortality, identified in the WHO mortality database using International Classification of Diseases 10th Edition (ICD-10) codes, for the period 2001–2013. Joinpoint analysis was performed to describe trends throughout the observation period.The median mortality was 3.75 per 100 000 (interquartile range (IQR) 1.37–5.30) and 1.50 per 100 000 (IQR 0.65–2.02) for males and females, respectively. IPF mortality increased in the majority of the European Union (EU) countries with the exceptions of Denmark, Croatia, Austria and Romania. There was a significant disparity in rates across Europe, in the range 0.41–12.1 per 100 000 for men and 0.24–5.63 per 100 000 for women. The most notable increases were observed in the United Kingdom and Finland. Rates were also substantially higher in males, with sex disparity increasing across the period.The reported IPF mortality appears to be increasing across the EU; however, there is substantial variation in mortality trends and overall reported mortality rates between countries.

scholarly journals Competitiveness of Lithuanian Freight Transport Service Sector in the Context of the European Union

Ekonomika ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neringa Langvinienė ◽  
Jurgita Sekliuckienė
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Transport Service ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Transport Services

Progressive changes, dynamic business environment become a constant of life in several economics spheres, including the Lithuanian freight transport service sector. Lithuanian freight transport services are characterized as sector acting on the terms of high rivalry. The aim of this article is to analyse the competitiveness of the Lithuanian freight transport sector in the context of the European Union. The competitive theoretical background, estimation of competitiveness of freight transport services are analysed. The competitive analysis of the sector through the Porter’s model of five forces and internal characteristics of the enterprise defining the Lithuanian freight transport sector in terms of size and specialization is carried out. The methods of the research are systematics and a comparative analysis of scientific literature, quantitative research based on freight transport organisation survey. An empirical survey in which 349 freight transport service enterprises were examined allowed to reveal and estimate the most important factors influencing the competition intensity and the main firm-level factors that influence the companies’ competitiveness in the economic sector.

The determinants of ESG in the banking sector of MENA region: a trend or necessity?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rim El Khoury ◽  
Nohade Nasrallah ◽  
Bahaaeddin Alareeni
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Driving Mechanisms ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Level Of Economic Development

Purpose As reporting environmental, social and governance (ESG) information is not yet mandatory in all countries, it is intriguing to understand ESG’s underlying driving mechanisms. This study aims to investigate ESG determinants in the banking sector of the Middle East and North Africa countries. Design/methodology/approach The authors gather data for 38 listed banks for the period 2011–2019. The data used is threefold as follows: data related to ESG; firm-level; and country-level data. While ESG and firm’s level data are taken from Refinitiv, country-level data are extracted from the World Bank. Using panel regression, the authors test the effect of firm- and country-specific variables on the overall ESG score and its pillars. Findings Results indicate that banks’ ESG scores are negatively affected by performance and positively affected by size. The level of economic development exerts a negative impact on the environmental pillar while the social development exerts a positive impact on ESG and governance pillar. Corruption is the only country-level that gathers a homogenous effect on ESG scores. Finally, the three pillars follow heterogeneous patterns. Originality/value This study extends the scope of previous studies by introducing new country-level independent variables to contribute to the understanding of ESG antecedents.

scholarly journals Whom do European corporations lobby? The domestic institutional determinants of interest group activity in the European Union

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean D. Ehrlich ◽  
Eryn Jones
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Level ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Institutional Determinants ◽  
Level Increase ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Domestic Level ◽  
The Eu

The complicated and multi-layered policymaking process in the European Union presents private interests, such as business firms, with an interesting strategic choice of whom and how to lobby. As the costs of lobbying at the domestic level increase, firms are expected to, instead, devote their resources to lobbying at the European level. Specifically, this article examines how domestic access points and domestic partisanship affect the costs and benefits of lobbying at the domestic versus European level. Using data on firm-level decisions to lobby the EU, this research finds that in countries where is it more costly (or less beneficial) to lobby domestically, firms are more likely to lobby at the EU level.

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