The Butcher, the Baker, and the Carpenter: Chinese Sojourners in the Spanish Philippines and their impact on Southern Fujian (Sixteenth-Eighteenth Centuries)

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucille Chia
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Local History ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
Half Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis article considers the impact on southern Fujian of the trade with and migration to the Spanish Philippines by examining the links of the Chinese there with their native places, particularly in the half century after the resumption of Chinese maritime trade in 1684. To understand the local history of Minnan, it is necessary to look both at the extensive network of Minnanese in Southeast Asia (Nanyang) and China, and at the important social and economic distinctions between Zhangzhou and Quanzhou prefectures in Fujian. Cet article fait l'analyse des eff ets sur le sud du Fujian (Minnan) du commerce avec et la migration aux Philippines en examinant les liens des Chinois là avec leur pays natal, particulièrement pendant les cinquant ans suivant la reprise du commerce maritime chinois en 1684. Pour comprendre l'histoire locale du Minnan il faut examiner à la fois le réseau étendu des naturels du Minnan qui se trouvaient en l'Asie du sud-est (Nanyang) et en Chine, et les distinctions économiques et sociales entre les préfectures de Zhangzhou et Quanzhou au Fujian.

China’s Legacies in Southeast Asia

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-135
Author(s):  
David Shambaugh
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Tribute System ◽  
Economic Exchanges ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

This chapter traces the history of China’s legacies in Southeast Asia. Historically, China has loomed large—geographically, culturally, militarily, and economically—over Southeast Asia. This was particularly the case before the sixteenth-century arrival of European colonial powers, which encroached upon not only Southeast Asia but China itself, and began to limit earlier Sino-Southeast Asian interactions. Prior to that time, they were a mixture of cross-border migration and economic exchanges; a flourishing maritime trade; outright occupation and subjugation in one case (Vietnam); and ritualistic expressions of the “tribute system” for many others. These four legacies are all extraordinarily complex, for which there are not particularly good historical records. Thus, how one interprets these pre-modern interactions between China and Southeast Asia really does have to do with the available sources, and it seems that the lack of preserved Southeast Asian sources has had the impact of tilting interpretations in favor of the Chinese tributary paradigm. The chapter then describes this long sweep of Sino-Southeast Asian pre-modern and modern interactions in a relatively condensed fashion before turning to the post-1949 period.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH LABORATORY OF GEOGRAPHY AND SOIL CONSERVATION OF THE BLACK SOIL ZONE OF ODESSA NATIONAL UNIVERSITY (PSCL‑4 ONU) CELEBRATES50TH ANNIVERSARY!

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1(38)) ◽  
pp. 250-260
Author(s):  
O. I. Tsurkan ◽  
A. О. Buyanovskiy ◽  
E. N. Krasekha ◽  
N. O. Popelnytska
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
The South ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Problem Statement and Purpose. The problem scientific and research laboratory of geography and soil conservation of the black soil zone (PSCL‑4 ONU) was opened at the Geology and Geography Faculty of Odessa University half a century ago, in 1971. The main task of the research laboratory resided in conducting soil researches in the steppe zone of the south of Ukraine in connection with the commencement of irrigation programs there, soil and land mapping to streamline their use. The aimof this article is to highlight the major milestones of the half-century history of the research laboratory, as well as outline achievements and research activities during this period.Data & Methods. Documents and materials on the history of formation and development of the PSCL‑4, documents and materials on the research activitiesduring 50 years, as well as the other author’s  publications from the previous years. To highlight the half-century history of the PSCL a classic geographical and historical-and-research approaches has been applied, which combines the principlesof historical and analytical assessment of both: historical milestones and obtained achievements.Results. Starting from 1971 the soil sciences expedition of the PSCL4 conducted a large-scale(1:10000 and 1:25000) survey and mapping of soils of collective and state farms in the south of Ukraine, Russian Federation, North and Central Kazakhstanin the area of more than 6 mln. ha. PSCL4 staff has been studying the impact of waters of different irrigational quality on the chemical composition of the southern Ukrainian soils, as well as properties and productivity of these soils. There has beenestablished genetic nature and negative direction of a number of processes in the black soil under irrigation, there also have been justified and introduced into practice different measures to protect and increase fertility of soils under irrigation and drainage. In 2003 there have been commenced research and mapping of soils and soil cover on Zmiiny island. The studies of modern landscapes and soil-geochemical environments and processes on the estuary coasts in the Northwestern part of theBlack Sea region as well as city`s soil, are considered additionally in the research within recent years. Bearing in mind problems and topics the PSCL4 addressed during its long-term scientific and research activities there has been developed ascientific school – “Soil Formation Processes in Black Soils of the Steppe Zone.” Over half a century the department schooled 14 candidates and 3 doctors of sciences, published more books, scientific articles, scientific and practical  recommendations, and training manuals.

