Japanese Merchants Diaspora in the 17th Century into Southeast Asia

IZUMI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-257
Author(s):  
Riza Afita Surya
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Japanese Culture ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
Edo Period ◽  
Minority Studies ◽  
Early Modern Japan ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
Japanese Studies

This study aimed to investigate the Japanese Diaspora in the 17th century into Southeast Asia. This article   discussed critically the  motives, process, and the effect of Japanese diaspora in the Southeast Asia. Reseacher utilized historical method with descriptive approach. The process being performed namely heuristics, critism, interpretation, and historiography. Japanese history regarding abroad migration is an interesting issue between scholars who studied migration, anthropology, and minority studies over the decades. Edo period in Japan is one of the most studied field for many scholars for Japanese studies, since it shaped the characteristic of Japanese culture until today. Trade of Japan is significant part of its economical development since the pre-modern era. In the 17th century, Japan established a solid trade network with Southeast Asia regions, namely Siam, Malacca,  Cambodia, Vietnam and Manila. The emerge of maritime trade with Southeast Asia encouraged Japanese merchants to travel and create settlements in some regions. The Japanese diaspora was encouraged with vermillion seal trade which allowed them to do journey overseas and settled in some places, which eventually increased the number of Japanese merchants in the Southeast Asia. However, after the Sakoku policy there was restriction of trade relation ehich prohibited overseas maritime trade, except for China and Dutch. Sakoku policy caused Japanese merchants who stayed overseas could not return for many years, then they settled themselves as Japanese communities known as Nihon Machi in some places within Southeast Asia. History of early modern Japan between the 16th and 19th century provides a broader narratives of global history as it was surrounded by intense global interaction.

The Butcher, the Baker, and the Carpenter: Chinese Sojourners in the Spanish Philippines and their impact on Southern Fujian (Sixteenth-Eighteenth Centuries)

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucille Chia
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Local History ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
Half Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis article considers the impact on southern Fujian of the trade with and migration to the Spanish Philippines by examining the links of the Chinese there with their native places, particularly in the half century after the resumption of Chinese maritime trade in 1684. To understand the local history of Minnan, it is necessary to look both at the extensive network of Minnanese in Southeast Asia (Nanyang) and China, and at the important social and economic distinctions between Zhangzhou and Quanzhou prefectures in Fujian. Cet article fait l'analyse des eff ets sur le sud du Fujian (Minnan) du commerce avec et la migration aux Philippines en examinant les liens des Chinois là avec leur pays natal, particulièrement pendant les cinquant ans suivant la reprise du commerce maritime chinois en 1684. Pour comprendre l'histoire locale du Minnan il faut examiner à la fois le réseau étendu des naturels du Minnan qui se trouvaient en l'Asie du sud-est (Nanyang) et en Chine, et les distinctions économiques et sociales entre les préfectures de Zhangzhou et Quanzhou au Fujian.

The Culture of Travel in Edo-Period Japan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Goree
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Travel Literature ◽  
Publishing Industry ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Japanese Culture ◽  
Edo Period ◽  
The Road ◽  
Woodblock Printing

The expansion of travel transformed Japanese culture during the Edo period (1603–1867). After well over a century of political turmoil, unprecedented stability under Tokugawa rule established the conditions for men and women from all levels of the hierarchical society to travel safely for purposes as varied as the cultural consequences of a country increasingly on the move. Starting in the first half of the 17th century, institutionalized forms of compulsory travel for the highest-ranking samurai and a limited number of elite foreigners made for conspicuous political spectacle and prompted the Tokugawa shogunate to develop and maintain an extensive system of roads, post-towns, checkpoints, and sea routes. Prompted by the economic prosperity of the Genroku era (1688–1704) in the late 17th century, an ever-growing portion of the population, including commoners from cities and villages, took advantage of newfound leisure to embark on journeys for pilgrimage, medical treatment, and sightseeing. This change was accompanied by the expansion of tourism, which grew into a sophisticated commercial enterprise in the 18th century. Poets, writers, painters, performers, and scholars took to the road throughout the Edo period for artistic and intellectual pursuits, often as teachers or students, generating and spreading culture where they went. With an astonishing output of travel literature, guidebooks, maps, and woodblock prints featuring landscapes, a thriving commercial publishing industry, which first blossomed in the Genroku era, used woodblock printing technology to popularize travel in increasingly diverse ways. Together with such influential forms of print, the things that people wore, packed, bought, enjoyed, and rode while traveling formed a rich body of material culture that reveals the lived experience of travel for the duration of Tokugawa rule.

