scholarly journals Catalysis of glycerol acetylation on solid acid catalyst: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 414-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Hidayati ◽  
Rahmah Puspita Sari ◽  
Herry Purnama
Keyword(s):  
Side Effect ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Chemical Production

Biodiesel is a substitute fuel that is environmentally friendly, biodegradable, and sustainable. The need for biodiesel continues to increase. Biodiesel is made through the process of transesterification of triglycerides and alcohol. Glycerol is a side-effect of biodiesel products with a capacity of 10% of the total weight of its production. Glycerol is the simplest glyceride compound and has several functions as a primary ingredient in chemical production. Through acetylation, glycerol is converted to a material that has a higher sale value. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts are the acetylation approach to achieve the desired product, namely acetyl glycerol esters (mono-, di- and triacetin). However, in the process, the catalyst’s type and characteristics significantly affect the yield and conversion of the product and the deactivation or reusability of the catalyst, which can inhibit the catalyst’s utilization and effectiveness; therefore, it must be studied further. Besides, the parameters that affect the reaction will also be assessed.

FeCl3–SiO2 as heterogeneous catalysts for the preparation of dihydropyrano[3,2-b]chromenediones

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 1791-1797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Lin Li ◽  
Jin-Ying Liang ◽  
Tian-Bao Wang ◽  
Ya-Qin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Kojic Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Appreciable Change

FeCl3–SiO2 is environment-friendly heterogeneous catalyst for the condensation of kojic acid and aldehydes with dimedone to afford dihydropyrano[3,2-b]chromenediones. The solid acid catalyst is stable and can be easily recovered and reused without appreciable change in its efficiency.

scholarly journals A Facile Approach to the Synthesis of 3-Acylisoxazole Derivatives by the Use of Reusable Solid Acid Catalysts

Synthesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken-ichi Itoh ◽  
Mamiko Hayakawa ◽  
Rina Abe ◽  
Shinji Takahashi ◽  
Kenta Hasegawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silica Gel ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Synthetic Method ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Amberlyst 15 ◽  
Nitrile Oxides

Nitrile oxides were obtained from α-nitro ketones by the use of silica-gel supported sodium hydrogensulfate (NaHSO4/SiO2) or Amberlyst 15 as solid acid catalyst, and then the corresponding 3-acylisoxaszoles were obtained from alkynes via the 1,3-dipolar ([3+2]) cycloaddition. These heterogeneous catalysts are easily separable from the reaction mixture, and reused up to the synthesis. This synthetic method provides a facile, efficient and reusable production of 3-acylisoxazoles.

Corncob lignocellulose for the production of furfural by hydrothermal pretreatment and heterogeneous catalytic process

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (74) ◽  
pp. 60264-60272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aojie Deng ◽  
Junli Ren ◽  
Huiling Li ◽  
Feng Peng ◽  
Runcang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Hydrothermal Pretreatment ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalytic Process ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalytic ◽  
Furfural Production

In this paper, an environmentally-friendly two-step process for furfural production was developed by the hydrothermal pretreatment of corncob and the heterogeneous catalysis of the hydrolysate using a solid acid catalyst.

scholarly journals Aroylation of aromatics with aryl carboxylic acids over Nafion-H (polymeric perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid), an environmentally friendly solid acid catalyst

ARKIVOC ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 2004 (8) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
G. K. Surya Prakash ◽  
Thomas Mathew ◽  
Mihirbaran Mandal ◽  
Morteza Farnia ◽  
George A. Olah
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Acid Catalyst

Synthesis and Characterization of Heterogeneous Solid Acid Catalyst from Alstonia Scolaris Stalks for Biodiesel Production using Waste Cooking Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charishma Venkata Sai Anne ◽  
Karthikeyan S. ◽  
Arun C.
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Wood Biomass ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cooking Oil

Background: Waste biomass derived reusable heterogeneous acid based catalysts are more suitable to overcome the problems associated with homogeneous catalysts. The use of agricultural biomass as catalyst for transesterification process is more economical and it reduces the overall production cost of biodiesel. The identification of an appropriate suitable catalyst for effective transesterification will be a landmark in biofuel sector Objective: In the present investigation, waste wood biomass was used to prepare a low cost sulfonated solid acid catalyst for the production of biodiesel using waste cooking oil. Methods: The pretreated wood biomass was first calcined then sulfonated with H2SO4. The catalyst was characterized by various analyses such as, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The central composite design (CCD) based response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the influence of individual process variables such as temperature, catalyst load, methanol to oil molar ration and reaction time on biodiesel yield. Results: The obtained optimized conditions are as follows: temperature (165 ˚C), catalyst loading (1.625 wt%), methanol to oil molar ratio (15:1) and reaction time (143 min) with a maximum biodiesel yield of 95 %. The Gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil was showed that it has a mixture of both monounsaturated and saturated methyl esters. Conclusion: Thus the waste wood biomass derived heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification process of waste cooking oil can be applied for sustainable biodiesel production by adding an additional value for the waste materials and also eliminating the disposable problem of waste oils.

scholarly journals Production of cellulose nanofibrils and films from elephant grass using deep eutectic solvents and a solid acid catalyst

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 14071-14078
Author(s):  
Xi-Que Wu ◽  
Pan-Dao Liu ◽  
Qun Liu ◽  
Shu-Ying Xu ◽  
Yu-Cang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
New Strategy

A new strategy was developed to produce cellulose nanofibrils and films from elephant grass using deep eutectic solvents and a recyclable solid acid catalyst with assistance of ultrasonic disintegration and a suction filtration film forming method.

scholarly journals ZnAlMCM-41; a very ecofriendly and reusable solid acid catalyst for highly selective synthesis of 1, 3-dioxanes by Prins cyclization of olefins

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manickam Selvaraj ◽  
Mohammed A. Assiri ◽  
Hari Singh ◽  
Jimmy Nelson Appaturi ◽  
Subrahmanyam Ch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Selective Synthesis ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Catalytic Method ◽  
Prins Cyclization ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalytic

Prins cyclization of styrene (SE) with paraformaldehyde (PFCHO) was conducted with mesoporous ZnAlMCM-41 catalysts for synthesis of 4-phenyl-1,3-dioxane (4-PDO) under a liquid phase heterogeneous catalytic method. For comparison study, the...

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