scholarly journals Between Metropole and Province: circulating botany in British museums, 1870–1940

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-146
Author(s):  
Caroline Cornish ◽  
Patricia Allan ◽  
Lauren Gardiner ◽  
Poppy Nicol ◽  
Heather Pardoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Botany ◽  
Local History ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
The Public ◽  
Botanical Museum ◽  
Personal Connections ◽  
History Of ◽  
Royal Botanic Gardens ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Relationship

Exchange of duplicate specimens was an important element of the relationship between metropolitan and regional museums in the period 1870–1940. Evidence of transfers of botanical museum objects such as economic botany specimens is explored for the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and six museums outside the capital: Cambridge University Botanical Museum, National Museum Wales, Glasgow Museums, Liverpool World Museum, Manchester Museum and Warrington Museum. Botany became an important element in these museums soon after their foundation, sometimes relying heavily on Kew material as in the case of Glasgow and Warrington, and usually with a strong element of economic botany (except in the case of Cambridge). Patterns of exchange depended on personal connections and rarely took the form of symmetrical relationships. Botanical displays declined in importance at various points between the 1920s and 1960s, and today only Warrington Museum has a botanical gallery open to the public. However, botanical objects are finding new roles in displays on subjects such as local history, history of collections, natural history and migration.

scholarly journals Syphilis, Gonorrhoea, Leprosy and Yaws in the Indonesian Archipelago, 1500-1950

MANUSYA ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-41
Author(s):  
Peter Boomgaard
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Island Southeast Asia ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
Mitigating Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Islam And Christianity ◽  
The Impact

This paper dexamines the history of sexually transmitted diseases in Southeast Asia and explores the origins of venereal disease, specifically syphilis and gonorrhoea, in the region. The arrival of new diseases that accompanied Europeans from about 1500, is a subject that scholars have largely ignored in favour of the 19th and 20th centuries. While concentrating on the Indonesian archipelago, the paper also considers to other parts of Southeast Asia to investigate the impact of syphilis and gonorrhoea on the rate of population growth in the region. Unlike gonorrhoea, which was present before the arrival of Europeans, syphilis was a new disease whose introduction by the Portuguese had lethal consequences. Possibly, the propagation of Islam and Christianity in island Southeast Asia after 1500 and of Buddhism in mainland Southeast Asia, were important mitigating factors in checking the spread of syphilis.

The First Indian National Army, 1941–42

1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Toye
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
National Government ◽  
Colonial Administration ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Civilian Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
Indian National Army ◽  
The Impact

The impact of the conquering Japanese upon the Indian communities of Southeast Asia and upon the Indian soldiers captured there led, within a few months, to the formation of an Indian National Army intended to fight for the Independence of India alongside the Japanese, and to the establishment of an Indian Independence League embracing the civilian population of the whole area. The Japanese impact was harsh; the requirement from the conquered populations was total quiescence; military operations must not be hampered, Japanese needs for supplies and labour must be met without hesitation. Where this could be secured through an existing colonial administration as in Indochina, by enforcing the collaboration of a national government as in Thailand, or by playing on latent nationalism as in Burma, so much the better. Otherwise the method was terror: massacre, random execution, torture. It is the method of invading armies; it was the German method, the Russian method, the method of Genghiz Khan. That it wasemployed by the Japanese in the countries of Southeast Asia is basic to the history of the period.

Money and its Uses in the Javanese States of the Ninth to Fifteenth Centuries A.D.

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Wisseman Christie
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
Malay Peninsula ◽  
Silver Alloy ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
History Of

AbstractCoins appeared relatively late in the history of maritime Southeast Asia. No indigenous coins have so far been dated to before the very end of the eighth or the beginning of the ninth century A.D. These early gold and silver (or silver alloy) coins, which seem to be unique to the region, have so far been found on the Malay peninsula, on the Indonesian islands of Sumatra, Java and Bali, and in the Philippines. The prototypes for these coins were almost certainly first minted in the Javanese state of Mataram, and the spread of their use was apparently linked to the expansion of this state's influence in the maritime trade networks. As the early Asian sea trade boom began to affect the domestic marketing patterns of Java, after the beginning of the tenth century, the need for large numbers of smaller denomination coins grew more pressing. Chinese copper cash were first imported, and then copied, in order to meet this demand.

scholarly journals Seeking Greek Independence in the Aegean: an Unsuccessful Venture in 1822

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evi Psarrou ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Local History ◽  
Final Outcome ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
European Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the present study is to discuss one of the first episodes of the Greek War of Independence that took place in the Aegean Sea in 1822, which ended at the devastation of Chios Island and the defeat of its inhabitants. In this framework the organization of the campaign is examined, the course of the military operations and the final outcome. The importance of the study lies in the fact that it examines the events not in the light of the local history of Chios island but in the broader context of the Greek Revolution and the impact the events had on European public opinion.