Money and its Uses in the Javanese States of the Ninth to Fifteenth Centuries A.D.

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Wisseman Christie
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
Malay Peninsula ◽  
Silver Alloy ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
History Of

AbstractCoins appeared relatively late in the history of maritime Southeast Asia. No indigenous coins have so far been dated to before the very end of the eighth or the beginning of the ninth century A.D. These early gold and silver (or silver alloy) coins, which seem to be unique to the region, have so far been found on the Malay peninsula, on the Indonesian islands of Sumatra, Java and Bali, and in the Philippines. The prototypes for these coins were almost certainly first minted in the Javanese state of Mataram, and the spread of their use was apparently linked to the expansion of this state's influence in the maritime trade networks. As the early Asian sea trade boom began to affect the domestic marketing patterns of Java, after the beginning of the tenth century, the need for large numbers of smaller denomination coins grew more pressing. Chinese copper cash were first imported, and then copied, in order to meet this demand.

Book Reviews

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-247
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Edo Period ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Early Modern Japan ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Japan

Carl Mosk of the University of Victoria reviews “Japan's Industrious Revolution: Economic and Social Transformations in the Early Modern Period”, by Akira Hayami. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Explores how the economic and social transformations in pre-1600 Japan led to an “industrious revolution” in the early modern period, focusing on the rise of labor-intensive agriculture. Discusses viewpoints and methods in the economic history of Japan; history before the emergence of economic society; the delayed formation process of economic society; the establishment of economic society and the Edo period; the economic and social changes in the Edo period; the rise of industriousness in early modern Japan; economic development in early modern Japan; and historical reflections on Japan's industrialization.”

scholarly journals Sociology of ritual and narrative as post-Western sociology: from the perspective of Confucianism and Nativism in the Edo period of Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Yama
Keyword(s):  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Environmental Sociology ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Western Science ◽  
Edo Period ◽  
Early Modern Japan ◽  
Meiji Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ogyu Sorai

AbstractModern sciences were introduced to Japan from Western countries during the Meiji period. In other words, this was the process of translating Western academic languages into Japanese academic languages. The translation was meant to reuse existing Chinese characters with similar meanings to Western academic languages or create new Chinese characters. Japan was able to rapidly introduce modern Western science during the Meiji period because it already had academic languages comparable to modern Western science; thus, the translation proceeded smoothly. This means that academic ways of thinking that were comparable to modern Western science were developing in Japan. At that time, modern Japanese society first encountered sociology as modern science. Sociology was translated into the Chinese characters “社会学 (Syakaigaku)” and introduced to Japan. The term Syakaigaku first appeared in Japan during the Meiji period; however, before that, early modern Japan had developed several kinds of sociological thought. The purpose of this paper is to examine the history of Japanese thought, especially the new types of Confucianism and Nativism (Kokugaku), in the Edo period in comparison with Western sociology. Various remarkable thoughts similar to those seen in Western sociology are found. This paper then reviews a Nativism scholar, Motoori Norinaga, who was active during the Edo period and influenced Japanese environmental sociology through the folklorist Kunuo Yanagita. Finally, a new sociology, which combines the Western sociological theory of ritual, the Japanese Confucian theory of ritual by Ogyu Sorai, and the narrative theory of Norinaga, is presented.

China’s Legacies in Southeast Asia

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-135
Author(s):  
David Shambaugh
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Tribute System ◽  
Economic Exchanges ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

This chapter traces the history of China’s legacies in Southeast Asia. Historically, China has loomed large—geographically, culturally, militarily, and economically—over Southeast Asia. This was particularly the case before the sixteenth-century arrival of European colonial powers, which encroached upon not only Southeast Asia but China itself, and began to limit earlier Sino-Southeast Asian interactions. Prior to that time, they were a mixture of cross-border migration and economic exchanges; a flourishing maritime trade; outright occupation and subjugation in one case (Vietnam); and ritualistic expressions of the “tribute system” for many others. These four legacies are all extraordinarily complex, for which there are not particularly good historical records. Thus, how one interprets these pre-modern interactions between China and Southeast Asia really does have to do with the available sources, and it seems that the lack of preserved Southeast Asian sources has had the impact of tilting interpretations in favor of the Chinese tributary paradigm. The chapter then describes this long sweep of Sino-Southeast Asian pre-modern and modern interactions in a relatively condensed fashion before turning to the post-1949 period.

