scholarly journals The Costs of Producing Biodiesel from Microalgae in the Asia-Pacific Region

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.J. Griffin ◽  
D.F. Batten ◽  
T. Beer ◽  
P.K. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Cost Estimates ◽  
The World ◽  
Resource Availability Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
High Degree

Capital and operating cost estimates for converting microalgae to oil or biodiesel are compared. These cost comparisons are based on Australian locations, which are expected to fall at the lower end of the cost spectrum in the Asia-Pacific Region and other parts of the world.  It is assumed that microalgae are grown in a concentrated saltwater medium in raceway ponds, then are harvested, dewatered and the oil is extracted and converted to biodiesel by transesterification. The size of the desired pond system affects the number of potential locations due to constraints in resource availability. Cost estimates vary significantly due to differences in the assumed oil productivity, the harvesting equipment and the method of converting residual biomass to electric power. A comparison is made with recent cost estimates from other parts of the world, in which the expected costs of microalgae oil production from a number of publicly available sources lay between 0.34–31.0 USD/L.  The resulting cost estimates of between 1.37—2.66 USD/L are at the lower end of this scale, thereby confirming that Australia has the potential to be a low-cost producer of algal oil and biodiesel in the Asia-Pacific Region.  It was significant that, despite similar assumptions for the microalgae-to-oil process, cost estimates for the final biodiesel or oil price differed by a factor of 2.  This highlights the high degree of uncertainty in such economic predictions. Keywords: Asia-Pacific region; biodiesel; economics; microalgaeThis article is cited as :Griffin, G., Batten, D., Beer, T., & Campbell, P. (2013). The Costs of Producing Biodiesel from Microalgae in the Asia-Pacific Region. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Development (IJRED), 2(3), 105-113. doi:10.14710/ijred.2.3.105-113Permalinkhttp://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2.3.105-113

Pacific Asia: Economic Integration and Prospects of Russia

2011 ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
V. Usol'tsev
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Asian Financial Crisis ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
World Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Pacific Asia

The article describes in detail the integration processes in the Asia-Pacific region, the influence of the Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998 biennium. and the world crisis 2007-2008 biennium, as well as the prospects of the Russian connection.

An Army of Influence

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Capacity To Change

The importance of regional cooperation is becoming more apparent as the world moves into the third decade of the 21st century. An Army of Influence is a thought-provoking analysis of the Australian Army's capacity to change, with a particular focus on the Asia-Pacific region. Written by highly regarded historians, strategists and practitioners, this book examines the Australian Army's influence abroad and the lessons it has learnt from its engagement across the Asia-Pacific region. It also explores the challenges facing the Australian Army in the future and provides principles to guide operational, administrative and modernisation planning. Containing full-colour maps and images, An Army of Influence will be of interest to both the wider defence community and general readers. It underscores the importance of maintaining an ongoing presence in the region and engages with history to address the issues facing the Army both now and into the future.

scholarly journals The WTO after TPP

Asian Survey ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1101-1122
Author(s):  
Simon J. Evenett
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
The World

This paper critically evaluates the contention that the implementation of the Trans-Pacific Partnership would adversely affect the centrality of the World Trade Organization. Not only are many Asian nations members of the WTO, but some undertook major reforms to join. Contrary to much existing literature, it is argued here that governments in the Asia-Pacific region should not be alarmed by the fate of this mega-regional trade deal.

15 Singapore

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oo Minn Naing
Keyword(s):  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
International Arbitration ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Commercial Arbitration ◽  
International Council ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The World ◽  
Legislative Framework

Singapore is currently one of the world's leading arbitration destinations. In addition to having recently hosted the 21st Congress of the International Council for Commercial Arbitration (ICCA), the reputation of the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) and Maxwell Chambers as being among the leading arbitration-related institutions in the world is testament to the growing significance of international arbitration in the Asia-Pacific region, as well as to the leading role that Singapore has played in contributing to the collective jurisprudence, expertise, activity, and interest in international arbitration. This chapter considers the provisions of the statutory regime and jurisprudence that contributed to establishing Singapore as a pro-arbitration jurisdiction. It provides selected ‘snapshots’ of the current legislative framework as well as recent judicial decisions in the Singapore courts on issues relating to international arbitration.

Virtual exchange in the Asia-Pacific: research and practice

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
Further Development

Virtual Exchange (VE) is of great import to language and culture teachers and researchers but is also gaining popularity in other fields. However, around the world and in the Asia-Pacific region in particular, the number of exchanges is not high and the quality of those that exist needs to continue to improve. It is essential that the latest research and best practice can be disseminated to ensure VE develops further. In this edited volume, various researchers and practitioners provide firsthand perspectives, well-researched accounts of current situations, ideas for future exchanges, and areas in need of further development. We hope it will be of use to the VE practitioner and researcher alike.

Commentaries & Analyses — Recent Developments in the Biotech Industry in Asia Pacific

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (05) ◽  
pp. 270-278
Author(s):  
Aldar S. Bourinbaiar
Keyword(s):  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
International Convention ◽  
Biotechnology Research ◽  
Biotech Industry ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Convention Center

The BIO 2005 international convention is the largest gathering of the biotech industry in the world. Last year, it was held on June 19-22 inside the behemoth Convention Center in downtown Philadelphia. It brought together 18 730 executives, investors, consultants, lawyers, politicians and scientists from 56 countries. More than 500 media representatives covered the event. Biotechnology research and findings presented by countries in the Asia Pacific region has begun to make a significant impact on these annual BIO gatherings. The achievements of some countries in this region are briefly reviewed.

scholarly journals ВОСТОЧНЫЙ ВЕКТОР СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА РОССИИ СО СТРАНАМИ АЗИАТСКО-ТИХООКЕАНСКОГО РЕГИОНА В ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОЙ СФЕРЕ

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-29
Author(s):  
Irina V. Filimonova ◽  
Vasily Yu. Nemov ◽  
Irina V. Provornaya ◽  
Anastasia V. Chebotareva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pipeline Transport ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
The World ◽  
Gas Markets ◽  
The Cost

В статье проанализирована роль Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона в экспорте нефти и газа из России. Оценен экспортный потенциал восточных регионов России. Уделено внимание транспортной инфраструктуре экспортного назначения, охарактеризован трубопроводный транспорт на востоке России, проанализирована доля объёма транспортировки углеводородов в совокупном производстве энергоносителей в России. Изучена динамика изменения стоимостной структуры экспортируемых энергоносителей из России. Авторами исследована также структура потребления и производства энергоносителей в странах АТР, Северной Америки и Европы. Отдельно рассмотрены мировые рынки нефти и газа, а также перспективы сотрудничества со странами АТР в энергетической сфере. The article analyzes the role of the Asia-Pacific region in the export of oil and gas from Russia. The export potential of the eastern regions of Russia was evaluated, attention was also paid to transport infrastructure for export, pipeline transport in the east of Russia was characterized, the share of hydrocarbon transportation in the total energy production in Russia was analyzed. The dynamics of changes in the cost structure of exported energy from Russia was studied. The authors also investigated the structure of energy consumption and production in the Asia-Pacific countries, North America and Europe. The world oil and gas markets, as well as the prospects for cooperation with the Asia-Pacific countries in the energy sector were separately considered.

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