Military Mortality in Tropical Asia: British Troops in Tenasserim, 1827–36

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-37
Author(s):  
Peter Coclanis
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Demographic Analysis ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Fundamental Categories

The demographic history of Southeast Asia remains largely uncharted. This is particularly true of mainland Southeast Asia prior to the commencement of the era of high imperialism in the second half of the nineteenth century. To be sure, in recent years scholars have begun to explore certain aspects of the mainland's demographic history during the precolonial and early colonial periods. Nonetheless, we still lack basic information on fertility, mortality, and migration — the three fundamental categories in demographic analysis — for most populations on most parts of the mainland prior to 1850.

Japanese Merchants Diaspora in the 17th Century into Southeast Asia

IZUMI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-257
Author(s):  
Riza Afita Surya
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Japanese Culture ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
Edo Period ◽  
Minority Studies ◽  
Early Modern Japan ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
Japanese Studies

This study aimed to investigate the Japanese Diaspora in the 17th century into Southeast Asia. This article   discussed critically the  motives, process, and the effect of Japanese diaspora in the Southeast Asia. Reseacher utilized historical method with descriptive approach. The process being performed namely heuristics, critism, interpretation, and historiography. Japanese history regarding abroad migration is an interesting issue between scholars who studied migration, anthropology, and minority studies over the decades. Edo period in Japan is one of the most studied field for many scholars for Japanese studies, since it shaped the characteristic of Japanese culture until today. Trade of Japan is significant part of its economical development since the pre-modern era. In the 17th century, Japan established a solid trade network with Southeast Asia regions, namely Siam, Malacca,  Cambodia, Vietnam and Manila. The emerge of maritime trade with Southeast Asia encouraged Japanese merchants to travel and create settlements in some regions. The Japanese diaspora was encouraged with vermillion seal trade which allowed them to do journey overseas and settled in some places, which eventually increased the number of Japanese merchants in the Southeast Asia. However, after the Sakoku policy there was restriction of trade relation ehich prohibited overseas maritime trade, except for China and Dutch. Sakoku policy caused Japanese merchants who stayed overseas could not return for many years, then they settled themselves as Japanese communities known as Nihon Machi in some places within Southeast Asia. History of early modern Japan between the 16th and 19th century provides a broader narratives of global history as it was surrounded by intense global interaction.

scholarly journals Colonización, agricultura y lluvias. Apuntes para una historia local de Rivas, Costa Rica, 1950-2000

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 236-268
Author(s):  
Ana Yolanda Zuñiga Arias
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Local History ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Tropical Storms ◽  
Agricultural Colonization ◽  
Agricultural Census ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
The Impact

El objetivo es mostrar cómo los procesos de apropiación y uso del suelo son factores que contribuyen a la vulnerabilidad, según el impacto de eventos naturales en el distrito de Rivas (Pérez Zeledón, Costa Rica). El artículo está estructurado en tres partes: primero se describe aspectos generales del lugar. Seguidamente, se caracteriza el proceso de colonización agrícola de la región y el paisaje hacia 1955. Finalmente, se presenta la incidencia de deslizamientos e inundaciones provocadas por tormentas tropicales y huracanes.  El análisis está sustentado principalmente en fuentes primarias escritas, orales y el Censo Agropecuario de 1955.Palabras claves: agricultura, colonización, inundaciones, Rivas, Costa Rica.Colonization, Farming, and Rains. Notes for a Local History of Rivas, Costa Rica, 1950-2000AbstractThe aim is to show how the processes of appropriation and use land are factors that contribute to the vulnerability, under the impact of natural events in the district of Rivas (Perez Zeledon, Costa Rica). The article is structured in three parts: the first one describes general aspects of the place. Then, It is characterized the process of the agricultural colonization of the region and the landscape around 1955. Finally, it presents the incidence of landslides, and floods induced by tropical storms and hurricanes. The analysis is based mainly on primary sources written, oral, and the Agricultural Census of 1955.Keywords: agriculture, colonization, floods, Rivas, Costa Rica.

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