scholarly journals Japanese Crystallography in Culture and Art

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C1304-C1304
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Inoue ◽  
Yoko Sugawara ◽  
Atsushi Nakagawa ◽  
Masaki Takata
Keyword(s):  
Mirror Symmetry ◽  
Picture Book ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Japanese Culture ◽  
Edo Period ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rotation Axes ◽  
Feudal Lord ◽  
History Of ◽  
Japanese Painting

"We can find many seeds of crystallography in Japanese culture. Most of the family crests have symmetry elements such as rotation axes and mirror symmetry elements. Sekka-zue, a picture book of 86 kinds of crystals of snow, was made by Toshitura Doi, who is a feudal lord in Edo-period and he observed snow using a microscope in nineteenth century. In recent years, people enjoy to make crystal structures, polyhedrons, carbon nanotube, quasicrystal etc. by origami, the art of folding paper [1]. In the field of science, the Japanese crystallography has contributed to explore culture and art. An excellent example is unveiling the original color of Japanese painting "Red and White Plum Blossoms" by Korin Ogata [2]. Prof. Izumi Nakai (Tokyo University of Science) developed an X-ray fluorescence analyzer and an X-ray powder diffractometer designated to the investigation of cultural and art works and had succeeded in reproducing the silver-colored waves through computer graphics after X-ray analyses of crystals on the painting. The scientific approach by Prof. Nakai et al. unveiled the mystery of cultural heritage of ancient near east, ancient Egypt etc. and is being to contribute to insight into the history of human culture. [1] An event to enjoy making crystals by origami is under contemplation. [2] The symposium ""Crystallography which revives heritages"" was held on February 16, 2014 at Atami in Japan."

scholarly journals Eunuchs and Concubines in the History of Islamic Southeast Asia

MANUSYA ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
William Gervase Clarence-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Sexual Relations ◽  
History Of

In the early 17th century, male servant eunuchs were common, notably at the Persianised Acehnese court of Iskandar Muda. By mid-century, the castration of male slaves mysteriously disappeared. Concubinage, however, lasted much longer. While there were sporadic attempts to stamp out abuses, for example sexual relations with pre-pubescent slave girls, and possibly, clitoridectomy, a reasoned rejection of the institution of concubinage on religious grounds failed to emerge. This paper discusses the sexual treatment of slaves across Islamic Southeast Asia, a subject which sheds important light on historical specificities pertaining to both Islam and sexuality in the region, yet which continues to be treated with silence, embarrassment or even scholarly condemnation.

scholarly journals Can You Question Science in a Pandemic? Provocations on the History of Health (and Food) in Japan After COVID

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Joshua Schlachet ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Social Good ◽  
Medical Expertise ◽  
Early Modern Japan ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Divisions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Japanese Studies

This article, through a series of provocations and anecdotes from my research into dietary health in early modern Japan (1600-1868), makes the case for transhistorical thinking as a productive analytical mode, allowing the past to speak to present concerns in creative and unexpected ways. As this volume seeks a fresh approach to Japanese Studies post-pandemic, addressing this tension between past and present, I argue, offers a productive way to turn the challenges of COVID-19 into opportunities for greater impact and interconnection. Now, however, is a bad time to question science. Vaccine hesitancy, resistance to mask mandates, and the overall politicization of commonsense health guidelines among a substantial plurality of the population indicate a sustained mistrust of health science expertise precisely when belief and compliance would do the most medical and social good. Doing the history of health in Japan through a transhistorical lens, I argue, exposes how a set of social divisions and challenges that may appear through a presentist lens to be as novel as the virus itself, and tied inextricably to the demands and paradoxes of modern state-based public health regimes, are in fact variants of issues that have been faced in dramatically different historical circumstances. This article follows these themes through three broad provocations that resonate between health’s past and present, drawn from the nineteenth-century history of diet and nutrition in Japan: skepticism of doctors and a critique of medical expertise; prioritising preventative versus retroactive care; and balancing health with opening the economy.

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