An integrated distributed numerical model for rain-induced slope failures, surface erosion, debris flows, and multi-hazard interactions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Shen
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Slope Failures

Japanese early-warning for debris flows and slope failures using rainfall indices with Radial Basis Function Network

Landslides ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobutomo Osanai ◽  
Takeshi Shimizu ◽  
Kazumasa Kuramoto ◽  
Shinichi Kojima ◽  
Tomoyuki Noro
Keyword(s):  
Radial Basis Function ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Basis Function ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Radial Basis Function Network ◽  
Slope Failures ◽  
Radial Basis ◽  
Function Network

scholarly journals Elasto-plastic-adhesive DEM model for simulating hillslope debris flows: cross comparison with field experiments

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel Albaba ◽  
Massimiliano Schwarz ◽  
Corinna Wendeler ◽  
Bernard Loup ◽  
Luuk Dorren
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Fine Content ◽  
Adhesive Model

Abstract. This paper presents a Discrete Element-based elasto-plastic-adhesive model which is adapted and tested for producing hillslope debris flows. The numerical model produces three phases of particle contacts: elastic, plastic and adhesion. The model capabilities of simulating different types of cohesive granular flows were tested with different ranges of flow velocities and heights. The basic model parameters, being the basal friction (ϕb) and normal restitution coefficient (ϵn), were calibrated using field experiments of hillslope debris flows impacting two sensors. Simulations of 50 m3 of material were carried out on a channelized surface that is 41 m long and 8 m wide. The calibration process was based on measurements of flow height, flow velocity and the pressure applied to a sensor. Results of the numerical model matched well those of the field data in terms of pressure and flow velocity while less agreement was observed for flow height. Those discrepancies in results were due in part to the deposition of material in the field test which are not reproducible in the model. A parametric study was conducted to further investigate that effect of model parameters and inclination angle on flow height, velocity and pressure. Results of best-fit model parameters against selected experimental tests suggested that a link might exist between the model parameters ϕb and ϵn and the initial conditions of the tested granular material (bulk density and water and fine contents). The good performance of the model against the full-scale field experiments encourages further investigation by conducting lab-scale experiments with detailed variation of water and fine content to better understand their link to the model's parameters.

scholarly journals Earthquake-induced debris flows at Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velio Coviello ◽  
Lucia Capra ◽  
Gianluca Norini ◽  
Norma Dávila ◽  
Dolores Ferrés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flows ◽  
Horizontal Stress ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Volcanic Edifice ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Slope Failures ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Seismic Records ◽  
Maximum Horizontal Stress ◽  
First Time

Abstract. The M7.1 Puebla-Morelos earthquake that occurred on 19 September 2017, with epicenter located ∼ 70 km SW from Popocatépetl volcano, severely hit central Mexico. Seismic shaking of the volcanic edifice induced by the earthquake triggered hundreds of shallow landslides on the volcanic flanks, remobilizing loose pyroclastic deposits and saturated soils. The largest landslides occurred on the slopes of aligned ENE-WSW-trending ravines on opposite sides of the volcanic cone, roughly parallel to the regional maximum horizontal stress and local volcanotectonic structural features. This configuration may suggest transient reactivation of local faults and extensional fractures as one of the mechanisms that has weakened the volcanic edifice and promoted the largest slope failures. The seismic records from a broadband station located at few kilometers from the main landslides are used to infer the intensity of ground shaking that triggered the slope failures. The material involved in the larger landslides, mainly ash and pumice fall deposits from late Holocene eruptions with a total volume of about 106 cubic meters, transformed into two large debris flows on the western slope of the volcano and one on its eastern side. The debris flows were highly viscous and contained abundant large woods (about 105 cubic meter). Their peculiar rheology is reconstructed by field evidences and analyzing the grain size distribution of samples from both landslide scars and deposits. This is the first time that such flows were observed at this volcano. Our work provides new insights to constrain a multi-hazard risk assessment for Popocatépetl and other continental active volcanoes.

Landslides & debris flows formation from gravelly soil surface erosion and particle losses in Jiangjia Ravine

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 987-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-jian Hu ◽  
Hua-li Pan ◽  
Hou-zhen Wei ◽  
Ren Wang ◽  
Ying A
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flows ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Jiangjia Ravine ◽  
Gravelly Soil

Investigating the controls of submarine landslides and associated hazards in Pangnirtung Fiord, Eastern Baffin Island (Nunavut)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Sedore ◽  
Alexandre Normandeau ◽  
Vittorio Maselli
Keyword(s):  
High Latitude ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Slope Failure ◽  
Recurrence Time ◽  
High Recurrence Rate ◽  
Baffin Island ◽  
Submarine Landslides ◽  
Slope Failures ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Submarine Slope

<p>High-latitude fiords are susceptible to hazardous subaerial and submarine slope failures. Recent investigations have shown that past slope failures in fiords of Greenland and Alaska have generated devastating landslide induced tsunamis. Since coastal communities inhabit these high-latitude fiords, it is critical to understand the slope failure recurrence time, their distribution, potential triggers, and ability to generate tsunamis. In this study, we identified > 50 near-surface submarine landslides in Pangnirtung Fiord, eastern Baffin Island, Nunavut, using multibeam bathymetric and sub-bottom profiler data, along with sediment gravity-cores collected in 2019. Morphometric and morphological analyses, along with sedimentological analyses, were carried out on submarine landslide deposits to quantify their spatial and temporal distribution throughout the fiord and to evaluate the factors that may have triggered the slope failures.</p><p>Combining bathymetric with topographic data from unmanned aerial vehicle imagery, we found that most of these landslide deposits are relatively small (~ 0.08 km<sup>2</sup>) and are associated with outwash fans and steep fiord sidewalls. However, since most slope failure head scarps lie between the intertidal zone and ~30 m water depth, they could not be mapped, which makes it challenging to determine the triggers of the submarine slope failures. Radiocarbon dating reveals that most of these surficial landslide deposits are younger than 500 years old and that they were most likely triggered at different times. This finding highlights a high recurrence rate of slope failures within the fiord, suggesting that localised triggers are responsible for slope failures within the fiord, as opposed to widespread, seismically induced triggers which do not occur as frequently in the study area. In addition, the elongated morphology of the landslide deposits and the varying degrees of landslide deposit surface roughness supports localised point-source triggers. Since most landslides are associated with subaerial outwash fans and deltas, we suggest that triggers of these relatively frequent submarine landslides within Pangnirtung Fiord include rapid floodwater input, subaerial debris flows, and sea-ice loading during low tide.</p><p>This research shows that slope failures in a high-latitude fiord are affected by the interaction of numerous subaerial and submarine processes, leading us to speculate that a potential increase in the frequency of subaerial debris flows and river floods due to climate change may increase the recurrence of submarine landslides.<strong> </strong></p>

scholarly journals EDDA 2.0: integrated simulation of debris flow initiation and dynamics, considering two initiation mechanisms

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Shen ◽  
Limin Zhang ◽  
Hongxin Chen ◽  
Ruilin Fan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Debris Flow ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Integrated Simulation ◽  
Debris Flow Initiation

Abstract. Climate change results in more frequent rainstorms and more rain-induced debris flows in mountainous areas. The prediction of likely hazard zones is important for debris flow risk assessment and management. Existing numerical methods for debris flow analysis often require the input of hydrographs at prescribed initiation locations, ignoring the initiation process and leading to large uncertainties in debris flow initiation locations, times and volumes when applied to regional debris flow analysis. The evolution of the flowing mixture in time and space is hardly addressed either. This paper presents a new integrated numerical model, EDDA 2.0, to simulate the whole process of debris-flow initiation, motion, entrainment, deposition and property changes. Two physical initiation mechanisms are modeled: transformation from slope failures and surface erosion. Three numerical tests and field application to a catastrophic debris flow event are conducted to verify the model components and evaluate the model performance. The results indicate that the integrated model is capable of simulating the initiation and subsequent flowing process of rain-induced debris flows, as well as the physical evolution of the flowing mixture. The integrated model provides a powerful tool for analyzing multi-hazard processes, hazard interactions and regional debris-flow risk assessment in the future.

scholarly journals Investigation and consideration on landslide zoning of multiple slope failures and debris flows of 2014 disaster in Hiroshima, Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1085-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Tsuchida ◽  
Takeo Moriwaki ◽  
Shinji Nakai ◽  
A.M.R.G. Athapaththu
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flows ◽  
Slope Failures

Influence of Salt Tectonics On Fault Displacements and Submarine Slope Failures from Algeria To Sardinia

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia A. Yeakley ◽  
Abdul Shakoor ◽  
William Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flows ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Turbidity Currents ◽  
Salt Tectonics ◽  
Slope Failures ◽  
Submarine Slope ◽  
Lateral Extent ◽  
Pipeline Route

ABSTRACT We used previously obtained marine geophysical and geotechnical data for the proposed Galsi pipeline route from Algeria to Sardinia to analyze the buried salt distribution, rates of fault displacements, and frequency and lateral extent of submarine slope failures. Crossing the convergent African/Nubian–European plate boundary, the southern section of the pipeline route traverses continental shelves and slopes of Algeria and Sardinia as well as the Algerian abyssal plain of the western Mediterranean. Deeply buried Messinian-aged salt is present throughout this area. Being less dense and more buoyant than the overburden sediment, the salt tends to flow upward to form diapiric structures that, in turn, result in the formation of faults and landslides in the overlying sediment. Measured offsets from seismic profiles of different resolutions were compared with predicted sediment age at depth of each offset, yielding an average rate of fault displacement of 1.5 cm/kiloyear (ky). The highest rates of displacement are along the Cagliari slope near Sardinia (2.5-2.7 cm/ky) and near the convergent plate boundary (2.3 cm/ky). Utilizing the same geophysical data, the frequency and lateral extent of submarine slope failures in the study area can also be linked to the distribution of salt and the influence of salt tectonics. Turbidity currents and hyperpycnal flows are present within the Algerian basin, whereas local debris flows, landslide runouts, and channelized debris flows are present along the Sardinian slope. The low sedimentation rates, determined in this study, suggest that the most recent slope failures related to salt tectonics occurred more than 12,000 years ago.

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